Herzenbergite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Herzenbergite
Formula:
SnS
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
5.22
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After the chemist Dr Roberto Herzenberg (Libau, Kurland, in what is now Latvia, on September 19, 1885 - Santiago, Chile, October 24, 1955), an ethnic German from Riga, Latvia, who became head of the ore analysis laboratories for Bolivian "tin baron" Moritz (Mauricio) Hochschild in Oruro, Bolivia.
Herzenbergite-Teallite Series.
Discovered by Roberto Herzenberg, who named it "kolbeckine". A better description was later published by Ramdohr, who renamed it after Herzenberg.
Discovered by Roberto Herzenberg, who named it "kolbeckine". A better description was later published by Ramdohr, who renamed it after Herzenberg.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1880
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1880:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
70450730-1096-4557-8d90-4a81257e46cf
IMA Classification of Herzenbergite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Herzenbergite
2.CD.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
2.8.24.
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.6.1
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hzb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Herzenbergite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Herzenbergite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
{001}
Density:
5.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.19 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Herzenbergite
Anisotropism:
Intense in oil, with yellow to red colors.
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 45.9% | 52.9% |
420nm | 45.6% | 53.6% |
440nm | 45.2% | 53.8% |
460nm | 44.6% | 53.2% |
480nm | 44.0% | 52.2% |
500nm | 43.7% | 51.2% |
520nm | 43.6% | 50.6% |
540nm | 43.2% | 49.9% |
560nm | 42.3% | 48.8% |
580nm | 41.4% | 47.6% |
600nm | 40.7% | 46.6% |
620nm | 40.3% | 45.8% |
640nm | 40.0% | 45.0% |
660nm | 39.9% | 44.2% |
680nm | 39.6% | 43.7% |
700nm | 39.3% | 43.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 53.8%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
white
Internal Reflections:
dark red-brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
light to darker blue-white
Chemistry of Herzenbergite
Mindat Formula:
SnS
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
May contain some Pb replacing Sn: (Sn,Pb)SnS2.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Herzenbergite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.32 Å, b = 11.19 Å, c = 3.97 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.386 : 1 : 0.355
Unit Cell V:
191.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Massive fine-grained lamellar. Rarely as free-standing tabular crystals.
Comment:
Non-standard space group Pbnm.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0018115 | Herzenbergite | Hofmann W (1935) Ergebnisse der Strukturbestimmung komplexer Sulfide. I: SnS und PbSnS2 _cod_database_code 1011253 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 92 161-173 | 1935 | 0 | 293 | ||
0010837 | Herzenbergite | Schnering H G, Wiedemeier H (1981) The high temperature structure of beta-SnS and beta-SnSe and the B16-to-B33 type gamma-transition path Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 156 143-150 | 1981 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0011463 | Herzenbergite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-237 | 1963 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.423 Å | (50) |
3.244 Å | (65) |
2.931 Å | (70) |
2.835 Å | (100) |
2.797 Å | (50) |
2.305 Å | (50) |
1.9921 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Synthetic.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Herzenbergite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, BM 1933,93 (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal sulfide.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Herzenbergite
Other Language Names for Herzenbergite
Relationship of Herzenbergite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Varlamoffite | (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2 |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Copper-bearing Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
2 photos of Herzenbergite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
1 photo of Herzenbergite associated with Berndtite | SnS2 |
1 photo of Herzenbergite associated with Ottemannite | Sn2S3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.CD. | Svetlanaite | SnSe |
2.CD.05 | Teallite | PbSnS2 |
2.CD.10 | Alabandite | MnS |
2.CD.10 | Altaite | PbTe |
2.CD.10 | Clausthalite | PbSe |
2.CD.10 | Galena | PbS |
2.CD.10 | Niningerite | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
2.CD.10 | Oldhamite | (Ca,Mg)S |
2.CD.10 va | Quiroguite | Pb23Sb6S32 |
2.CD.10 | Keilite | (Fe2+,Mg)S |
2.CD.15a | Cinnabar | HgS |
2.CD.15b | Hypercinnabar | HgS |
Other Information
Notes:
Etch Reactions: HCl positive; KOH etching and brown precipitate; negative with HNO3, FeCl, HgCl2, and H2O2.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Herzenbergite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1880.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Herzenbergite
Localities for Herzenbergite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia (TL) | |
| Dana 7:I:259-260. +1 other reference |
| Wilson (2001) +1 other reference |
| Torres et al. (2019) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) |
| Kempff et al. (2009) |
China | |
| Pašava et al. (2003) |
Peng et al. (1999) | |
Mineral Deposits 4 (1) +1 other reference | |
Bingjie Wei et al. (1986) | |
| Shihai Cai (1994) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2001) |
| Škoda +3 other references |
Finland | |
| Luukkonen (1994) |
| Sunblad (2008) |
| Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin ... +1 other reference |
| Alviola |
Japan | |
| Min. Jour. (Japan) +1 other reference |
| Miyahisa & Noda (1984) +1 other reference |
| Aoki (1971) |
Norway | |
| Cook et al. (1998) |
Peru | |
| Benites et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Gomes (2000) |
Russia | |
| Barkov et al. (1998) |
| Riabeva et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Spain | |
| Revista de minerales (Mars) |
Pascua et al. (1997) | |
Sweden | |
| Smeds (1993) |
| Burke et al. (1990) |
| Cerny et al. (2004) |
| Mineralogical Magazine |
| Smeds (1993) |
Switzerland | |
| Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Leonid Pautov and Mirak Mirakov ... |
UK | |
| www.mindat.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Finkelman et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
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Viitaniemi pegmatite, Eräjärvi area, Orivesi, Pirkanmaa, Finland