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Tosudite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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06653110014947015499753.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Takatama mine, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
00033230017056508249090.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Bennett Quarry, Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA
01477580014948852699556.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Belogorskoe Au deposit, Nikolaevsk-na-Amure, Sikhote Alin Mountains, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
06653110014947015499753.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Takatama mine, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
08075860017111833908609.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Bennett Quarry, Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA
01477580014948852699556.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Belogorskoe Au deposit, Nikolaevsk-na-Amure, Sikhote Alin Mountains, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
06653110014947015499753.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Takatama mine, Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
00033230017056508249090.jpg
Lithium Tosudite

Bennett Quarry, Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA
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About TosuditeHide

07271420014947525909544.jpg
Toshio Sudo
Formula:
Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Colour:
White, light yellow, light green, deep blue to azure
Lustre:
Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
1 - 2
Specific Gravity:
2.83
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by V.A. Frank-Kamenetskii, N.V. Logvinenko, and V.A. Drits in 1963 in honor of Toshio Sudo (1911-2000), professor of mineralogy, University of Tokyo, Japan. He was an expert in clay mineralogy, especially in the alteration processes by which clay minerals are formed.
Aliettite-Corrensite Group

A 1:1 regular interstratification of a chlorite group mineral and a smectite group mineral.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4001
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4001:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
cb5a5aee-0445-4f45-93fe-94ff8765a578

IMA Classification of TosuditeHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na0.5(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)8O18(OH)12 · 5H2O
First published:
1963

Classification of TosuditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.EC.60

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th ed.:
71.4.2.4

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
4 : Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
TosIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
TosWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of TosuditeHide

Lustre:
Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White, light yellow, light green, deep blue to azure
Hardness:
1 - 2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Density:
2.83 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of TosuditeHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.542 - 1.564 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.548 - 1.574
2V:
Measured: 59°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.006 - 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
none

Chemistry of TosuditeHide

Mindat Formula:
Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Elements listed:
Al, H, Mg, Na, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg,Ca,Li

Crystallography of TosuditeHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
B2
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.17 Å, b = 8.97 Å, c = 24.2 Å
β = 94°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.576 : 1 : 2.698
Unit Cell V:
1,119.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Microscopically crystalline

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
30.4 Å(100)
15.2 Å(75)
4.480 Å(30)
5.006 Å(20)
2.562 Å(12)
1.493 Å(12)
3.30 Å(8)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)

Type Occurrence of TosuditeHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Solnechnogorsk Village (Kuru-Uzen'), Alushta, Crimea, Ukraine
General Appearance of Type Material:
Clay mineral.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman MIneralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia, number 13545.

Other Language Names for TosuditeHide

German:Tosudit
Spanish:Tosudita

Varieties of TosuditeHide

Aluminum TosuditeA clay mineral with a 1:1 regular interstratification of the dioctahedral Al chlorite donbassite and smectite.
AlushtiteA clay mineral with a 1:1 regular interstratification of di-trioctahedral Li-Mg chlorite of the Cookeite-Sudoite series (with cookeite:sudoite ratio close to 1:1) and dioctahedral smectite.

Originally described in 1914 from Kuru-Uzen' village (now Solnec...
Lithium TosuditeA clay mineral with a 1:1 regular interstratification of the trioctahedral Li chlorite cookeite and dioctahedral smectite.
Magnesium TosuditeA clay mineral with a 1:1 regular interstratification of trioctahedral Mg chlorite Sudoite and dioctahedral Smectite.

Relationship of Tosudite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Mixed-layer clay minerals Group > Clay minerals Group
Other Members of this group:
AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2OOrth.
GlauconyThe term glaucony was defined first by Odin and Létolle (1980) for green minerals in marine sediments formed by ...
Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2OMon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Tosudite associated with Manganese Oxides

