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Salammoniac

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former Ravat Village, Yagnob River, joint of Zeravshan and Gissar Range, Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd), Tajikistan
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
NH
 
4
Cl
System:IsometricColour:Colourless, White, ...
Hardness:1 - 2
Name:From Greek, άλς άμμωυιακός sals ammonikos, salt of Ammon, because of its early manufacture in Egypt.
This page provides mineralogical data about Salammoniac.

Classification of Salammoniac

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/A.04-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.AA.25

3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
A : M:X = 1:1, 2:3, 3:5, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:9.1.3.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
1 : AX
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.1.7

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
1 : Halides of the alkali metals and ammonium
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Occurrences of Salammoniac

Geological Setting:Volcanic fumaroles; burning coal seams; guano deposits.

Physical Properties of Salammoniac

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless, White, sometimes yellow or brown.
Hardness (Mohs):1 - 2
Tenacity:Sectile
Cleavage:Very Good
Imperfect on {111}.
Parting:Translation gliding with T{011}, t[001].
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):1.532 g/cm3
Density (calculated):1.535 g/cm3

Crystallography of Salammoniac

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):4 3 2 - Gyroidal
Cell Parameters:a = 3.859Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 57.47 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals usually trapezohedral {112} modified by {113} at times; less commonly with gyroidal forms alone, or in combination. Dodecahedral; cubic (rare). Crystals often exhibit curved or stepped faces and may present a tetragnal or rhombohedral appearance due to suppression of faces and distortion. Skeletal or dendritic aggregates. Crusts or stalactitic masses; fibrous, earthy or mealy.
Twinning:On {111}.

Optical Data of Salammoniac

Type:Isotropic
Comments:Weakly birefringent at times, especially after mechanical deformation.

Chemical Properties of Salammoniac

Formula:
NH
 
4
Cl
Essential elements:Cl, H, N
All elements listed in formula:Cl, H, N
CAS Registry number:12125-02-9

CAS Registry numbers are published by the American Chemical Society
Analytical Data:Taste salty, astringent. Very plastic
Relationship of Salammoniac to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
3.AA.05Marshite
CuI
3.AA.05Miersite
(Ag,Cu)I
3.AA.05Nantokite
CuCl
3.AA.05UM1999-11:I:CuS
Cu(I,S)
3.AA.10Iodargyrite
AgI
3.AA.10Tocornalite
(Ag,Hg)I
3.AA.15Bromargyrite
AgBr
3.AA.15Chlorargyrite
AgCl
3.AA.20Carobbiite
KF
3.AA.20Griceite
LiF
3.AA.20Halite
NaCl
3.AA.20Sylvite
KCl
3.AA.20Villiaumite
NaF
3.AA.25UM1998-03-Cl:Tl
TlCl
3.AA.25Lafossaite
Tl(Cl,Br)
3.AA.30Calomel
Hg
 
2
Cl
 
2
3.AA.30Kuzminite
Hg
 
2
(Br,Cl)
 
2
3.AA.30Moschelite
Hg
 
2
I
 
2
3.AA.35Neighborite
NaMgF
 
3
3.AA.40Chlorocalcite
KCaCl
 
3
3.AA.45Kolarite
PbTeCl
 
2
3.AA.50Radhakrishnaite
PbTe
 
3
(Cl,S)
 
2
3.AA.55Challacolloite
KPb
 
2
Cl
 
5
3.AA.60Hephaistosite
TlPb
 
2
Cl
 
5
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
8.1.1Griceite
LiF
8.1.2Villiaumite
NaF
8.1.3Halite
NaCl
8.1.4Hydrohalite
NaCl·2H
 
2
O
8.1.5Carobbiite
KF
8.1.6Sylvite
KCl
Other Names for Salammoniac
Synonyms:
ChlorammoniumChloride of AmmoniumMuriate of AmmoniaSal-AmmoniacSal Ammoniac
Other Languages:
French:Chlorure d'ammonium
Sel ammoniac
German:Salmiak
Ammoniumchlorid
Natürliches Salmiak
Salammoniak
Salmiac
Italian:Chlorammonio
Latin:Sal ammoniacus
Russian:Нашатырь
Other Information
Other Information:Water Soluble
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
External LinksSearch for toxicity information at the United States National Library of Medicine
References for Salammoniac
Reference List:Model, G. (1758): Versuche und Gedanken über ein natürliches und gewachsenes Salmiak, Leipzig 1758



Klaproth, M.H. (1802): Chemische Untersuchung des natürlichen Salmiaks, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Dritter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 89-94



Rammelsberg (1855): 41 (das Chlorammonium).



Scacchi (1875) Acc. Napoli: 67: 28 (as Chlorammonio).



Rammelsberg (1881): 247.



Groth (1906): 1: 182 (as Ammoniumchlorid).



Johnsen (1907) Jb. Min. Beil.-Bd.: 33: 311.



Wyckoff (1922) American Journal of Science: 3: 177.



Wyckoff (1922) American Journal of Science: 4: 469.



Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 15-18.



Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (1959): 1205.


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