Staurolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Staurolite
Formula:
Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
The formula can also be considered as alternating layers of kyanite and oxide, and so can be recast as:
4Al2O[SiO4].AlFe2+2O4H
4Al2O[SiO4].AlFe2+2O4H
Colour:
Dark brown, brownish-black, red-brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
7 - 7½
Specific Gravity:
3.74 - 3.83
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "stavros", cross, alluding to the cruciform twins it displays in some cases.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3753
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3753:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
8a836dce-ecaa-4d2c-8dea-dbf9edb98e66
IMA Classification of Staurolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Staurolite
9.AF.30
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
52.2.3.1
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
16.19.5
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
St | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
St | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
St | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
St | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
St | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Staurolite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown, brownish-black, red-brown
Streak:
White to grayish
Hardness:
7 - 7½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}
Distinct on {010}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.74 - 3.83 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.686 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Staurolite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.736 - 1.747 nβ = 1.740 - 1.754 nγ = 1.745 - 1.762
2V:
Measured: 88° , Calculated: 84° to 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.009 - 0.015
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X= colourless
Y= pale yellow
Z= golden yellow
Y= pale yellow
Z= golden yellow
Chemistry of Staurolite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
The formula can also be considered as alternating layers of kyanite and oxide, and so can be recast as:
4Al2O[SiO4].AlFe2+2O4H
The formula can also be considered as alternating layers of kyanite and oxide, and so can be recast as:
4Al2O[SiO4].AlFe2+2O4H
Common Impurities:
Ti,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Li,H2O
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | 2 | |
---|---|---|
P2O5 | 0.01 % | % |
SiO2 | 27.78 % | 27.25 % |
TiO2 | 0.43 % | 0.73 % |
Al2O3 | 54.54 % | 53.63 % |
Ga2O3 | 0.03 % | % |
FeO* | 9.23 % | 13.31 % |
MnO | 0.11 % | 0.26 % |
CoO | 3.39 % | % |
NiO | 0.15 % | 0.01 % |
ZnO | 0.09 % | 0.22 % |
MgO | 2.93 % | 2.06 % |
H2O (by stoichiometry) | 1.29 % | 1.33 % |
V2O3 | % | 0.09 % |
Cr2O3 | % | 1.13 % |
Total: | 99.98 % | 100.02 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | 4Al2.00O[Si0.97Al0.03O4].(Fe2+1.08Al0.84Mg0.61Co2+0.38Ti0.05Ni2+0.02Zn0.01Mn2+0.01)O4H1.20 |
2 | 4Al2.00O[Si0.96Al0.04O4].(Fe2+1.56Al0.70Mg0.44Cr0.13Ti0.08Mn2+0.03Zn0.02V0.01)O4H1.25 |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Lusakite occurrence, Rufunsa District, Lusaka Province, Zambia | blue Co-bearing staurolite in high-grade "ferrolite" (staurolite-kyanite-quartz-magnetite gneiss), with kyanite, quartz, magnetite and scattered pleochroic violet/brown grains of a Co-dominant member of the högbomite family. Additional oxides (hematite+ilmenite; minor rutile) and minor sulfides (linnaeite, cobaltpentlandite) are present, as is sparse sillimanite and retrograde(?) margarite and clinochore. In the absence of independently-determined Fe3+/∑Fe or H2O, all measured Fe is assumed to be Fe2+, then with sufficient calculated H added to achieve charge balance; that the stoichiometry is good and the analytical total is near 100 wt% suggests the FeO* and H2O assumptions are likely reasonable. | |
2 | Khizovara kyanite deposit, Khizovaar ore field, Loukhsky District, Republic of Karelia, Russia | Cr-bearing staurolite in a kyanite-zone amphibolite-facies rock of bulk composition gradational between a metapelite and a metaquartzite , with abundant kyanite and almandine garnet, in a matrix of predominately quartz and some Cr-bearing muscovite ("fuchsite") and "oligoclase" (sodic plagioclase: Ab88), accompanied by minor biotite, oxides, and apatite. In the absence of independently-determined Fe3+/∑Fe or H2O, all measured Fe is assumed to be Fe2+, then with sufficient calculated H added to achieve charge balance; that the stoichiometry is good and the analytical total is near 100 wt% suggests the FeO* and H2O assumptions are likely reasonable. |
Crystallography of Staurolite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.86 Å, b = 16.6 Å, c = 5.65 Å
β = 90.45°
β = 90.45°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.473 : 1 : 0.34
Unit Cell V:
737.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals
Twinning:
Commonly 60-degree twins on {231}, may be cyclic. Less commonly 90-degree cruciform twins on {031}. On (320) (very rare).
Comment:
Pseudo-orthorhombic
Crystallographic forms of Staurolite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000181 | Staurolite | Smith J V (1968) The crystal structure of staurolite American Mineralogist 53 1139-1155 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001058 | Staurolite | Bringhurst K N, Griffen D T (1986) Staurolite-lusakite series. II. Crystal structure and optical properties of a cobaltoan staurolite American Mineralogist 71 1466-1472 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001245 | Staurolite | Alexander V D (1989) Iron distribution in staurolite at room and low temperatures sample at room temperature American Mineralogist 74 610-619 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001246 | Staurolite | Alexander V D (1989) Iron distribution in staurolite at room and low temperatures sample at low temperature (liquid N2) American Mineralogist 74 610-619 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002884 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002885 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 2.48 | 293 | ||
0002886 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 4.15 | 293 | ||
0002887 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 5.43 | 293 | ||
0002888 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 6.84 | 293 | ||
0002889 | Staurolite | Comodi P, Montagnoli M, Zanazzi P F, Ballaran T B (2002) Isothermal compression of staurolite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 87 1164-1171 | 2002 | 8.74 | 293 | ||
0005300 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 71-62R/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Black Mountains, New Hampshire, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005301 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 71-62R/6 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Black Mountains, New Hampshire, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005302 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 71-62R/5 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Black Mountains, New Hampshire, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005303 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: EH-6/6 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Emery Hill, New York, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005304 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: EH-6/4 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Emery Hill, New York, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005305 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: EH-6/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Emery Hill, New York, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005306 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 3-3/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | West Sidney, Maine, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005307 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 3-3/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | West Sidney, Maine, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005308 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 106038/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Franklin, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005309 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 106038/3 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Franklin, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005310 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 117189/6 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Stratford, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005311 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 117189/7 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Stratford, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005312 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 117189/21 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Stratford, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005313 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 117189/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Stratford, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005314 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 6-3/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | East Winthrop, Maine, USA | 0 | 293 | |
0005315 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: WARD/7 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Fiordland, New Zealand | 0 | 293 | |
0005316 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MOT/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005317 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MUS/6-1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Pizzo Forno, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0005318 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MUS-AR/3 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Pizzo Forno, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0005319 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: HP1/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Pizzo Forno, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0005320 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MUS/3 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Pizzo Forno, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0005321 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: PIO/11 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005322 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: PIO/13 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
0005323 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DW7/4 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Antarctica | 0 | 293 | |
0005324 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DW7/8II The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Antarctica | 0 | 293 | |
0005325 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DER/10-2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Derivo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005326 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DER/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Derivo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005327 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DER/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Derivo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005328 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: DER/10-4 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Derivo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005329 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/FP15 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Derivo, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005330 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005331 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/15 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005332 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/16 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005333 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/5g The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005334 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/2 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005335 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/6-1 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005336 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/8 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005337 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: MAR/21 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Ticino River, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005338 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: 85DM66b The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Dora Maira, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0005339 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Ungaretti L, Oberti R, Caucia F, Callegari A (1993) The crystal chemistry of staurolite. I. Crystal structure and site populations Sample Code: BARR888 The Canadian Mineralogist 31 551-582 | 1993 | Barrhorn, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0005371 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005372 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005373 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005374 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005375 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005376 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005377 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005378 | Staurolite | Caucia F, Callegari A, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Hawthorne F C (1994) Structural aspects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 477-489 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005379 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) Crystal-structure refinement of hydrogen-rich staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 491-495 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005380 | Staurolite | Hawthorne F C, Oberti R, Ungaretti L, Caucia F, Callegari A (1994) Crystal-structure refinement of hydrogen-rich staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 491-495 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005514 | Staurolite | Oberti R, Hawthorne F C, Zanetti A, Ottolini L (1996) Crystal-structure refinement of a highly ordered staurolite The Canadian Mineralogist 34 1051-1057 | 1996 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006726 | Staurolite | Koch-Muller M, Kahlenberg V, Bubenick W, Gottschalk M (1998) Crystal-structure refinement of synthetic Fe- and Mg-staurolite by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder-diffraction data European Journal of Mineralogy 10 453-460 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006727 | Staurolite | Koch-Muller M, Kahlenberg V, Bubenick W, Gottschalk M (1998) Crystal-structure refinement of synthetic Fe- and Mg-staurolite by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder-diffraction data European Journal of Mineralogy 10 453-460 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006728 | Staurolite | Koch-Muller M, Kahlenberg V, Bubenick W, Gottschalk M (1998) Crystal-structure refinement of synthetic Fe- and Mg-staurolite by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder-diffraction data Koch-Muller tells me that the coordinates are correct, and the reported bond lengths were incorrect. European Journal of Mineralogy 10 453-460 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0010731 | Staurolite | Takeuchi Y, Aikawa N, Yamamoto T (1972) The hydrogen locations and chemical composition of staurolite and adds the hydrogen locations to it Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 1-22 | 1972 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.012 Å | (100) |
2.693 Å | (100) |
2.372 Å | (80) |
3.559 Å | (60) |
2.400 Å | (60) |
1.515 Å | (60) |
1.511 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Pizzo Forno, Switzerland. ICDD 15-397.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Amphibolite grade of regionally metamorphosed pelitic rocks.
Synonyms of Staurolite
Other Language Names for Staurolite
Croatian:Staurolit
Dutch:Stauroliet
Finnish:Stauroliitti
French:Staurotide
German:Staurolith
Baseler Taufstein
Granatit (in part)
Baseler Taufstein
Granatit (in part)
Hebrew:סטאורוליט
Hungarian:Staurolit
Italian:Staurolite
Japanese:十字石
Lithuanian:Staurolitas
Polish:Staurolit
Portuguese:Estaurolite
Russian:Ставролит
Simplified Chinese:十字石
Spanish:Estaurolita
Staurolita
Staurolita
Varieties of Staurolite
Lusakite | A cobalt-bearing variety of Staurolite. Originally reported from Lusakite occurrence, Lusaka, Lusaka Province, Zambia. |
Zinc-bearing Staurolite | A zinc-bearing variety of staurolite. |
Relationship of Staurolite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
116 photos of Staurolite associated with Almandine | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
98 photos of Staurolite associated with Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
61 photos of Staurolite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
22 photos of Staurolite associated with Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
21 photos of Staurolite associated with Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
18 photos of Staurolite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
17 photos of Staurolite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
16 photos of Staurolite associated with Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
11 photos of Staurolite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
8 photos of Staurolite associated with Chlorite Group |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 |
9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.05 | Xenolite | Al10Si8O31 |
9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.10 | Kanonaite | Mn3+Al(SiO4)O |
9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
9.AF.20 | Krieselite | Al2(GeO4)F2 |
9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 |
9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) |
9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 |
9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 |
9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 |
9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 |
9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | (Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.50 | Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite) | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 |
9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 |
9.AF.50 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite) | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.55 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.60 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
9.AF.75 | Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 |
9.AF.75 | Welinite | Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 |
9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.85 | Ottrélite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Staurolite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Staurolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3753.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Staurolite
Reference List:
Hollister, Lincoln S. (1970) Origin, mechanism, and consequences of compositional sector-zoning in staurolite. American Mineralogist, 55 (5-6) 742-766
Localities for Staurolite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Pestsovye Keivy, Keivy Mountains, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia