Pararobertsite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Pararobertsite
Formula:
Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Colour:
Bronze, cinnamon brown, yellow, dark red
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.22
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1988 by Andrew C. Roberts, B. Darko Sturman, Pete J. Dunn, and Willard L. Roberts, from the Greek 'para' for near, and robertsite, for the polymorphic relationship with that mineral.
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3108
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3108:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2335f57d-e6ba-471d-b80e-3527d1e8bc53
IMA Classification of Pararobertsite
Approved
Approval year:
1987
First published:
1989
Classification of Pararobertsite
8.DH.30
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
Dana 7th ed.:
42.8.5.2
42.8.5.2
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
19.12.7
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Prb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pararobertsite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Bronze, cinnamon brown, yellow, dark red
Comment:
Usually dark red to cinnamon brown
Streak:
Brown-red
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100}
on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pararobertsite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.791(1) nβ = 1.811(1) nγ = 1.831(1)
2V:
Measured: 84° , Calculated: 85° to 88°
Birefringence:
0.040
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
extreme
Optical Extinction:
Z^c = 4°
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = yellowish brown; Y = Z = reddish brown
Comments:
Absorption: Z = Y > X
Chemistry of Pararobertsite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Crystallography of Pararobertsite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.825(3) Å, b = 13.258(4) Å, c = 11.087(3) Å
β = 101.19(4)°
β = 101.19(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.666 : 1 : 0.836
Unit Cell V:
1272.54 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Triangular to pseudo-rhombohedral plates, sometimes rhombic plates.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002513 | Pararobertsite | Kampf A R (2000) The crystal structure of pararobertsite and its relationship to mitridatite American Mineralogist 85 1302-1306 | 2000 | Tip Top pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
8.69 Å | (100) |
5.66 Å | (60) |
5.44 Å | (50) |
2.884 Å | (60) |
2.772 Å | (70) |
2.611 Å | (60) |
2.163 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) |
Geological Setting:
Fracture fillings in late-stage mineralization in a phosphate-rich granite pegmatite.
Type Occurrence of Pararobertsite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thin red transparent single plates, or clusters of plates, on whitlockite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M43771.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 149606.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 149606.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In secondary seams ina complex, zoned pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Roberts, Andrew C., Sturman, B. Darko, Dunn, P. J., and Roberts, Willard, L. (1989) Pararobertsite, Ca2 Mn3+3 (PO4 )3 )2 .3H2 ), a New Mineral Species from the Tip Top Pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota, and its Relationship to Robertsite. Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 451-455.
Synonyms of Pararobertsite
Other Language Names for Pararobertsite
Relationship of Pararobertsite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Pararobertsite associated with Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.DH. | Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
8.DH. | Rowleyite | [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl] |
8.DH. | Ammoniotinsleyite | (NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
8.DH. | Thebaite-(NH4) | (NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O) |
8.DH. | Dendoraite-(NH4) | (NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2 |
8.DH. | Whiteite-(MnMnMn) | Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH. | Whiteite-(CaMnFe) | CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH. | Hochleitnerite | Mn2Ti3(PO4)4O2(H2O)2 · 14H2O |
8.DH. | Regerite | KFe6(PO4)4(OH)7(H2O)6 · 4H2O |
8.DH. | Hydroxylbenyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O |
8.DH. | Macraeite | K(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O |
8.DH.05 | Minyulite | KAl2(PO4)2F · 4H2O |
8.DH.10 | Leucophosphite | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
8.DH.10 | Spheniscidite | (NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
8.DH.10 | Tinsleyite | KAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Keckite | CaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O |
8.DH.15 | Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Kaluginite | (Mn2+,Ca)MgFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaFeFe) | {Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaFeMg) | NaFe3+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaMnMg) | {(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMgMg) | {Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(MnMnMg) | MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnMg) | Mn2+Mn2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaFeMg) | CaFe2+Mg2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnFe) | Mn2+Mn2+Fe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaMgMg) | CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnZn) | Mn2+Mn2+Zn2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaMnMn) | NaMn2+(Mn2+Fe3+)Σ2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnZn) | CaMn2+Zn2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.20 | Lun'okite | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2O |
8.DH.20 | Manganosegelerite | (Mn2+,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
8.DH.20 | Overite | CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
8.DH.20 | Segelerite | Ca2 Mg2 Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
8.DH.20 | Wilhelmvierlingite | CaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
8.DH.20 | Juonniite | CaMgSc(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
8.DH.25 | Calcioferrite | Ca2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH) · 7H2O |
8.DH.25 | Kingsmountite | Ca3MnFeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
8.DH.25 | Montgomeryite | Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
8.DH.25 | Zodacite | Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
8.DH.25 | Fanfaniite | Ca4MnAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
8.DH.30 | Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
8.DH.30 | Kolfanite | Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2O |
8.DH.30 | Mitridatite | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
8.DH.30 | Robertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
8.DH.30 | Sailaufite | (Ca,Na,◻)2Mn3+3(AsO4)2(CO3)O2 · 3H2O |
8.DH.35 | Mantienneite | KMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2O |
8.DH.35 | Paulkerrite | K(Mg,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Al,Ti,Mg)2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2O |
8.DH.35 | Benyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
8.DH.40 | Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
8.DH.45 | Mahnertite | NaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2O |
8.DH.50 | Andyrobertsite | KCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O |
8.DH.50 | Calcioandyrobertsite | KCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O |
8.DH.55 | Englishite | K3Na2Ca10Al15(PO4)21(OH)7 · 26H2O |
8.DH.60 | Bouazzerite | Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe3+14(AsO4)18(OH)4O12 · 86H2O |
8.DH.65 | Galliskiite | Ca4Al2(PO4)2F8 · 5H2O |
8.DH.70 | Joteite | Ca2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
8.DH.75 | Kampelite | Ba6Mg3Sc8(PO4)12(OH)6 · 7H2O |
8.DH.80 | Kapundaite | NaCaFe4(PO4)4(OH)3 · 5H2O |
8.DH.85 | Vaniniite | Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Pararobertsite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pararobertsite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3108.html
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References for Pararobertsite
Reference List:
Roberts, A. C., Sturman, B. D., Dunn, P. J., Roberts, W. L. (1989) Pararobertsite, Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2·3H2O, a New Mineral Species from the Tip Top Pegmatite, Custer County, South Dakota, and its Relationship to Robertsite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 27 (3) 451-455
Localities for Pararobertsite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
USA (TL) | |
| Roberts et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
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Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA