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Todorokite

Big Photo

Punta del Aguila, Playa Blanca, Lanzarote, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain
© Volker Betz

Show Todorokite Photos (23)
Formula:
(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Mn)(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
6
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Purplish gray, brown to ...
Hardness:1½
Name:Named after its discovery locality, the Todoroki Mine, Hokkaido, Japan.
This page provides mineralogical data about Todorokite.

Classification of Todorokite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.09-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DK.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
Dana 8th edition ID:7.8.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.4.19

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
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Type Occurrence of Todorokite

Type Locality:Todoroki mine, Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido Island, Japan
Year of Discovery:1934

Physical Properties of Todorokite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Purplish gray, brown to black; brown in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):1½
Cleavage:Perfect
{100} and {010} perfect.

Crystallography of Todorokite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/m {P1 1 2/m} {P2/m} {P1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.75Å, b = 2.84Å, c = 9.59Å
β = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.433 : 1 : 3.377
Unit Cell Volume:V 265.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Spongy banded and reniform aggregates composed of minute lathlike crystals. Crystals flattened {010} and elongated [001] with terminal edges inclined about 60° and 70° to [01].
Twinning:Contact twins with c ^ ć about 60°.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
9.65 (100)
7.02 (40)
4.82 (70)
4.48 (70)
3.20 (10)
3.07 (40)
2.75 (10)
2.46 (40)
2.42 (10)
2.35 (40)
2.28 (10)
2.20 (5)
2.13 (10)
1.98 (10)
1.91 (5)
1.77 (10)
Comments:JCPDS 18-1411

Chemical Properties of Todorokite

Formula:
(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Mn)(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
6
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Ca, H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ba, Ca, H, K, Mg, Mn, Na, O
Common Impurities:Ba,K,Na

Relationship of Todorokite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DK.05Akaganeite
β-Fe
3+
 
O(OH,Cl)
4.DK.05Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Coronadite
Pb(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Manjiroite
(Na,K)Mn
 
8
O
 
16
·nH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Mannardite
Ba
 
x
Ti
 
8-2x
V
 
2x
O
 
16
·2-xH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Redledgeite
Ba
 
x
([Cr,Fe,V]
3+
2x
Ti
 
8-2x
)O
 
16
4.DK.05Henrymeyerite
BaFe
2+
 
Ti
 
7
O
 
16
4.DK.10Cryptomelane
K(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.10Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
4.DK.10Strontiomelane
SrMn
4+
6
Mn
3+
2
O
 
16
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.4.1Bromellite
BeO
7.4.2Behoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.3Clinobehoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.4Chrysoberyl
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.5Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S
Mg
 
3
Al
 
8
BeO
 
16
7.4.6Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S
(Mg,Fe,Zn)
 
2
Al
 
6
BeO
 
12
7.4.7Periclase
MgO
7.4.8Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
7.4.9Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.10Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
7.4.11Lime
CaO
7.4.12Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
7.4.13Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
7.4.14Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.4.15Marokite
CaMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.16Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
7.4.17Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.4.18Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10

Other Names for Todorokite

Other Languages:
German:Todorokit
Italian:Todorokite
Japanese:轟石
Russian:Тодорокит
Spanish:Todorokita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Todorokite

Reference List:Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University (1934), series 4, 2, 289-297.

American Mineralogist (1935): 20: 678.

American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 1167-1184.

American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1333-1334.

Golden, D.C., C.C. Chen, and J.B. Dixon (1987), Transformation of birnessite to buserite, todorokite, and manganite under mild hydrothermal treatment: Clays and Clay Minerals: 35: 271-280.

American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 861-869.

Post, J. E., Heaney, P. J., Hanson, J. (2003) - Synchroton X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydratation behavior of todorokite. American Mineralogist: 88: 142-150.

Internet Links for Todorokite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Todorokite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Todorokite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Todorokite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buckland Co.
        • Ardglen
    		Mineralogical Record Vol19 #6 p389
    England, B. M. (1996): Zeolites and associated minerals from Borambil, New South Wales, Australia. Austral. J. Mineral. 2, 11-20.
    England, B. M. (2002): Zeolites and associated minerals from the Krui Valley, Merriwa, New South Wales. Austral. J. Mineral. 8, 61-71.
    • Northern Territory
      • Gulf of Carpenteria
        • Groote Eylandt
    		Econ Geol (1981) 76:556-567; Econ Geol (1996) 91:386-401
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Blinman
    		No reference listed
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Burra
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Großpetersdorf
        • Badersdorf
    		http://www.badersdorf.at/Wirtschaft/holler/minerale.htm
      • Oberpullendorf
        • Kobersdorf
          • Pauliberg Mt.
    		U. Kolitsch, W. Postl, H.-P. Bojar and W. Trattner (2009): Die Mineralvorkommen im Basalt des Pauliberges. In: Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) (2009): Die Mineralien des Burgenlandes - Geologie, Mineralogie und mineralische Rohstoffe. – Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, Band 126, Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 7 - Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, 83-99.
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Friesach
          • Olsa
    		Eur.J.Mineral. 17(1), 163-172(2005)
        • Hüttenberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Bleiberg District
          • Heiligengeist
        • Hermagor
          • Poludnig Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 187./107.:175 (1997)
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Tauchendorf
            • Grassendorf
    		G. Blass, H. W. Graf: Carinthia II 191./111.:145-147 (2001)
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Moschkogel Mt. - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Packalpe Mts
        • Bad St Leonhard
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Pöggstall
          • Raxendorf
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Salzburg
      • Abtenau
        • Tennen Mts
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Dienten
        • Bürgl Alp
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Filzensattel
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Saalfelden
        • Maria Alm
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Schwarzach
        • Lend
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs, 1993
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Moser, B. & Postl, W. (1986); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • Rettenegg
          • Prinzkogel (Prinzenkogel) Mt.
            • Prinzkogel Mt. mines
              • Southern District
    		Jakely, D. et al. (2008); Taucher, J. (1996)
      • Graz
        • Gratkorn
          • Kanzelkogel Mt.
    		Postl, W. (1992), Exel, R. (1993)
      • Leoben
    		Exel, R. (1993); Postl, W. (1998)
        • Galgenberg Mt.
    		Taucher, J. et al. (1994)
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Kammern
    		Taucher, J. (1993)
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		Bojar, H.-P. (2006)
      • Remschnigg Mts
        • Oberhaag
          • Lieschengraben
    		Taucher, J. & Postl, W. (1992)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas)
    		http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Mineralogical Record: 29: 83.
    China
     
    • Guangdong Province
      • Yunfu Prefecture
        • Luoding Co.
    		Jian-Wei Li, Vasconcelos, P., Wei Zhang, Xiao-Dong Deng, Duzgoren-Aydin, N., Dai-Rong Yan, Jian-Qiang Zhang, and Ming-An Hu (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42(4), 361-383.
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Chongzuo Prefecture
        • Daxin Co.
    		Dairong Yan, Jianwei Li, Mingan Hu, and Yinsheng Lang (2006): Geological Science and Technology Information 25(3), 61-67.
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Ningqiang Co.
    		Yeh, H.-W., Hein, J.R., Ye, J., and Fan, D. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 55-69.
    Costa Rica
     
    • San José Province
      • Bajo Chacones
    		Micro Probe Volume VII Number 7 Spring 1993
    Cuba
     
    • Cienfuegos Province
    		Acta Geológica Hispánica, 1998, 33(1-4):239-276
    • Holguín Province
    		Acta Geológica Hispánica, 1998, 33(1-4):239-276
    www.minsocam.org
      • Santa Rita
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
    		Sejkora, J., Pauliš, P., Škoda, R.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Minerál, 2007, roč. 15, č. 4, s. 305-238.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
    		U. Kolitsch (1997): New mineral occurrences from some localities in the Vosges, France: Triembach, Bluttenberg and Val d'Ajol. Aufschluss 48 (2), 65-91. (in German)
    • Franche-Comté
      • Haute-Saône
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • St Dié
          • Lusse
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 475-478.
      • Haute-Garonne
        • Argut-Dessus
    		 Inventaire minéralogique de la France numero 8 Haute Garonne pages 20 et 21
        • Bagnères-de-Luchon
          • Peyresourde
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 475-478.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
    		"Les minéralisations associées au volcanisme andésitique de Biot-Villeneuve Loubet (Alpes Maritimes)" P. ROSTAN ,2005
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Emmendingen
          • Freiamt Pb-Cu mining District
            • Eberbächle
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Haslach
          • Welschbollenbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • St Blasien
          • Urberg
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		No reference listed
      • Kaiserstuhl
        • Sasbach
    		No reference listed
      • Kraichgau
        • Bruchsal
          • Rollenberg railway tunnel
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
          • Hösbach
            • Rottenberg
    		Aufschluss 50, 65-78 (1999)
            • Sailauf
              • Hartkoppe Mt.
    		Lorenz, J. (1991): Die Mineralien im Rhyolithsteinbruch von Sailauf, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 1-38
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Auerbach
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Sulzbach-Rosenberg
    		Schmeltzer, H: Mineralfundstellen Bayern
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Odenwald
        • Wald-Michelbach
          • Mackenheim
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Vogelsberg
        • Ortenberg
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Harzburg
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1991): Mineralogische Notizen V, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 155-171
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Bad Grund
            • Wildemann
              • Hütschen valley
    		No reference listed
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Hagen
    		Frank Hoehle collection
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Müsen
    		Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Wittlich
          • Klausen
    		Kleser, T. (2006): Schöne Funde von der Mosel: Der Steinbruch Fuchsberg bei Neumagen-Drohn und seine Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 17 (6), 16-21. (in German)
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Dernbach
    		O Dziallas collection
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Flensburg
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Ghana
     
    • Western Region
      • Tarkwa
    		Mineralium Deposita Volume 34 Issue 3 (1999) pp 297-311
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
            • Narsaarsuup Qaava
    		No reference listed
    Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Szőlősardó
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Komárom-Esztergom Co.
      • Gerecse Mts.
        • Tardosbánya
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Eplény
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
        • Úrkút
          • Csárda Hill
    		Szakáll & Jánosi (1996) The Minerals of Hungary
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
        • Mumbai (Bombay)
          • Ward 38
    		Analysis by Dr. George Rossman of the California Institute of Technology
    Indonesia
     
