Hulsite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hulsite
Alfred H. Brooks
Formula:
(Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2
Colour:
Black with greenish, brownish, or reddish tinge
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.28 - 4.57
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1908 by Adolph Knopf and Waldemar T. Schaller in honor of Alfred Hulse Brooks (July 18, 1871 – November 22, 1924), American chief geologist in Alaska for the United States Geological Survey from 1903 to 1924.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1943
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1943:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
151a0bec-98ac-4103-9230-359b04d88c09
IMA Classification of Hulsite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3)
Classification of Hulsite
6.AB.45
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
24.2.3.1
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
9.6.4
9 : Borates
6 : Borates of Ti, Sn and Ta
9 : Borates
6 : Borates of Ti, Sn and Ta
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hls | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hulsite
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black with greenish, brownish, or reddish tinge
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good on {110}
good on {110}
Density:
4.28 - 4.57 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.62 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hulsite
Type:
Biaxial
Chemistry of Hulsite
Mindat Formula:
(Fe2+,Mg)2(Fe3+,Sn)(BO3)O2
Crystallography of Hulsite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Setting:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.695(4) Å, b = 3.102(1) Å, c = 5.431(1) Å
β = 94.21(3)°
β = 94.21(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.448 : 1 : 1.751
Unit Cell V:
179.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Small, rectangular crystals. Faces uneven and dull. Tabular masses.
Twinning:
On [001]. One member of the twinning rotated 120° relative to the other.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000497 | Hulsite | Konnert J A, Appleman D E, Clark J R, Finger L W, Kato T, Miura Y (1976) Crystal structure and cation distribution of hulsite, a tin-iron borate American Mineralogist 61 116-122 |  | 1976 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.664 Å | (100) |
| 5.35 Å | (70) |
| 2.585 Å | (70) |
| 2.039 Å | (50) |
| 4.99 Å | (35) |
| 2.491 Å | (35) |
| 2.370 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) |
Type Occurrence of Hulsite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 110240; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1912,612; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 96246, 96247; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 86791, 86989.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Contact metamorphosed limestone.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Knopf, A., Schaller, W.T. (1908) Two new boron minerals of contact-metamorphic origin. American Journal of Science: 175: 323-331.
Other Language Names for Hulsite
Relationship of Hulsite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 | Mon. 2 : P2 |
| Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 13 photos of Hulsite associated with Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] |
| 10 photos of Hulsite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 5 photos of Hulsite associated with Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 4 photos of Hulsite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 3 photos of Hulsite associated with Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 3 photos of Hulsite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 2 photos of Hulsite associated with Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 6.AB. | Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 |
| 6.AB. | Chubarovite | KZn2(BO3)Cl2 |
| 6.AB. | Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH,F) · H2O |
| 6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.25 | Karlite | (Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5 |
| 6.AB.30 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.35 | Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.35 | Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 |
| 6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 |
| 6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Sn,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O |
| 6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1) |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} |
| 6.AB.90 | Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl and HF but less reactive in other acids.
Alters to Limonite.
Alters to Limonite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hulsite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1943.html
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References for Hulsite
Reference List:
Konnert, Judith A., Appleman, Daniel E., Clark, Joan R., Finger, Larry W., Kato, Toshio, Miura, Yasunori (1976) Crystal structure and cation distribution of hulsite, a tin-iron borate. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 116-122
Localities for Hulsite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| R Bottrill |
| Singer et al. (2009) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
Canada | |
| Liverton et al. (eds.) |
China | |
| Jianxiong Zhou and Jinyan Lu (1981) +1 other reference |
| Dequan Zhang and Lihua Wang (1988) |
| Aleksandrov (1998) |
| Shihui Yang and Guangxue Fu (1983) |
Czech Republic | |
| Šrein +2 other references |
Japan | |
| Takeda collection +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Aleksandrov et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| maurice.strahlen.org (2004) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
USA (TL) | |
| Knopf et al. (1908) +1 other reference |
| MIM Museum specimen (me 2157) |
| Aleksandrov (2010) |
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Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia