Pyroxmangite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Pyroxmangite
Formula:
Mn2+SiO3
Colour:
Pink, red, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.61 - 3.80
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 1913 by William E. Ford and W. M. Bradley from PYROXene and MANGanese, in allusion to its structure and content of Manganese.
Polymorph of:
Pyroxferroite-Pyroxmangite Series.
Easily confused with rhodonite or vittinkiite; however, pyroxmangite is a high-temperature environment mineral and syntheses have shown that pyroxmangite of MnSiO3 composition is the high-pressure, low-temperature polymorph with respect to rhodonite of the same composition (Maresch & Mottana, 1976).
Both pyroxmangite and rhodonite may occur together (Sterling Mine, NJ, USA).
Compare mendigite and UM1975-18-SiO:Mn - the unnamed α-MnSiO3 phase from limestones of Polish Tatra Mts.
Note: "Type material" from Iva, South Carolina, USA, has been redefined as pyroxferroite, as it has Fe > Mn.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Pyroxmangite.
Easily confused with rhodonite or vittinkiite; however, pyroxmangite is a high-temperature environment mineral and syntheses have shown that pyroxmangite of MnSiO3 composition is the high-pressure, low-temperature polymorph with respect to rhodonite of the same composition (Maresch & Mottana, 1976).
Both pyroxmangite and rhodonite may occur together (Sterling Mine, NJ, USA).
Compare mendigite and UM1975-18-SiO:Mn - the unnamed α-MnSiO3 phase from limestones of Polish Tatra Mts.
Note: "Type material" from Iva, South Carolina, USA, has been redefined as pyroxferroite, as it has Fe > Mn.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Pyroxmangite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3327
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3327:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
244e972a-782a-4413-b01f-c6690c1e1759
IMA Classification of Pyroxmangite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Pyroxmangite
9.DO.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
O : Inosilicates with 7-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-periodic chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
O : Inosilicates with 7-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-periodic chains
65.6.1.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
6 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=7
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
6 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=7
14.18.35
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Pxm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Pxm | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Pxm | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Pyroxmangite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pink, red, brown
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {110}, {110}, (110) ^ (110) = 92° perfect; on {010}, {001} poor.
On {110}, {110}, (110) ^ (110) = 92° perfect; on {010}, {001} poor.
Density:
3.61 - 3.80 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.75 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pyroxmangite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.728 - 1.748 nβ = 1.730 - 1.742 nγ = 1.746 - 1.758
2V:
Measured: 37° to 46°, Calculated: 40° to 42°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.018
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Chemistry of Pyroxmangite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+SiO3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na,K,H2O
Crystallography of Pyroxmangite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.690 Å, b = 10.505 Å, c = 17.391 Å
α = 112.17°, β = 102.85°, γ = 82.93°
α = 112.17°, β = 102.85°, γ = 82.93°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.922 : 1 : 1.655
Unit Cell V:
1,596.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
14
Morphology:
Crystals commonly tabular on {001}; porphyroblastic; granular massive.
Twinning:
On {010} lamellar; on {001} simple, uncommon.
Comment:
Non-standard cell setting. Reduced cell is: a = 6.721, b = 7.603, c = 16.064 Å, α = 92.62, β = 96.43, γ = 94.13° (calculated from non-standard cell given by Narita et al., 1977). Reduced cell of sample structurally characterised by Pertlik (2000): a = 6.716, b = 7.603, c = 15.919 Å, α = 91.92, β = 96.13, γ = 94.70°.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001168 | Pyroxmangite | Pinckney L R, Burnham C W (1988) High-temperature crystal structure of pyroxmangite American Mineralogist 73 809-817 |  | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001169 | Pyroxmangite | Pinckney L R, Burnham C W (1988) High-temperature crystal structure of pyroxmangite American Mineralogist 73 809-817 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001170 | Pyroxmangite | Pinckney L R, Burnham C W (1988) High-temperature crystal structure of pyroxmangite American Mineralogist 73 809-817 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001171 | Pyroxmangite | Pinckney L R, Burnham C W (1988) High-temperature crystal structure of pyrxomangite American Mineralogist 73 809-817 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0004771 | Pyroxmangite | Zanazzi P F, Nestola F, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2008) Pyroxmangite: A high pressure single-crystal study Pressure = 1.24 GPa American Mineralogist 93 1921-1928 | | 2008 | Yokone-Yama, Awano Town, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 |
| 0004772 | Pyroxmangite | Zanazzi P F, Nestola F, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2008) Pyroxmangite: A high pressure single-crystal study Pressure = 3.57 GPa American Mineralogist 93 1921-1928 | | 2008 | Yokone-Yama, Awano Town, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.967 Å | (100) |
| 2.188 Å | (45) |
| 4.73 Å | (35) |
| 2.680 Å | (35) |
| 1.422 Å | (30) |
| 3.47 Å | (25) |
| 3.04 Å | (25) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Synonyms of Pyroxmangite
Other Language Names for Pyroxmangite
Relationship of Pyroxmangite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 23 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 16 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 15 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 13 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 12 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 12 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Gold | Au |
| 11 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 8 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 5 photos of Pyroxmangite associated with Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DO. | Braccoite | NaMn2+5[Si5As5+O17(OH)](OH) |
| 9.DO. | Illoqite-(Ce) | Na2NaBaCeZnSi6O17 |
| 9.DO.05 | Pyroxferroite | (Fe,Mn,Ca)SiO3 |
| 9.DO.10 | Pellyite | Ba2Ca(Fe,Mg)2Si6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Nordite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)(Sr,Ca)Na2(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Nordite-(La) | (La,Ce)(Sr,Ca)Na2(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Ferronordite-(Ce) | Na3SrCeFe2+Si6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Manganonordite-(Ce) | Na3SrCeMn2+Si6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Ferronordite-(La) | Na3Sr(La,Ce)FeSi6O17 |
| 9.DO.15 | Meieranite | Na2Sr3MgSi6O17 |
| 9.DO.20 | Alamosite | PbSiO3 |
| 9.DO.25 | Liebauite | Ca3Cu5Si9O26 |
| 9.DO.30 | Vladykinite | Na3Sr4(Fe2+Fe3+)Si8O24 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pyroxmangite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3327.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Pyroxmangite
Reference List:
Liebau, F. (1959) Über die Kristallstruktur des Pyroxmangits (Mn,Fe,Ca,Mg)SiO3. Acta Crystallographica, 12 (3) 177-181 doi:10.1107/s0365110x59000536
Liebau, F., Hilmer, W., Lindemann, G. (1962) Über die Kristallstruktur des Pyroxmangits (Mn,Fe,Ca,Mg)SiO3 und des Rhondonits (Mn,Ca)SiO3. Acta Crystallographica, 15 (6) 622 doi:10.1107/s0365110x62001668
Manning, P. G. (1968) Absorption spectra of the manganese-bearing chain silicates pyroxmangite, rhodonite, bustamite and serandite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (3) 348-357
Maresch, W. V., Mottana, A. (1976) The pyroxmangite-rhodonite transformation for the MnSiO3 composition. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 55 (1) 69-79 doi:10.1007/bf00372755
Narita, Hajime, Koto, Kichiro, Morimoto, Nobuo (1977) The crystal structures of MnSiO3 polymorphs (rhodonite- and pyroxmangite-type) Mineralogical Journal, 8 (6) 329-342 doi:10.2465/minerj.8.329
Pinckney, Linda R., Burnham, Charles W. (1988) Effects of compositional variation on the crystal structures of pyroxmangite and rhodonite. American Mineralogist, 73 (7-8) 798-808
Anthony, John W., Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy. https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/
Localities for Pyroxmangite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
| Birch (1999) |
| ... +3 other references |
Austria | |
| Taucher (1994) +1 other reference |
| F. Münichsdorfer: Carinthia II (1989) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Koritnig (1972) |
| F. Walter: Mitt. Öster. Miner. Ges. 137:212-216 (1992) |
| Franz Bernhard |
| abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +1 other reference |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| Postl W. et al. (1998) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Postl (1988) +1 other reference | |
| I. Praetzel: Der Karinthin 93:293-301 (1985) +1 other reference |
| Abrecht (1990) |
Brazil | |
| Bello |
| Mineral Label +1 other reference |
| acd.ufrj.br (2002) | |
China | |
| Nanlai Zheng et al. (1986) |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1982) |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1982) |
| Fan Delian et al. (1992) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Xue-Hui Xia et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (2013) |
Czech Republic | |
| Prachař +7 other references |
DR Congo | |
| De Putter et al. (2018) |
Finland | |
| Heikkilä +1 other reference |
France | |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| European J. Mineralogy |
Germany | |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1987) | |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| [Blass et al. (Stuttgart) |
Ghana | |
| Dzigbodi-Adjimah (2004) |
Greece | |
| Michailidis et al. (2010) |
India | |
| Econ Geol (1980) |
| Dasgupta et al. (1987) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| 415. +1 other reference |
| Pipino (1984) |
| //doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2023.21.7 |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| Castellaro et al. (2011) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Ciriotti et al. (2011) |
| Ambrino et al. (2022) |
| Bertolani (1976) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Peters Tj. et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Dini A. et al. (2013) |
| Capitani G.C. et al. (2003) | |
| Di Sabatino (1967) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
Japan | |
| - (innumerable specimens widely distributed in japanese collections) |
| Donald E. Lee (1955) +1 other reference |
| Donald E. Lee (1955) | |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) | |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Kobayashi H (1977) |
| N. Aikawa (1987) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| M. Haruna et al (2002) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Watanabe (1959) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Omori et al. (1956) | |
| field collected by Alfredo Petrov +1 other reference |
| Yoshimura et al. (1958) |
| Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan) |
| Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) |
| Yoshinaga (1963) |
| Akira Kato (2011) |
| Akira Kato (2011) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| Yoshinaga (1959) |
| Alfredo Petrov collection. +1 other reference |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| [AmMin 84:196] +1 other reference |
| Yamada (2004) | |
| Akira Kato (undated manuscript) | |
| N. Aikawa (1987) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Lee (1955) +1 other reference |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Lee (1955) +2 other references | |
| Lee (1955) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
Mexico | |
| Megaw (2023) |
New Zealand | |
| Coombsite +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Gibson (1992) |
| J.Hyrsl (2012) |
Romania | |
| Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) | |
| Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) |
| Ciobanu |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) +2 other references |
| Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
| Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Brusnitsyn (2006) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Старикова (2011) |
| Dobovol'skaya et al. (1990) |
| Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) | |
| American Mineralogist | |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2017) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Gahlan et al. (2021) |
Slovakia | |
| Rojkovič (2001) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
South Africa | |
| R. Liferovich - L. Horváth p.c. (2004) |
South Korea | |
| Chil-Sup et al. (1993) |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2018) |
Sweden | |
| Grensman et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| |
| Natural History Museum | |
| Natural History Museum ( item # 19980372) | |
| |
| |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Brugger J. (1996) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
UK | |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum |
| Cotterell (2006) |
USA | |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411. +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Econ Geol (1980) +1 other reference | |
| Foley +4 other references |
| Rocks & Min.:59:34 & 64:144. +1 other reference |
| Min.Rec.:20 (5) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384. |
| Ransome (1901) | |
| Schooner (circa 1980s) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Dunn (1995) | |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 12688 |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135. |
| "Type material" of "pyroxmangite" from ... |
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Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany