Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

Khinite

A valid IMA mineral species

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.

Photos of Khinite (92)

Khinite Gallery Search Photos of Khinite

Edit Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Khinite

Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, Baker, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Khinite-3T

Empire Mine, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA

Khinite

Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, Baker, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Khinite

Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, Baker, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Khinite-3T

Empire Mine, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA

Khinite

Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, Baker, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Khinite

Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, Baker, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Khinite-3T

Empire Mine, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About KhiniteHide

Formula:

Pb²⁺Cu²⁺₃[Te⁶⁺O₆](OH)₂

Colour:

Dark green to bottle green

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

6.5 - 7.0

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named in honor of BaSaw Khin (b. 1931, Burma), a mineralogist with Phelps Dodge Corporation, USA. He found the first specimens of parakhinite.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Old Guard Mine, Tombstone, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA

Two polytypes are known, khinite-4O (orthorhombic) and khinite-3T (trigonal). The two polytypes have different stackings of otherwise identical layers of composition [Cu3(TeO6)(OH)2]2-, with Pb2+ cations between the layers.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2199

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2199:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

342ad99e-867c-4570-b98c-87c0e7263412

IMA Classification of KhiniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Cu²⁺₃PbTe⁶⁺O₆(OH)₂

Approval year:

1978

First published:

1978

Type description reference:

Williams, S.A. (1978) Khinite, parakhinite, and dugganite, three new tellurates from Tombstone, AZ. American Mineralogist: 63: 1016-1019.

Classification of KhiniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.FD.30

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra

Dana 7th ed.:

33.1.3.1

Dana 8th ed.:

33.1.3.1

33 : SELENATES AND TELLURATES
1 : (AB)_m(XO₄)_pZ_q

Hey's CIM Ref.:

28.4.8

28 : Selenites, Selenates, Tellurites, and Tellurates
4 : Tellurates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Khn	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KhiniteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Dark green to bottle green

Streak:

Vivid green

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair
On {001}

Density:

6.5 - 7.0 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.29 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Thoulet's method

Optical Data of KhiniteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 2.110 n_β = 2.112 n_γ = 2.165

2V:

Measured: 20° , Calculated: 24°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.055

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Dispersion:

strong

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

Rich yellowish green (Y,Z), vivid emerald green (X)
Z = Y > X

Chemistry of KhiniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb²⁺Cu²⁺₃[Te⁶⁺O₆](OH)₂

Elements listed:

Cu, H, O, Pb, Te - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of KhiniteHide

Polytype:

Formula:

Crystal System:

Class (H-M)

Space Group:

Space Group Setting:

Cell Parameters:

Ratio:

Unit Cell Volume (calc):

Khinite-3T	Khinite-4O
Pb²⁺Cu²⁺₃Te⁶⁺O₆(OH)₂
Trigonal	Orthorhombic
3 - Pyramidal	mm2 - Pyramidal
P3₂	Fdd2

a = 5.765(2) Å, c = 18.001(9) Å	a = 5.7491(10) Å, b = 10.0176(14) Å, c = 24.022(3) Å
a:c = 1 : 3.122	a:b:c = 0.574 : 1 : 2.398
V 518 Å³	V 1383.6 Å³
3	8

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow

Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0005428	Khinite	Burns P C, Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1995) Parakhinite, Cu3PbTeO6(OH)2: Crystal structure and revision of chemical formula formerly known as parakhinite The Canadian Mineralogist 33 33-40	1995		293
0014583	Khinite	Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C, Back M E (2008) The crystal structure of khinite and polytypism in khinite and parakhinite Mineralogical Magazine 72 763-770	2008	the Empire mine, Tombstone, Arizona, USA	293
0014584	Khinite	Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C, Back M E (2008) The crystal structure of khinite and polytypism in khinite and parakhinite Mineralogical Magazine 72 763-770	2008	the Empire mine, Tombstone, Arizona, USA	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Khinite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Burns P C'
'Cooper M A'
'Hawthorne F C'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 33 
_journal_year 1995
_journal_page_first 33
_journal_page_last 40
_publ_section_title
;
 Parakhinite, Cu3PbTeO6(OH)2: Crystal structure and revision of chemical formula
 Note: This mineral is now known as the -3T polytype of khinite,
 formerly known as parakhinite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005428
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb Te Cu3 O8 H2'
_cell_length_a 5.765
_cell_length_b 5.765
_cell_length_c 18.001
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 518.115
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.302
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 32'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-y,x-y,2/3+z'
  '-x+y,-x,1/3+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb   0.33310   0.16590   0.18830   0.00950
Te   0.32960   0.16610  -0.01670   0.00030
Cu1   0.83300   0.65900  -0.27330   0.00120
Cu2   0.32600   0.66000   0.05920   0.00060
Cu3  -0.17700   0.66000  -0.01550   0.00050
O1   0.57500   0.41300  -0.08200   0.00100
O2   0.08000   0.90900  -0.08400   0.00270
O3   0.49700   0.98000  -0.01200   0.00360
O4   0.57600   0.41200   0.05900   0.00060
O5   0.11800   0.36400  -0.01500   0.00860
O6   0.07600   0.91100   0.05800   0.00100
O-H7   0.56100   0.91600   0.13400   0.00150
O-H8   0.08100   0.41300   0.13200   0.00190

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]

Type Occurrence of KhiniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Old Guard Mine, Tombstone, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Deeply etched curved or barrel shaped bipyramids.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, numbers 1980,541 and 1980,543.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, numbers 164352.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Tellurium-bearing dumps.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Tenorite	Quetzalcoatlite	Quartz	Gold	Dugganite
Chrysocolla	Chlorargyrite

Reference:

Williams, S.A. (1978) Khinite, parakhinite, and dugganite, three new tellurates from Tombstone, AZ. American Mineralogist: 63: 1016-1019.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/AM63_1016.pdf

Synonyms of KhiniteHide

IMA1978-035

Other Language Names for KhiniteHide

German:Khinit

Spanish:Khinita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

31 photos of Khinite associated with Timroseite	Pb₂Cu₅(TeO₆)₂(OH)₂
30 photos of Khinite associated with Gold	Au
30 photos of Khinite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
24 photos of Khinite associated with Thorneite	Pb₆(Te⁶⁺₂O₁₀)(CO₃)Cl₂(H₂O)
10 photos of Khinite associated with Chlorargyrite	AgCl
8 photos of Khinite associated with Cerussite	PbCO₃
6 photos of Khinite associated with Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
5 photos of Khinite associated with Housleyite	Pb₆CuTe⁶⁺₄O₁₈(OH)₂
4 photos of Khinite associated with Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
4 photos of Khinite associated with Eckhardite	(Ca,Pb)Cu²⁺Te⁶⁺O₅(H₂O)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.FD.05	Spertiniite	Cu(OH)₂	Orth. mm2 : Cmc2₁
4.FD.10	Bracewellite	CrO(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FD.10	Diaspore	AlO(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FD.10	Groutite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.FD.10	Guyanaite	CrO(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FD.10	Montroseite	(V³⁺,Fe³⁺)O(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FD.10	Tsumgallite	GaO(OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.FD.15	Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.FD.20	Yttrotungstite-(Y)	YW₂O₆(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.FD.20	Yttrotungstite-(Ce)	(Ce,Nd,Y)W₂O₆(OH)₃	Mon. 2 : P2₁
4.FD.25	Frankhawthorneite	Cu₂Te⁶⁺O₄(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m
4.FD.30	Khinite-3T	Pb²⁺Cu²⁺₃Te⁶⁺O₆(OH)₂	Trig. 3 : P3₂
4.FD.30	Housleyite	Pb₆CuTe⁶⁺₄O₁₈(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m

Fluorescence of KhiniteHide

In UV light:

None

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Quickly dissolves in even mildly alkaline water.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KhiniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2199.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

Look for Khinite on Google

Look for Khinite images on Google

Look for Khinite on Bing

Look for Khinite images on Bing

Look for Khinite on DuckDuckGo

Look for Khinite images on DuckDuckGo

Look for Khinite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Khinite on Webmineral

Look for Khinite on Wikipedia

Look for Khinite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from David K Joyce minerals

Wilensky Exquisite Minerals

Blue Gems Australian & International

Buy rare minerals from Excalibur Minerals

High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service

Fine Minerals from Weinrich Minerals, Inc.

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

Buy from McDougall Minerals

References for KhiniteHide

Reference List:

Williams, S.A. (1978) Khinite, parakhinite, and dugganite, three new tellurates from Tombstone, AZ. American Mineralogist: 63: 1016-1019.

Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C., Back, M. E. (2008) The crystal structure of khinite and polytypism in khinite and parakhinite. Mineralogical Magazine, 72 (3) 763-770 doi:10.1180/minmag.2008.072.3.763

Hawthorne, F. C., Cooper, M. A., Back, M. E. (2009) Khinite-4O (= khinite) and khinite-3T (= parakhinite) The Canadian Mineralogist, 47 (2) 473-476 doi:10.3749/canmin.47.2.473

(2023) Khinite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for KhiniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Mexico
Sonora Moctezuma Municipality ⓘ Moctezuma	Lapis 2001 (1)
ⓘ ~~Guadalupe Mine~~	Maggie Wilson

USA
Arizona Cochise County Carr Canyon ⓘ Reef Mine	"The Accidental Pocket" talk presented ...
ⓘ Tombstone Mining District	Williams (1978) +1 other reference
ⓘ Empire Mine	Brent Thorne
ⓘ Lucky Cuss Mine area	Mike Scott S102329 from Cureton ex S. ...
Silver Plume Mine ⓘ Emerald Mine	Marek Chorazewicz (2023)
Tombstone ⓘ Old Guard Mine (TL)	Williams (1978) +1 other reference
California San Bernardino County Silver Lake Mining District Soda Mountains Baker ⓘ Otto Mountain	Kampf et al. (2010)
ⓘ Aga Mine	EDS and XRD confirmed. +1 other reference
ⓘ Aga Pit	Marek Chorazewicz (2019)
ⓘ Bird Nest drift	Joe Marty specimens. Kampf et al. (2010)
ⓘ Bird Nest E3	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ Library Mine	King (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ NE2 vein	Collected by and in the collection of ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Ridge Ledge prospect	Collected by and in the collection of ...
ⓘ SW cut	Collected by and in the collection of ...
Zzyzx ⓘ Blue Bell Mine	Collected by and in the collections of ...
ⓘ E-Site	Collected by and in the collection of ...
Nevada Lincoln County Delamar Mining District Delamar Mine ⓘ Mine dump	Kampf et al. (2022)
Utah Juab County Detroit Mining District ⓘ Wildcat Project	Miyawaki et al. (2019) +1 other reference
ⓘ High Grade Hill prospect	Coolbaugh et al. (2020)
Utah County East Tintic Mining District ⓘ Trixie Mine (Trixie shaft; Old Trump prospect)	SEM-EDS analyzed by Dr. Rob Bowell.

Khinite

About KhiniteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of KhiniteHide

Classification of KhiniteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of KhiniteHide

Optical Data of KhiniteHide

Chemistry of KhiniteHide

Crystallography of KhiniteHide

Crystal StructureHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of KhiniteHide

Synonyms of KhiniteHide

Other Language Names for KhiniteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of KhiniteHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for KhiniteHide

References for KhiniteHide

Localities for KhiniteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide