Phosphosiderite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Phosphosiderite
Formula:
FePO4 · 2H2O
Colour:
Purple to reddish violet, rose-red, peachy-pink, brownish yellow, moss-green, colourless; rose to colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.74 - 2.76
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Originally found by Alfred Lewis Oliver Legrand Des Cloizeaux in 1858, but designated "type I hureaulite". Named in 1890 by Willy Bruhns and Karl Heinrich Emil Georg Busz for its composition, being a PHOSPHate, and from the Greek σίδηρος "SIDERos" for iron. Alfred LaCroix introduced vilateite in 1910, while Duncan McConnel described clinobarrandite in 1940. Metastrengite was named by Palache, Berman, and Frondel in 1951 as the original phosphosiderite was described as a orthorhombic mineral.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Visit gemdat.org for Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3187
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3187:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
68c6044e-7bae-4220-bd06-85d5829132ac
IMA Classification of Phosphosiderite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+(PO4) · 2H2O
First published:
1890
Classification of Phosphosiderite
8.CD.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2
40.4.3.2
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O
19.13.3
19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone
19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Phsd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Phosphosiderite
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Purple to reddish violet, rose-red, peachy-pink, brownish yellow, moss-green, colourless; rose to colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {010}, good; on {001}, indistinct.
On {010}, good; on {001}, indistinct.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.74 - 2.76 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.72(1) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Phosphosiderite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.692 - 1.703 nβ = 1.725 - 1.728 nγ = 1.738 - 1.739
2V:
Measured: 62° to 66°, Calculated: 62°
Birefringence:
0.046
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.046
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v, very strong
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; X ∧ c = ∼4°.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = light rose; Y = carmine-red; Z = colourless.
Chemistry of Phosphosiderite
Mindat Formula:
FePO4 · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Al,Mn
Crystallography of Phosphosiderite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.329 Å, b = 9.798 Å, c = 8.712 Å
β = 90.51°
β = 90.51°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.544 : 1 : 0.889
Unit Cell V:
454.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {010} or stout prismatic [001]. Also occurs as botryoidal or reniform masses and crusts with a radial-fibrous structure.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {010}, {101}, {110}, {210}, {410}, {710}, {111}, {771}, {011}, {034}, {041}.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {010}, {101}, {110}, {210}, {410}, {710}, {111}, {771}, {011}, {034}, {041}.
Twinning:
On {101}, commonly as interpenetration twins.
Comment:
Space Group: P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000144 | Phosphosiderite | Moore P B (1966) The crystal structure of metastrengite and its relationship to strengite and phosphophyllite American Mineralogist 51 168-176 |  | 1966 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012325 | Phosphosiderite | Taxer K, Bartl H (2004) On the dimorphy between the variscite and clinovariscite group: refined finestructural relationship of strengite and clinostrengite, Fe(PO4)*2H2O Crystal Research and Technology 39 1080-1088 | 2004 | Kreuzberg, Pleystein, Barvaria | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.532 Å | (15) |
| 4.912 Å | (35) |
| 4.689 Å | (100) |
| 4.573 Å | (20) |
| 4.363 Å | (75) |
| 4.271 Å | (1) |
| 4.118 Å | (20) |
| 3.983 Å | (3) |
| 3.610 Å | (50) |
| 3.341 Å | (10) |
| 3.202 Å | (3) |
| 2.787 Å | (85) |
| 2.666 Å | (5) |
| 2.647 Å | (4) |
| 2.572 Å | (40) |
| 2.541 Å | (7) |
| 2.461 Å | (7) |
| 2.342 Å | (8) |
| 2.283 Å | (3) |
| 2.256 Å | (10) |
| 2.227 Å | (5) |
| 2.180 Å | (3) |
| 2.155 Å | (3) |
| 2.127 Å | (10) |
| 2.068 Å | (4) |
| 2.013 Å | (25) |
| 2.007 Å | (20) |
| 1.9876 Å | (3b) |
| 1.9102 Å | (1) |
| 1.8390 Å | (3) |
| 1.8295 Å | (3) |
| 1.8157 Å | (6) |
| 1.7643 Å | (7) |
| 1.7373 Å | (2) |
| 1.7165 Å | (7) |
| 1.7108 Å | (6) |
| 1.6886 Å | (5) |
| 1.6699 Å | (16) |
| 1.6607 Å | (4) |
| 1.6378 Å | (5) |
| 1.6333 Å | (7) |
| 1.5995 Å | (1) |
| 1.5789 Å | (6) |
| 1.5635 Å | (4) |
| 1.5552 Å | (7) |
| 1.5364 Å | (5) |
| 1.5279 Å | (10) |
| 1.5036 Å | (5) |
| 1.4914 Å | (7) |
| 1.4379 Å | (4) |
Comments:
ICDD 33-666; See also 33-666a with 15 line to 1.1011 (2)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Geological Setting:
Alteration product of triphylite in granitic pegmatites, soils, replcement mineral in bones and shells.
Type Occurrence of Phosphosiderite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystalline aggregates. Crystals to 4 cm, but with a rough surface and stepped structure.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 108232 (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alteration product of triphylite.
Reference:
Bruhns, Willy and Busz, Karl Heinrich Emil Georg (1890) Phosphosiderit, ein neues mineral von der Grube Kalterborn bei Eiserfeld im Siegenschen. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 17: 555-560.
Synonyms of Phosphosiderite
Other Language Names for Phosphosiderite
Italian:Fosfosiderite
Portuguese:Fosfosiderite
Russian:Фосфосидерит
Меташтренгит
Меташтренгит
Simplified Chinese:斜红磷铁矿
Spanish:Fosfosiderita
Metastrengita
Metastrengita
Traditional Chinese:斜紅磷鐵礦
Varieties of Phosphosiderite
| Vilateite | Identity uncertain but apparently a manganese-bearing phosphosiderite. |
Relationship of Phosphosiderite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Bonacinaite | Sc(AsO4) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 135 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 78 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Rockbridgeite | Fe2+Fe3+4(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| 43 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 39 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 38 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 36 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Hureaulite | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 33 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 27 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 26 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 26 photos of Phosphosiderite associated with Benyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CD. | Castellaroite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD. | Sergeysmirnovite | MgZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Metavariscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.05 | Bonacinaite | Sc(AsO4) · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Mansfieldite | AlAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.10 | Yanomamite | InAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.15 | Parascorodite | FeAsO4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CD.20 | Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.25 | Sterlinghillite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.CD.30 | Rollandite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CD.35 | Liversidgeite | Zn6(PO4)4 · 7H2O |
| 8.CD.40 | Thorasphite | Th2H(PO4,AsO4)3 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Becomes yellow and opaque when heated in a glass tube and gives off water without decrepitating.
Fuses easily to form a black magnetic ball.
Fuses easily to form a black magnetic ball.
Notes:
Totally soluble in HCl, nearly insoluble in HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Phosphosiderite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3187.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Phosphosiderite
Reference List:
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Localities for Phosphosiderite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Kampf et al. (2010) |
| Biglia et al. (2021) |
| Dina (1993) |
| American Mineralogist (1978) +2 other references | |
| Galliski (1983) +1 other reference |
| Galliski et al. (2002) | |
| OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) |
Australia | |
| Cédrick Gineste Collection |
| Francis (2010) |
| Brugger et al. (2003) +2 other references |
| Brian Beyer via John Toma (IDs at SA Museum?) |
| Francis et al. (self published) |
| Kampf et al. (2018) |
| Elliott et al. (2023) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Eagle et al. (2015) |
| Birch (2018) |
| Eagle et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| |
Austria | |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) +1 other reference |
| Postl W et al. (2022) |
Belgium | |
| Van Tassel (1966) +6 other references |
| Van Tassel (1959) +4 other references |
| perso.infonie.be (2004) |
| Van Tassel (1985) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Joy Desor analyses by EDS and Raman |
Brazil | |
| Queiroz (2016) | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| sergio varvello | |
| Baijot et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
| Scholz et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
| Atencio et al. (2004) | |
| Mineralogical Record 24: 384-385 | |
| Jhonatan Gomes minerals collection |
| Menezes Filho et al. (2019) | |
| A. M. I. Martins collection | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1981) |
| Atencio et al. (2004) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Atencio et al. (2006) |
| Piló et al. (2023) |
| Piló et al. (2023) | |
| Piló et al. (2023) |
| Figueira et al. (2019) | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1991) |
| Murdoch (1955) |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection | |
| Amores et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Cameroon | |
| F. Pillard : "Contribution à l'étude de l'altération de la vivianite : cas de la vivianite d'Anloua (Cameroun) |
Canada | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| 150-152. +2 other references | |
Chile | |
| Norman King |
| Numerous collections (gem material) | |
China | |
| Aiping Shi and Lili Yu (2012) |
Colombia | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Vrtiška L. et al. (2018) |
| Černý et al. (Weisser Stein) |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) | |
| Prachař +6 other references |
| Vrtiška L et al. (2019) |
| Č +4 other references |
| Janouš +4 other references |
| Vrtiška L et al. (2017) |
| Škoda +3 other references |
Europe | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) | |
Finland | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference | |
| FONTAN F (1976) |
| Boisson (1988) |
| Limoges University | |
| Seaman (1976) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Boisson (1988) | |
| Chatenet F.-X. Boisson J.-M. Husson F. Patureau J. Lebocey J. (2008) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Obermüller et al. (1993) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Fehr et al. (1985) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Pöllmann et al. (2005) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß (2002) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Blaß et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral Species ... +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
Hungary | |
| HOM Database |
| collector: Péter Gál |
Ireland | |
| Steiger et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| luigi chiappino specimen +1 other reference |
| Caboni F. et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| De Michele (1974) +2 other references |
| Vignola et al. (2018) |
Japan | |
| S. Matsubara (2000) |
| SHIMOBAYASHI et al. (2012) |
| Sakurai (1986) |
Liberia | |
| Axelrod et al. (1952) |
| a reconnaissance report. USGS Bulletin ... +2 other references |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1960) |
Mongolia | |
| Dostal et al. (2023) |
Morocco | |
| FRANSOLET (1987) |
| Favreau (2012) |
| Favreau (2012) | |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Neves et al. (1968) |
| Neves et al. (1968) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD of colourless, blocky crystals) +1 other reference | |
| Förch (1998) |
| P. Keller and O. von Knorring |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Stott (pers. notes) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Pedro Alves collection +1 other reference |
| Identified by C. Rewitzer |
| Pedro Alves collection. Characterized ... |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Pedro Alves collection | |
| |
| Self-collected by Pedro Alves. |
| Pedro Alves collection |
| Pedro Alves collection |
| 4 +4 other references |
| Neves (1960) |
| Am.Min. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Rui Nunes collection +1 other reference | |
| sergio varvello | |
| Rui Nunes 29th May |
| Rui Nunes 2010 +1 other reference |
| Identified in Rebentão Mine |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
| Correia Neves (1966) |
Russia | |
| Rychagov et al. (2017, November) |
| Richard Bayerl collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch, EDS-analysed by Joachim Gröbner) |
Rwanda | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1176 |
| Gallagher et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Martini (1978) |
| Martini (1978) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Roda-Robles et al. (1998) |
| Camprubí et al. (4) |
| Joan Rosell (2023) |
| Joan Rosell. RosellMinerals (2022) | |
| Díaz-Acha et al. (2022) |
| Díaz-Acha et al. (2022) | |
| Bosch +6 other references | |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997) |
| Gonzalez del Tánago J. (1985) |
| Viñals et al. (2011) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
Sweden | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
UK | |
| Sparrow (1989) +1 other reference |
| Livingstone (1980) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Min.Rec.:20 (5) |
| Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333 |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 70 (5) | |
| Leavens (1967) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals: 64: 297. |
| Rocks & Min.:64:297-298. |
| Min.Rec.: 18 (1987) |
| Fisher (2002) |
| Mineralogical Record (2002) |
| Field collected by Mark Mauthner | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Marc V. Hurst (2012) |
| Graves Mountain and Magruder Mine +1 other reference |
| Coveney et al. (1984) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Thompson et al. (2000) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Falster et al. (2019) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| King et al. (6) +1 other reference | |
| Self collected by Paul Gilmore. |
| Tim Blake and Scott Soucey specimens |
| Thompson et al. (2005) |
| Bernstein (1976) |
| MarekC pers. coll. 2015 |
| Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ... |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) |
| American Mineralogist 50:1698–1707 +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +3 other references | |
| Rocks & Min. +2 other references | |
| Smith (2005) | |
| Thompson et al. (2022) |
| Henderson (1980) |
| Locality description: "[...] all the ... | |
| Horton et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Campbell et al. (1985) |
| Loomis (2011) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Campbell et al. (1985) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) |
| J. Marty (1995) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Collection of Alex Earl | |
| Kearns et al. (2004) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Hawley (1934) |
Mars | |
| Treiman et al. (2023) |
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Bull Moose Mine, Custer, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA