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Keystoneite

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Mcalpine Mine, Coulterville, Tuolumne Co., California, USA
© Brent Thorne

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Formula:
(Ni,Mg,Fe,Mn)
 
3
Te
 
3
O
 
9
·5H
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Golden yellow
Name:For the type locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Keystoneite.

Classification of Keystoneite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/K.10-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.JM.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
M : Tellurites without additional anions, with H2O
Dana 8th edition ID:34.3.2.3

34 : SELENITES, TELLURITES AND SULFITES
3 : A2(XO3)3·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:28.3.28

28 : Selenites, Selenates, Tellurites, and Tellurates
3 : Tellurites
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Type Occurrence of Keystoneite

Type Locality:Keystone Mine, Magnolia District, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada 56561
Year of Discovery:1988
Geological Setting of type material:Oxidation zone of a complex polymetallic hydrothermal deposit.

Physical Properties of Keystoneite

Lustre:Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Golden yellow
Streak:Pale yellow-green
Density (calculated):4.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Keystoneite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:a = 9.344(2) Å, c = 7.607(3) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.814
Unit Cell Volume:V 575.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Acicular hexagonal crystals, parallel aggregates and radiating sprays.
Comment:Point group 6/m or 6

Optical Data of Keystoneite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.850() nε = 1.990(1)
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.140

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Keystoneite

Formula:
(Ni,Mg,Fe,Mn)
 
3
Te
 
3
O
 
9
·5H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Ni, O, Te
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, Mg, Mn, Ni, O, Te
Empirical Formula:
(Ni,Mg,Fe,Mn)
 
3
Te
4+
3
O
 
9
·5H
 
2
O

Relationship of Keystoneite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.JM.05Kinichilite
(Fe,Mg,Zn)
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
3
(Na
 
x
H
 
2-x
)·3H
 
2
O
4.JM.05Zemannite
(H,Na)
 
2
(Zn,Fe)
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
3
·nH
 
2
O
4.JM.10Blakeite
Fe
3+
2
[TeO
 
3
]
 
3
 (?)
4.JM.10Emmonsite
Fe
3+
2
[TeO
 
3
]
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
4.JM.15Graemite
Cu[TeO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
4.JM.20Teineite
Cu[TeO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
28.3.1Balyakinite
CuTeO
 
3
28.3.2Rajite
Cu[Te
4+
2
O
 
5
]
28.3.3Graemite
Cu[TeO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
28.3.4Teineite
Cu[TeO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
28.3.5Cesbronite
Cu
 
5
[(OH)
 
3
|TeO
 
3
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
28.3.6Mroseite
CaTeO
 
2
CO
 
3
28.3.7Quetzalcoatlite
Zn
 
6
Cu
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·Ag
 
x
Pb
 
y
Cl
 
x+2y
28.3.8Zemannite
(H,Na)
 
2
(Zn,Fe)
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
3
·nH
 
2
O
28.3.9Kinichilite
(Fe,Mg,Zn)
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
3
(Na
 
x
H
 
2-x
)·3H
 
2
O
28.3.10Denningite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca,Zn)[Te
4+
2
O
 
5
]
28.3.11Spiroffite
(Mn,Zn)
 
2
Te
 
3
O
 
8
28.3.12Winstanleyite
TiTe
 
3
O
 
8
28.3.13Fairbankite
PbTeO
 
3
28.3.14Plumbotellurite
PbTeO
 
3
28.3.15Choloalite
PbCu[TeO
 
3
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
28.3.16Smirnite
(BiO)
 
2
[TeO
 
3
]
28.3.17Chekhovichite
Bi
 
2
Te
 
4
O
 
11
28.3.18Cliffordite
UTe
 
3
O
 
9
28.3.19Schmitterite
(UO
 
2
)[TeO
 
3
]
28.3.20Moctezumite
PbUO
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
2
28.3.21Emmonsite
Fe
3+
2
[TeO
 
3
]
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
28.3.22Blakeite
Fe
3+
2
[TeO
 
3
]
 
3
 (?)
28.3.23Mackayite
Fe
3+
 
[OH|Te
4+
2
O
 
5
]
28.3.24Poughite
Fe
3+
2
[SO
 
4
|(TeO
 
3
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
28.3.25Sonoraite
Fe
3+
 
[OH|TeO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
28.3.26Rodalquilarite
H
 
3
Fe
 
2
(TeO
 
3
)
 
4
Cl
28.3.27Eztlite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
10
|(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)
 
3
|Te
6+
 
O
 
6
] · 8H
 
2
O

Other Names for Keystoneite

Synonyms:
IMA1987-049Keystoneite (of Back et al.)
Other Languages:
German:Keystoneit
Spanish:Keystoneita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Keystoneite

Reference List:Back, M.E., Roberts, A.C., LePage, Y., Mandarino, J.A. (1988): Keystoneite, a new tellurite from the Keystone mine, Colorado, U.S.A. Joint Meeting Geological Association of Canada – Mineralogical Association of Canada, Program and Abstracts, 13, A4.

Miletich, R. (1995): Crystal chemistry of the microporous tellurite
minerals zemannite and kinichilite, Mg0.5[Me2+Fe3+(TeO3)3]•4.5H2O, (Me2+ = Zn, Mn). European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 509-523.

Internet Links for Keystoneite

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    Localities for Keystoneite

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