    • Jawa Island (Java Island)
      • Jawa Barat Province (West Java Province)
        • Bogor District
    		Milési, J.P., Marcoux, E., Sitorus, T., Simandjuntak, M., Leroy, J., and Bailly, L. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 131-149.
    • Sulawesi Island (Celebes Island)
      • Gorontalo Province
    		Econ Geol (1990) 85:1208-1225
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Modena Province
        • Palagano
    		Bartoli, O., Bersani, D., Bertucci, B., Borghi, E., Garuti, G., Scacchetti, M., & Zaccarini, F. (2008). Le ofioliti dei Cinghi. Miniere e minerali. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/2008, 76-96.
      • Parma Province
        • Berceto
          • Manubiola Valley
    		Adorni, F. (1993). I minerali delle serpentine della bassa Val Manubiola, Berceto, PR. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/1993, 67-78.
    Orlandi P. & Albertini C.(1988): Todorokite da diverse località italiane: Baveno, Carrara, Campiglia Marittima, Appennino Parmense). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. serie A,95,29-34. and Adorni F., Orlandi P. (1989) - Wurtzite, Reevesite e altre specie minerali presenti nelle serpentine del Rio Varbore (PR) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 4, pp.215-222
        • Varsi
          • Ceno Valley
    		Adorni F., Battilocchi G., Bersani D., Bo S., Calderini V. (2005) - Rocca Predellara e La Pianazza, Varsi, Appennino Parmense - Mineral Parma, Anno IV, n.1, 5-8.
      • Reggio Emilia Province
        • Villa Minozzo
    		I minerali di varie ofioliti attorno a Villa Minozzo (RE). O.Bartoli, M.Scacchetti & D.Bersani. Notiziario della Società Reggiana di Scienze Naturali - 2007 - Dicembre 2007
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
            • Reppia
    		Pipino, G. (1984): Gambatesa, l'ultima miniera della Liguria. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4, 131-142.
      • La Spezia Province
        • Vara Valley
          • Borghetto Vara
    		Bracco, R. & Ciriotti, M.E. (2003): Todorokite e Manganberzeliite dalla Liguria. Micro (UK report), 2003, 3-6
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		No reference listed
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Brosso
          • Cavallaria Mount
    		Barresi, A. A., & Ambrino, P., 2006. Monte Cavallaria. I minerali delle cave di quarzo "Alpetta, Piani e Rio Freddo". Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (2): 76-97.
        • Canavese District
          • Baldissero Canavese
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Viù Valley
              • Usseglio
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		Orlandi P. & Albertini C.(1988): Todorokite da diverse località italiane: Baveno, Carrara, Campiglia Marittima, Appennino Parmense). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. serie A,95,29-34.
        • Omegna
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d\'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo \"F. Eusebio\" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
    		Orlandi P. & Albertini C.(1988): Todorokite da diverse località italiane: Baveno, Carrara, Campiglia Marittima, Appennino Parmense). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. serie A,95,29-34.
        • Elba Island
          • Porto Azzurro
    		P. Roegner - (raggi X, EDS) Ratisbona Univ. - 1999-2001
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
    		Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa
    Biagioni C., 2004. Le mineralizzazioni manganesifere dei Diaspri Auctt. di Vagli (Alpi Apuane, Lucca). Tesina di Laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Apuan Alps
    		Orlandi P. & Albertini C.(1988): Todorokite da diverse località italiane: Baveno, Carrara, Campiglia Marittima, Appennino Parmense). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. serie A,95,29-34.
          • Massa
    Paolo Orlandi - Edilio Bellè: I Minerali del marmo del bacino del Frigido, Massa
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Shiribeshi Province
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Shizuoka prefecture
          • Matsuzaki
    		private communication - Alfredo Petrov
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors; needs confirmation)
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Katsuyama
            • Teragohchi
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 65-72.
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Karumai
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Atasu - Karazhal - Zhayrem area
    		Frank Dzubeck
    Luxembourg
     
    • Goesdorf commune
      • Goesdorf
    		http://www.mnhn.lu/recherche/ferrantia/liste_detail.asp?ID=50
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Ahumada
    		Cross, B. & Culp Zeitner J. (2006), Geodes Natures Treasures, P.21
    • Michoacan
      • Mun. de Coalcomám
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Argatay
    		Kuleshov, V.N. (2003): Lithology and Mineral Resources 38(5), 468-476.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tachgagalt (Tachguagalt)
    		FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006) Tachgagalt (Maroc), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 93, 37-71. (in French)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
    		E. Schnaitmann, F. Brandstätter, U. Kolitsch and G. Niedermayr (2008): Die „Gitterquarz“-Paragenese aus dem Erongo, Namibia. Mineralien-Welt 20 (1), 55-63.
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		Uwe Kolitsch (single-crystal X-ray diffraction)
    • Kunene Region
      • Damaraland District
        • Khorixas
          • Copper Valley
    		Gerhard Niedermayr: Mesopotamia 504 - die Typlokalität des Namibit
    Norway
     
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Tvedalen
    		Larsen, A. O.; Åsheim, A.; Raade, G. & Taftø, J. (1992): Tvedalite, (Ca,Mn)4Be3Si6O17(OH)4• 3H2O, a new mineral from syenite pegmatite in the Oslo Region, Norway, American Mineralogist 77, 438-443
    Pacific Ocean
     
    • Clarion-Clipperton Zone
      • USA-4
    		Mee Burns, V., Burns, R.G. (1978) Authigenic todorokite and phillipsite inside deep-sea manganese nodules. American Mineralogist, 63, 827-831.
    Romania
     
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Hunedoara
    		Onac, B.P., Breban, R., Kearns, J., and Tamas, T. (2002) Unusual minerals related to phosphate deposits in Cioclovina Cave, Şureanu Mts. (Romania). Theoretical and Applied Karstology: 15: 27-34.
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Magadanskaya Oblast'
        • Kolyma River Basin
          • Ducat District
            • Omsukchan
              • Ducat ore field
    		Filimonova, L.G., and Chugaev, A.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(6), 489-498.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
            • Seidozero Lake
              • Lepkhe-Nel'm Mt. (Lepkhe-Nelm Mt.)
    		Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
    Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Magnitka
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
          • Satka District
    		Chukhrov, F.V., Gorshkov, A.I., Sivtsov, A.V., and Berezovskaya, V.V. (1978): Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. geol. 12, 86-95.
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Orsk
            • Khalilov District
              • Khabarnin massif
    		Sharkov, A.A. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(1), 19-35.
          • Svetlyi
            • Buruktal District
              • Buruktal massif
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2003): Lithology and Mineral Resources 38(5), 403-415.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Štiavnica Mts
        • Banská Štiavnica Mining District
          • Banská Štiavnica (Selmecbánya; Schemnitz)
    		Haber M., Jelen S., Shkolnik E. L., Gorshkov A. A., Zhegallo E. A., 2003. The partecipation of micro-organisms at the formation of todorokite from oxidation zone (Terézia Vein, Banskà Stiavnica deposit, Slovak Republic). Acta Miner. Petr., 1.
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malé Karpaty Mts
    		Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    Šoltés S., Rojkovič I., 2003: Manganese mineralization in the Toarcian Mariatal shales (Malé Karpáty Mts.), Slovakia. Acta Iniv. Palackianae Olomuc., Geologica, 38, 23 -31
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
          • Čučma (Csucsom; Tschutschma)
            • Stredná Hora hill
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
        • Smolnik Mining District
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
    • Prešov Region
      • Čergov Mts
    		Rojkovič I., Ožvoldová L., Sýkora M., 2003: Manganese mineralisation near Šarišské Jastrabie village, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Slovak Geol. Mag., 9,51 – 64
    • Trenčín region
      • Biele Karpáty Mts
    		Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    Rokovič I., Aubrecht R., Mišík M., 2003: Mineral and chemical composition of manganese hardgrounds in Jurassic limestones of the Western Carpathians. Geol.Carpathica, 54, 317 - 328
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Nelspruit District
    		Martini, J.E.J. et al (1997), "Mbobo Mkulu Cave, South Africa", in "Cave Minerals of the World" (1997)
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Hotazel
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    • Western Cape Province
      • Hout Bay
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Granada
        • Busquistar
    		- Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Aragón
      • Teruel
        • Camañas
    		Calvo, M. (2008) Minerales de Aragón. Prames (Zaragoza). 463 pages
        • Ojos Negros
    		Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza. 463 pags.
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Lanzarote
    		Strasser, A., Kirchner, E., (2006): Minerale aus einem Alkali-Basalt-Differentiat vom Risco Famara, Lanzarote, Kanarische Inseln, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 57, 335-338
          • Playa Blanca
    		Kratzsch E. (2001) Mineralfundstellen auf Lanzarote, Kanarische Inseln; Lapis 2001, 3, 13-23 (reference via Ferdinando Giovine)
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Pozuelo
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    • Valencian Community
      • Valencia
        • Requena
          • Campo Arcís
    		Mata Perelló, J.M., 1994, Geogaceta. 16: 154-155
    Sweden
     