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EC.BalestraiteKLi2V5+Si4O12Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.MeifuiteKFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05MinnesotaiteFe2+3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05WillemseiteNi3Si4O10(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.9.EC.VoloshiniteRb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10FerripyrophylliteFe3+Si2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.EC.10PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1
9.EC.10LuanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10FluorluanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.10ManganiceladoniteK(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.10GarmiteCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.10GorbunoviteCsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2Mon.
9.EC.15BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m
9.EC.15CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Chernykhite(Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15Montdorite(K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15NanpingiteCsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15RoscoeliteK(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15Tobelite(NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15AluminoceladoniteK(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromphylliteK(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15FerroaluminoceladoniteK(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15FerroceladoniteK(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromceladoniteK(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.15TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Ganterite(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMgKLiMgAl2Si3O10F2Mon.
9.EC.15KreiteriteCsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.20AnniteKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.20HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Masutomilite(K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20NorrishiteKLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PolylithioniteKLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20PreiswerkiteNaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20SiderophylliteKFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.20TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20FluorotetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Wonesite(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EastoniteKMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.20TetraferrianniteKFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20TrilithioniteK(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20FluoranniteKFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20ShirokshiniteK(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20ShirozuliteKMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20SokolovaiteCsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.20AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi(Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2
9.EC.20Suhailite(NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20YangzhumingiteKMg2.5(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20OrloviteKLi2Ti(Si4O10)OFMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20OxyphlogopiteK(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Chloroferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2
9.EC.22PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.
9.EC.30Chlorophaeite(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O
9.EC.30MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35Anandite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35BityiteCaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Ferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Oxykinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35FluorokinoshitaliteBaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)Orth.
9.EC.40Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.40Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
9.EC.45HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.45SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.45SpadaiteMgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?)
9.EC.45Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.45SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.
9.EC.45FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.45HanjiangiteBa2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2FMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.50VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
9.EC.52Tarasovitenear NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O
9.EC.55Baileychlore(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8Tric. 1
9.EC.55Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8Mon. 2/m
9.EC.55FranklinfurnaceiteCa2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55Gonyerite(Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8Orth.
9.EC.55Nimite(Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Orthochamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8
9.EC.55PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric.
9.EC.55SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55DonbassiteAl4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55GlagoleviteNa(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.55Borocookeite(LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8Mon. m : Bb
9.EC.60AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.60Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2OOrth.
9.EC.60DozyiteMg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12Mon.
9.EC.60HydrobiotiteK(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60Karpinskite(Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)Mon.
9.EC.60KulkeiteMg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10Mon.
9.EC.60LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10Mon.
9.EC.60Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2OMon.
9.EC.60Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60BrinrobertsiteNa0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2OMon.
9.EC.65Macaulayite(Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.70BurckhardtitePb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
9.EC.75Ferrisurite(Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.75Surite(Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2Mon. 2 : P21
9.EC.75Niksergievite(Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.80KegelitePb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TosuditeHide

References for TosuditeHide

Localities for TosuditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
Mélon et al. (1976)
[var: Alushtite] Brown G. et al. (1974)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
  • Republika Srpska
    • Prijedor
      • Ljubija
 ...
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
Merceron T. et al. (1988)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Creuse
      • Aubusson
        • Budelière
Econ Geol (1994)
Germany
 
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
Starke R. et al. (1984)
India
 
  • Maharashtra
    • Konkan Division
      • Raigad District
        • Murud
          • Murud-Janjira
A.G. Dessai
Indonesia
 
  • Special Region of Yogyakarta
    • Gunung Kidul Regency
Al Hakim et al. (2017)
Italy
 
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    • Udine Province
      • Forni Avoltri
Ciriotti et al. (2006)
Japan
 
  • Akita Prefecture
    • Odate
Kimbara K. (1974)
  • Aomori Prefecture
    • Kamikita District
Sudo T. (1957)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Koriyama City
Shimoda S. (1969) +1 other reference
  • Gifu Prefecture
    • Gujo City
Ichikawa A. (1976)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Iburi Subprefecture
      • Shiraoi District
        • Shiraoi-cho
米田哲朗. (1989)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
Gaines et al. (1997)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
Kawano et al. (1991)
  • Niigata Prefecture
    • Higashikambara District
      • Aga
Imai et al. (1972) +1 other reference
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Urique Municipality
Anisimov et al. (2001)
Mozambique
 
  • Zambezia Province
    • Gilé District
Gomes Figueiredo C.S. (1967)
New Zealand
 
  • Waikato Region
    • Hauraki District
      • Waihi
Singh (2015)
Niger
 
  • Agadez
Billon et al. (2016)
Russia
 
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Chaunskii District (Chaun)
      • Ilirney ore district
Nikolaev et al. (2013)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Sikhote Alin Mountains
      • Nikolaevsk-na-Amure
Fin'ko V.I. et al. (1977)
Kol'tsov A.B. e.a. (1988)
South Korea
 
Cho et al. (1994)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Málaga
      • Málaga
        • Este (District 2; Málaga-Este)
M.D. Ruiz Cruz (Betic Cordilleras, Spain)
UK
 
  • England
    • Gloucestershire
      • Forest of Dean
Diederik Visser List #39
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
[var: Alushtite] Dvoichenko P.A. (1914)
Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)
[var: Alushtite] Kartashov P.M. (1989)
[var: Alushtite] Pekov (1998)
    • Bakhchysarai
[var: Alushtite] Kartashov P.M. (1989)
    • Sudak Area
      • Morskoye Village
[var: Alushtite] Geologiya SSSR (The geology of USSR)
  • Donetsk Oblast
Kovalenko A.P. (1976)
USA
 
  • California
    • San Diego County
      • Mesa Grande Mining District
        • Gem Hill
Gaines et al. (1997)
      • Pala Mining District
        • Pala
          • Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
Gaines et al. (1997)
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Buckfield
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Newry
King (n.d.)
  • Nevada
    • Washoe County
      • Cottonwood Mining District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Castor et al. (2004)
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