Lindgrenite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Lindgrenite
Waldemar Lindgren
Formula:
Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Colour:
Green, yellowish green; pale green to yellow-green in transmitted light
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
4.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by Charles Palache in 1935 in honour of Waldemar Lindgren [February 14, 1860 Kalmar, Sweden - November 3, 1939 Brighton, Massachusetts, USA], Swedish-American economic geologist, professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a profound theorist on ore deposit formation.
A rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidised zones of molybdenum-bearing copper deposits.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2405
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2405:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e500dcb5-8043-4a21-befa-a073fbefdaa5
IMA Classification of Lindgrenite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)2
First published:
1935
Type description reference:
Classification of Lindgrenite
7.GB.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
B : With additional anions and/or H2O
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
B : With additional anions and/or H2O
48.3.1.1
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
3 : Basic Anhydrous Molybdates and Tungstates
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
3 : Basic Anhydrous Molybdates and Tungstates
27.3.1
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lgr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Lindgrenite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Green, yellowish green; pale green to yellow-green in transmitted light
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}, perfect; on {101} and {100}, very poor.
On {010}, perfect; on {101} and {100}, very poor.
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
4.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.29 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Lindgrenite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.930 nβ = 2.002 nγ = 2.020
2V:
Measured: 71° , Calculated: 50°
Birefringence:
0.090
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.090
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
Z ∧ c = 9°.
Chemistry of Lindgrenite
Mindat Formula:
Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Lindgrenite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.394 Å, b = 14.023 Å, c = 5.608 Å
β = 98.5°
β = 98.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.385 : 1 : 0.4
Unit Cell V:
419.53 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals tabular or platy {010}, exhibiting {010}, which may be striated parallel [001]. Also may exhibit forms {100}, {021}, and several others. Rarely acicular along [101] with a square outline; crusts; massive.
Forms include {001}, {010}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {210}, {012}, {101}, {111}, {113}, {111}, {121}. {121}, {131}.
Forms include {001}, {010}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {210}, {012}, {101}, {111}, {113}, {111}, {121}. {121}, {131}.
Comment:
Space group = P21/n
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005073 | Lindgrenite | Calvert L D, Barnes W H (1957) The structure of lindgrenite The Canadian Mineralogist 6 31-51 |  | 1957 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018341 | Lindgrenite | Bao R L, Kong Z P, Cu M, Yue B, Weng L H, He H Y (2006) Hydrothermal synthesis and thermal stability of natural mineral lindgrenite Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 22 679-683 | 2006 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014795 | Lindgrenite | Hawthorne F C, Eby R K (1985) Refinement of the crystal structure of lindgrenite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1985 234-240 | 1985 | Chuquicamata, Chile | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.16 Å | (50) |
| 3.58 Å | (30) |
| 3.52 Å | (100) |
| 3.48 Å | (70) |
| 2.78 Å | (20) |
| 2.72 Å | (30) |
| 2.68 Å | (40) |
| 2.67 Å | (20) |
Comments:
36-0405.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Lindgrenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thin green plates, with brilliant facets on their edges to a maximum diameter of about 4 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England: #1936,102.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #97527, 97528.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #97527, 97528.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of a copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Palache, C. (1935) Lindgrenite, a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 20: 484-491.
Other Language Names for Lindgrenite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 12 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 10 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| 9 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| 8 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| 5 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 4 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 3 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| 3 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Szenicsite | Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4 |
| 3 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Lindgrenite associated with Shale |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.GB. | Wangpuite | K3(PO4)(Mo12O36) |
| 7.GB. | Natromolybdite | Na2MoO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.GB. | Ootannite | Th4+2W6+4O16 · 5H2O |
| 7.GB.10 | Szenicsite | Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.GB.15 | Cuprotungstite | Cu2(WO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.GB.15 | UM1999-38-WO:CrV | (V, Cr, W, O, H) [V:Cr:W ratio about 2:1:3] |
| 7.GB.15 | Huenite | Cu4(MoO4)3(OH)2 |
| 7.GB.20 | Phyllotungstite | (H2O,M)x(W,Fe)(O,OH)3 · yH2O (M = Ca, Cs, Pb or K) |
| 7.GB.25 | Rankachite | Ca0.5(V4+,V5+)(W6+,Fe3+)2O8(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.GB.30 | Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| 7.GB.35 | Anthoinite | AlWO3(OH)3 |
| 7.GB.35 | Mpororoite | WAlO3(OH)3 · 2(H2O) |
| 7.GB.40 | Obradovicite-KCu | [K2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 7.GB.45 | Mendozavilite-NaFe | [Na2(H2O)15Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O35(OH)2] |
| 7.GB.45 | Paramendozavilite | [KAl4(H2O)30][Mo12P6Fe3+6O60(OH)13] |
| 7.GB.45 | Obradovicite-NaCu | Na2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 7.GB.45 | Obradovicite-NaNa | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4] |
| 7.GB.50 | Tancaite-(Ce) | FeCe(MoO4)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.GB.50 | Mendozavilite-NaCu | [Na2(H2O)15Cu(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 7.GB.50 | Mendozavilite-KCa | [K2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 7.GB.60 | Peterandresenite | Mn4Nb6O19 · 14H2O |
| 7.GB.60 | Melcherite | Ba2Na2Mg[Nb6O19] · 6H2O |
| 7.GB.60 | Hansesmarkite | Ca2Mn2Nb6O19 · 20H2O |
| 7.GB.65 | Ichnusaite | Th(MoO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 7.GB.70 | Markascherite | Cu3(MoO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.GB.75 | Nuragheite | Th(MoO4)2 · H2O |
| 7.GB.80 | Ophirite | Ca2Mg4[Zn2Mn3+2(H2O)2(Fe3+W9O34)2] · 46H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl and HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Lindgrenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2405.html
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References for Lindgrenite
Reference List:
Bandy, Mark C. (1938) Mineralogy of three sulphate deposits of northern Chile. American Mineralogist, 23 (11) 669-760
Barnes, William H. (1949) The unit cell and space group of lindgrenite. American Mineralogist, 34 (3-4) 163-172
Localities for Lindgrenite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| A.Molina & M. Dini collections - ... |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference |
| pers. comm. T. Szenics to C. Lemanski (2006) |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter |
| Royal Ontario Museum |
Europe | |
| Sejkora et al. (2023) |
France | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Japan | |
| Miyazaki et al (2000) |
Morocco | |
| Favreau et al. (2019) |
Norway | |
| Raade (1983) +1 other reference |
| Raade (1983) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1955) +3 other references |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Reed et al. (1962) | |
| Galbraith (1959) +2 other references | |
| Schaller (1932) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Dunning et al. (2005) | |
| Kampf et al. (2019) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:244 |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (1995) |
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San Samuel Mine, Carrera Pinto, Cachiyuyo de Llampos mining district, Copiapó, Copiapó Province, Atacama, Chile