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Månsarp
    		Swedish Nat.Musuem
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Nordmark
    		No reference listed
        • Pajsberg
    		Kjell Gatedal ; Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 409.
    Perseil E.A. Untersuchungen über die Anwesenheit von Strontium in den Manganvererzungen von Falotta und Parsettens (GR). Schweiz. mineral. petrogr. Mitt.70, 315 - 310 (1990)
      • Engadin
        • Piz Corvatsch
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): \"Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz\", Wepf (Basel), p. 409.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lugano lake
        • Carona
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): \"Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz\", Wepf (Basel), p. 409.
      • Malcantone
    		Le Cristallier Suisse, 11 (7), 309-323.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Lötschen valley
        • Lonza valley
          • Mittal
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 409.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
            • St Minver
              • Port Quin
    		UK Journal of Mines and Minerals (2007); UKJMM Vol.29 p.8
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
    		Calvert, S.E., and Price, N.B. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 29, 215-233.
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
    		Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I., Berezovskaya V.V., Sivtsov A.V. (1987) New data on mineralogy of Kerch ores, - Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser. geol., 4, p. 60-77 (in Rus.)
      • Simferopol area
    		Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)/ Minerals of the Crimea. - World of stones, 1996, #9, p. 9-18.
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Valdez-Cordova Borough
        • Copper River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Kaiyuh District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Turquoise District (Courtland-Gleeson District)
            • Courtland
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 137.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 398.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mineral Mountain District
          • Superior area
            • Reymert Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165, 188, 252, 398.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Kofa Mts (S.H. Mts)
          • Kofa District
            • Kofa Game Range
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 124, 165, 240, 343, 398.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 140.
              • North Star Mine (Northstar Mine)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240, 339, 398.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley
          • Black Mts
            • Furnace Creek District
              • Corkscrew Canyon
              • De Bely Mine (Debely Mine)
                • De Bely Mine area
    		Erd, R.C., J.F. McAllister & A.C. Vlisidis (1961), Nobleite, another new hydrous calcium borate from the Death Valley region, California: American Mineralogist: 46: 560-571; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168.
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Palos Verdes peninsula
    		American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1199-1218.
      • Marin Co.
        • Sausalito
    		Milton, D.J. and Bastron, H. (1971). "Churchite and Florencite (Nd) from Sausalito, California." Mineralogical Record: 2(4): 166-168; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 169.
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
    		Mineralogical Record: 36(4): 337-363.
    San Diego Natural History Museum
        • Pala District
          • Hiriart Mountain (Heriart; Heriot; Hiriat Hill)
    		http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/DENDRITE/Index.htm
        • Ramona District
    		[Foord et al, 1989 - "Mineralogy and paragenesis of the Little Three mine pegmatites", Mineralogical Record 20 101-127]
    Rob Lavinsky (ex. Chuck Houser specimen)
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
        • Silver Cliff District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Auburn
          • Mt. Apatite District
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, p.349
        • Poland
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et. al., 1998
      • Oxford Co.
        • Albany
    		King, V. T., 2009, Maine Feldspar, Families, and Feuds.
        • Buckfield
    		Van King
        • Greenwood
    		Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004
    Kink, V. and Foord, E.E., 1992 Maine Mineralogy, Vol. 1, Maine Geologic Surevey, Augusta.
          • Uncle Tom Mt
    		No reference listed
        • Hebron
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, p.349
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, with updates by Van King
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, p.349
        • Peru
    		No reference listed
        • Rumford
    		Van King
        • Stoneham
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1, p.349
    • Maryland
      • Carroll Co.
        • Medford
    		Mr. Fred Parker, Columbia, MD.
    • Montana
      • Beaverhead Co.
        • Blacktail Range Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Granite Co.
        • Philipsburg District (Flint Creek District)
    		AmMin 47:59
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    • Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • McCoy District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Shoshone Mountains
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral Resources of Northern Nye County, Nevada
    NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • White Pine District
          • Silver Belt
            • Treasure Hill
              • Summit area
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min. (Sept/Oct 1981)
    • New Jersey
      • Somerset Co.
        • Bernards Township
    		Maertens, J. (2007) Collecting Minerals at Tilcon's Millington Quarry. The Tilcon Times, Summer:10.
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:605.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Baum, J.L.: The Sterling Hill mud zone: The Picking Table:3(2):8-10.
    Frondel, C., et al: Am.Min.:45:1167-1173 (1960); Chukrov, , et al: On Structural varieties of todorokite: Academii Nauk S.S.S.R. Izvestia, Ser. Geol.:12:86-95 (1978); Dunn(1995):Pt4:605.
    • New Mexico
      • Catron Co.
        • Taylor Creek District
          • Sawmill Creek
    		NMGS 37th Field Conference
      • Eddy Co.
        • Carlsbad
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. Rev. Ed., 1996; Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII (2001) 1454.pdf
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • McKinley Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
          • Ambrosia Lake area
    		NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
      • Sierra Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
      • Socorro Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Lincoln
          • Lime Rock
    		Michael W. Kieron collection
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Hill City District
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World
    Mineral and/or Locality
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