Tochilinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tochilinite
Mitrofan S. Tochilin
Formula:
Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Colour:
Bronze-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
1 - 1½
Specific Gravity:
2.96 - 2.99
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Mitrofan Stepanovich Tochilin (Митрофан Степанович Точилин) (15 December 1910, Bolshaya Podosinki, now Bryansk region, Russian Empire - 11 January 1968, Voronezh, USSR), Professor of Mineralogy, Voronezh University, Russia. He was a specialist on the Kola Penninsula.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3986
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3986:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
efa84826-9ece-4c4e-b0fe-1607ad25180b
IMA Classification of Tochilinite
Approved
IMA Formula:
6(Fe0.9S) · 5[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2]
Approval year:
1971
First published:
1971
Classification of Tochilinite
2.FD.35
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
2.14.2.1
2 : SULFIDES
14 : Hydroxysulfides and Hydrated Sulfides
2 : SULFIDES
14 : Hydroxysulfides and Hydrated Sulfides
4.8
4 : Oxysulphides
4 : Oxysulphides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Thi | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tochilinite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Bronze-black
Hardness:
1 - 1½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN5=15 - 19 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {001}
On {001}
Density:
2.96 - 2.99 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.03 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tochilinite
Anisotropism:
Strong, pinkish cream to gray.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 440nm | 9.3% | 15.0% |
| 460nm | 9.2% | 15.8% |
| 480nm | 9.1% | 16.3% |
| 500nm | 8.9% | 16.9% |
| 520nm | 8.8% | 17.4% |
| 540nm | 8.8% | 17.8% |
| 560nm | 8.7% | 18.2% |
| 580nm | 8.6% | 18.8% |
| 600nm | 8.4% | 19.3% |
| 620nm | 8.3% | 19.8% |
| 640nm | 8.2% | 20.2% |
| 660nm | 8.1% | 20.5% |
| 680nm | 8.0% | 20.8% |
| 700nm | 8.0% | 21.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 21.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Yellowish brown.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Yellowish brown to yellowish gray.
Chemistry of Tochilinite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10
Crystallography of Tochilinite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Comment:
Monoclinic or triclinic: Space Group: P2, Pm, or P2/m with a = 5.42 b = 15.77 c = 10.74 β = 95◦ Z=6, or Space Group: C1 with a = 5.37 b = 15.65 c = 10.72 α = 90◦ β = 95◦ γ = 90◦ Z=1
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015560 | Tochilinite | Organova N I, Drits V A, Dmitrik A L (1973) Structural study of tochilinite. Part I. The isometric variety Soviet Physics Crystallography 17 667-671 | 1973 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0015564 | Tochilinite | Organova N I, Drits V A, Dmitrik A L (1974) Structural study of tochilinite. II. Acicular variety: Unusual diffraction patterns Soviet Physics Crystallography 18 606-609 | 1974 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.34 Å | (100) |
| 10.68 Å | (90) |
| 1.845 Å | (70 broad) |
| 2.20 Å | (60 broad) |
| 2.04 Å | (50 broad) |
| 1.537 Å | (50 very broad) |
| 3.57 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Voronezh Oblast, Russia. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| 16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) |
Type Occurrence of Tochilinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As radiating aggregates of cylindrical acicular crystals, which may be hollow, to 1 cm; as paper-thin coatings, felted masses, and as clots.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In serpentinite (lizardite), in a Cu-Ni bearing intrusive complex and in basic intrusive rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Organova, N.I., Genkin, A.D., Drits, V.A., Molotkov, S.P., Kuz'mina, O.V., Dmitrik, A.L. (1971) Tochilinite, a new sulfide-hydroxide of iron and magnesium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 100(4): 477-487.
Synonyms of Tochilinite
Other Language Names for Tochilinite
Relationship of Tochilinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Ekplexite | (Nb,Mo,W)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x | Trig. |
| Ferrotochilinite | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 | Mon. |
| Ferrovalleriite | 2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2 | Trig. |
| Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 | Hex. |
| Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 | Trig. |
| Yushkinite | (Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 29 photos of Tochilinite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 14 photos of Tochilinite associated with Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5 photos of Tochilinite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4 photos of Tochilinite associated with Orpiment | As2S3 |
| 4 photos of Tochilinite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 4 photos of Tochilinite associated with Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Tochilinite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 3 photos of Tochilinite associated with Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 3 photos of Tochilinite associated with Menezesite | Ba2MgZr4(BaNb12O42) · 12H2O |
| 2 photos of Tochilinite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.FD. | Ferrovalleriite | 2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2 |
| 2.FD.05 | Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 2.FD.10 | Viaeneite | (Fe,Pb)4S8O |
| 2.FD.20 | Erdite | NaFeS2 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.25 | Coyoteite | NaFe3S5 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.30 | Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| 2.FD.30 | Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| 2.FD.30 | Yushkinite | (Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2 |
| 2.FD.30 | Ekplexite | (Nb,Mo,W)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.35 | Ferrotochilinite | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| 2.FD.35 | Kaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.35 | Manganokaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mn1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.40 | Wilhelmramsayite | Cu3FeS3 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.45 | Vyalsovite | FeCaAlS(OH)5 |
| 2.FD.50 | Bazhenovite | Ca8S2(S3)(S2O3)(OH)12 · 20H2O |
| 2.FD.55 | UM2004-56-OS:BiCuPb | PbCu4Bi4S2(O,OH,H2O)16 (?) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tochilinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3986.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Tochilinite
Reference List:
Localities for Tochilinite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Shen et al. (2022) |
| Shen et al. (2022) | |
| Shen et al. (2022) | |
| Lee et al. (2019) |
Argentina | |
| Palmer et al. (Oct 2011) +1 other reference |
Armenia | |
| Nazarov et al. ( 1994) +1 other reference |
Australia | |
| Ralph Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Tested by XRD and SEM-EDS by R Bottrill |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Palmer et al. (Oct 2011) +1 other reference |
| Grguric et al. (2013) |
| [AmMin 87:182] |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (2005) |
| Löffler et al. (2011) | |
| Löffler et al. (2011) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
Brazil | |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
| Oliveira et al. (2020) | |
Canada | |
| Franchuk et al. (2016) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| 162-165. +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) | |
| Sabina A. P. (1986) |
| MSC Report 39 +1 other reference |
| Sabina +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| 179-181. +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Hull-Maniwaki +2 other references |
Costa Rica | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (2020) |
Denmark | |
| Michael K. Weisberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Sandström (2012) |
France | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (n.d.) +5 other references |
India | |
| Metzler et al. (1992) |
Italy | |
| Schrader et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Ferraris (1973) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
| Zordan A. (2014) | |
| Zordan et al. (2006) +2 other references |
Japan | |
| Matsubara et al. (1992) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
Lithuania | |
| Zolensky et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Netherlands | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (2016) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| Jacquet et al. (2016) | |
Oman | |
| Ivanova et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Nowinska (2020) |
Russia | |
| Gritsenko et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003) |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
| Pekov (1998) |
South Africa | |
| Zega et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
South Sudan | |
| Zolensky et al. (1996) |
Switzerland | |
| Cannon (2005) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
Ukraine | |
| T.V. Shingareva et al. (2004) |
USA | |
| Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper (2002) |
| California Geology: 48 (5) +1 other reference |
| California Geology: 48 (5) | |
| Zolensky (2014) |
| Palmer et al. (Oct 2011) +1 other reference |
| Parker (2005) |
| Rubin et al. (2007) |
| Anthony +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
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Otamo dolomite quarry, Siikainen, Satakunta, Finland