Marokite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Marokite
Formula:
CaMn3+2O4
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
4.64
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
For the first occurrence in Morocco, Maroc in French.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2578
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2578:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
73d17d3b-e650-46aa-935f-3e0e49f19f30
IMA Classification of Marokite
Approved
First published:
1963
Classification of Marokite
4.BC.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
C : With medium-sized and large cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7.2.10.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.4.15
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mro | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Marokite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Reddish brown
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=800 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100} Perfect, {001} Good
{100} Perfect, {001} Good
Density:
4.64 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.63 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Marokite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
Anisotropism:
Strong: yellowish green to greenish yellow
Bireflectance:
Yellowish gray to gray-brown
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R |
|---|---|
| 400nm | 20.2–22.9% |
| 420nm | 19.3–21.9% |
| 440nm | 18.4–20.9% |
| 460nm | 17.7–20.0% |
| 480nm | 17.0–19.3% |
| 500nm | 16.5–18.7% |
| 520nm | 16.2–18.3% |
| 540nm | 16.0–18.2% |
| 560nm | 16.0–18.4% |
| 580nm | 16.0–18.7% |
| 600nm | 15.9–18.6% |
| 620nm | 15.7–18.3% |
| 640nm | 15.5–18.0% |
| 660nm | 15.4–17.8% |
| 680nm | 15.2–17.5% |
| 700nm | 15.1–17.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 20.2–22.9%.
Colour in reflected light:
Gray to brown
Internal Reflections:
Dark red, carmine red
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = c = safflower-red; Y and Z = opaque (very dark red in very thin sections)
Chemistry of Marokite
Mindat Formula:
CaMn3+2O4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Marokite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.71(2) Å, b = 10.03(2) Å, c = 3.162(5) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.968 : 1 : 0.315
Unit Cell V:
307.95 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic, flattened on {010}, with {120}, {110}, {201}, and {011}.
Comment:
Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m or mm2.; Space Group: Pmab or P21ab.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012829 | Marokite | Zouari S, Ranno L, Cheikh-Rouhou A, Isnard O, Pernet M, Wolfers P, Strobel P (2003) New model for the magnetic structure of the marokite-type oxide CaMn2O4 Journal of Alloys and Compounds 353 5-11 | 2003 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012830 | Marokite | Zouari S, Ranno L, Cheikh-Rouhou A, Isnard O, Pernet M, Wolfers P, Strobel P (2003) New model for the magnetic structure of the marokite-type oxide CaMn2O4 Journal of Alloys and Compounds 353 5-11 | 2003 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014005 | Marokite | Ling C D, Neumeier J J, Argyriou D N (2001) Observation of antiferromagnetism in marokite CaMn2O4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 160 167-173 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014006 | Marokite | Ling C D, Neumeier J J, Argyriou D N (2001) Observation of antiferromagnetism in marokite CaMn2O4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 160 167-173 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.71 Å | (vs) |
| 2.22 Å | (vs) |
| 2.29 Å | (s) |
| 2.07 Å | (s) |
| 2.87 Å | (m) |
| 2.56 Å | (m) |
| 1.63 Å | (m) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Marokite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Prismatic crystals to 5 cm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey, Rabat, Morocco.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Manganese deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Gaudefroy, C., Jouravsky, G., Permingeat, F. (1963) La marokite, CaMn2O4 une nouvelle éspèce minérale. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie: 86: 359-67.
Synonyms of Marokite
Other Language Names for Marokite
Relationship of Marokite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Ellinaite | CaCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Harmunite | CaFe2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm |
| Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
| Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Marokite associated with Henritermierite | Ca3Mn3+2(SiO4)2[◻(OH)4] |
| 2 photos of Marokite associated with Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 1 photo of Marokite associated with Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.BC. | Addibischoffite | Ca2Al6Al6O20 |
| 4.BC. | Ellinaite | CaCr2O4 |
| 4.BC.10 | Dmitryivanovite | CaAl2O4 |
| 4.BC.15 | Warkite | Ca2Sc6Al6O20 |
| 4.BC.25 | Kudryavtsevaite | Na3(Mg,Fe)(Fe,Ti)2Ti3O12 |
| 4.BC.30 | Tululite | Ca14(Fe3+,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe3+,Si,P,Mn,Mg)15O36 |
| 4.BC.30 | Valleyite | Ca4Fe6O13 |
| 4.BC.35 | Krotite | CaAl2O4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Marokite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2578.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Marokite
Reference List:
Gaudefroy, Christophe, Jouravsky, Georges, Permingeat, François (1963) La marokite, CaMn2O4, une nouvelle espèce minérale. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 86 (4) 359-367 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1963.5665
Localities for Marokite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Schäfer (2016) |
| Blaß (2020) |
India | |
| Mallick et al. (2005, March) |
Morocco (TL) | |
| Gaudefroy et al. (1963) |
Russia | |
| Palchik et al. (2014) |
South Africa | |
| de Villiers et al. (1968) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Von Bezing (1991) +1 other reference | |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
USA | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
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Tachgagalt Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco