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Triphylite

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G. E. Smith Quarry (Chandler Mills Quarry), Newport, Sullivan Co., New Hampshire, USA
© Rob Lavinsky

Show Triphylite Photos (32)
Formula:
LiFe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Brown-green, light ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Name:From Greek τοίς, "tria", for threefold, plus φυλή "phylon", family, because it was thought to contain three cations (Fe, Li, Mg).


Triphylite Group Triphylite-Lithiophilite Series

Classification of Triphylite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.02-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AB.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.1.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:38.1.1.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
1 : ABXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.1.13

19 : Phosphates
1 : Phosphates of the alkali metals
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Type Occurrence of Triphylite

Type Locality:Hühnerkobel Mt., Rabenstein, Zwiesel, Bavarian Forest, Lower Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany
Year of Discovery:1834

Occurrences of Triphylite

Geological Setting:Complex zoned granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Triphylite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Brown-green, light green-gray, may appear blue-gray; colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:Colourless to grayish white.
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5
Cleavage:Very Good
On {100} nearly perfect; on {010}, imperfect; on {011} interrupted.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.5 - 3.58 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.562 g/cm3
Comment:Value for Fe end-member.

Crystallography of Triphylite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 6.0285(6) Å, b = 10.3586(9) Å, c = 4.7031(3) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.582 : 1 : 0.454
Unit Cell Volume:V 293.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals rare; commonly coarse with uneven surfaces; stout prismatic [100]. Massive, cleavable to compact.

Epitaxial Relationships of Triphylite

Epitaxial Minerals:
Graftonite
Epitaxi Comments:As coarsely laminated intergrowths with Graftonite, both phases mutually oriented with Graftonite {010} [100] parallel to Triphylite {102} [010].
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Triphylite

Type:Biaxial (+/-)
RI values: nα = 1.689 - 1.694 nβ = 1.689 - 1.695 nγ = 1.695 - 1.702
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.006 - 0.008

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v or r < v

Chemical Properties of Triphylite

Formula:
LiFe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Fe, Li, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Li, O, P
Common Impurities:Mn,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Triphylite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Lithiophilite (see here)
Member of Group:
Triphylite Group:
AB(XO
 
4
)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AB.05Farringtonite
Mg
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.10Ferrisicklerite
(Fe
3+
 
,LiMn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Lithiophilite
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Sicklerite
(LiMn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
8.AB.10Simferite
Li(Mg,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.15Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.15Chopinite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.20Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.20Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.25Xanthiosite
Ni
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.30Lammerite
Cu
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.30IMA2009-002
Cu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Mcbirneyite
Cu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AB.35Stranskiite
(Zn,Cu)
 
3
[AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.AB.40Lyonsite
Cu
 
3
Fe
 
4
(VO
 
4
)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.1.1Lithiophosphate
Li
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
19.1.2Olympite
Na
 
5
Li[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.1.3Nahpoite
Na
 
2
HPO
 
4
19.1.4Dorfmanite
Na
 
2
(PO
 
3
OH)·2H
 
2
O
19.1.5Nalipoite
NaLi
 
2
[PO
 
4
]
19.1.6Stercorite
NaNH
 
4
HPO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
19.1.7Archerite
(K,NH
 
4
)[H
 
2
PO
 
4
]
19.1.8Biphosphammite
(NH
 
4
,K)H
 
2
PO
 
4
19.1.9Phosphammite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
HPO
 
4
19.1.10Lithiophilite
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
19.1.11Sicklerite
(LiMn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.1.12Ferrisicklerite
(Fe
3+
 
,LiMn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.1.14Tavorite
LiFe
3+
 
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.1.15Marićite
NaFe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
38.1.1.2Lithiophilite
LiMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
38.1.1.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]

Other Names for Triphylite

Synonyms:
Lithio-Ferro-Triphylite
Other Languages:
German:Triphylin
Russian:Трифилин
Spanish:Triphylita
Swedish:Perowskyn
Tetraphylin

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Triphylite

Reference List:Fuchs (1834) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 3: 98 (as Triphylin).

Fuchs (1835) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 5: 319 (as Triphylin).

Nordenskiöld (1835) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 36: 473 (as Perowskyn).

Berzelius (1836) Jahresber.: 15: 211 (as Tetraphylin).

Tschermak (1863) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 47: 282.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 756.

Penfield and Pratt (1895) American Journal of Science: 50: 387.

Mäkinen (1913) Bull. Comm.. geol.. Finlande, no. 35: 96.

LAubmann and Steinmetz (1920) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 55: 561.

Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 226.

Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text. Heidelberg: vol. 9: 6.

Oswald in: WAlker (1931) University of Toronto Studies, Geology Series, no. 30: 10.

Gossner and Strunz (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 83: 415.

Björling and Westgren (1938) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 60: 67.

Switzer (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 811.

Mason (1941) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 63: 117.

Mason (1942) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 64: 335.

Chapman (1943) American Mineralogist: 28: 90.

Eriksson (1946) Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, Stockholm: 23, no. 8.

Lindberg (1950) American Mineralogist: 35: 59.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 665-669.

Acta Crystallographica (1993): B49: 147-153.

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    Localities for Triphylite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Constantine Province
      • El Milia
    		G. Tchimichkian, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 87-88.
    Argentina
     
    • Salta
      • Nevados de Palermo
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    • San Luis
      • Chacabuco Department
        • Sierra de la Estranzuela
    		http://homepage.mac.com/rasprague/PegShop/extras/argentina/argenpeg.html
      • Coronel Pringles Department
        • La Florida
    		No reference listed
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Umberatana
    		mentioned references in description
    • Western Australia
      • Greenbushes Tinfield
    		Am Min 90:1167-1176
      • Pilbara Region
        • Yinnietharra Station
    		Bridge, P. J. & Pryce, M. W. (1974): Clinobisvanite, monoclinic BiVO4, a new mineral from Yiennietharra, Western Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 39: 847-9
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Moschkogel Mt. - Weinebene area
          • Brandrücken
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Millstatt lake
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Spitz
          • Miesling valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    • La Paz Department
      • Larecaja Province
        • Chacapa
    Min Rec (1977) 8:52-57
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
      • Paraíba
        • Borborema mineral province
          • Frei Martinho
    		[MinRec 22:183]
          • Pedra Lavrada
    		R. Wegner, H. Pöllmann, T. Witzke, & W. Schuckmann (1998): Colquiriite, carlhintzeite, ralstonite and pachnolite from Serra Branca-Pegmatite/Brazil.- Proceedings 17th General Meeting, IMA, August 1998, Toronto, A151
      • Rio Grande do Norte
        • Borborema mineral province
          • Parelhas
    		[MinRec 29:196]
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Galiléia
    		Rafael Hernandes Corrêa-Silva
            • Laranjeiras
    		No reference listed
    [MinRec 12:69]
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		AmMin 89:1087
    Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365
          • Mendes Pimentel
    		Atencio, D., Coutinho, J.M.V., Mascarenhas, Y.P., Ellena, J. (2006): Matioliite, the Mg-analog of burangaite, from Gentil mine, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 91, 1932-1936.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Econ Geol (1995) 90:658-675
    No reference listed
        • Cat Lake - Winnipeg River pegmatite field
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 367-376 (1998)
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Nanping Prefecture
        • Zhenghe Co.
    		Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Fontan, F., Aicheng Zhang, and Jiadeng Chen (2007): Presented at the International Symposium: Granitic Pegmatites: The State of the Art, May 06–12, 2007, Porto, Portugal.
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
    		Zhiguo Liu, Dawei Dong, Milan Liu,Yu Sui, Wenhui Su, Zhengnan Qian, and Zhe Li (2005): Hyperfine Interactions 163(1-4), 13-27.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		Duda, Rejl, Slivka: "Mineralien", 1991
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Aš (Asch)
    		No reference listed
      • Plzeň Region
        • Domažlice (Taus)
          • Otov
    		Masau, M., Staněk, J., Černý, P., Chapman, R. (2000). Metasomatic wolfeite and associated phosphates from the Otov I granitic pegmatite, western Bohemia. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 45, 159-173.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Škoda, R., Staněk, J., Čopjaková, R.: Minerální asociace fosfátových nodulí z granitického pegmatitu od Cyrilova u Velkého Meziříčí, Moldanubikum; část 1 – primární a exsoluční fáze. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2007, 92, 59-74.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		STANEK J.: Trifylin, sarkopsid a alluaudit z pegmatitu od Dolnich Boru na zapadni Morave. Triphylite, Sarcopside and Alluaudite from Pegmatites near Dolni Bory, Western Moravia. Acta Musei Moraviae. Casopis Moravskeho Musea v Brne. Vol. XLVIII, 1963
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
      • Tammela
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Kemiö (Kimito) Island
    		GFF (1899) 21, 639-640
    France
     
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
        • Razès
    		"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 4, 2000
    Boisson, J. M. (1988) - Les monts d'Ambazac, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, (2), 3-33.
    Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne, musee municipal de Limoges, Limoges, 1967
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 702.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Auzat
    		Inventaire Minéralogique de la France Ariège T.2 éditions BRGM
        • Le Bosc
          • Cirque de Pénitence
    		Inventaire mineralogique de l\'Ariege (Editions BRGM 1984)
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Arnbruck
            • Drachselsried
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Lam
            • Lohberghütte
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Zwiesel
            • Bodenmais
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
            • Rabenstein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Thomas, R., and Webster, J.D. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 570-582.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Chiyoda-machi
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Kalba Range
        • Belogorskii Town
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Turkestan Range
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Okatjimukuju farm (Friedrichsfelde farm)
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
        • Usakos
    Portugal
     
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Ponte da Barca
    		Self-find by Nuno Afonso; optical and XRD analysed
    • Viseu District
      • Sátão
        • Ferreira de Aves
          • Aldeia Nova
    Rwanda
     
    Can Min (2004) 42, (3), 697-704
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Kenhardt District
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Steinkopf
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Salamanca
    		American Mineralogist 89:110-125 (2004)
      • Zamora
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Örnsköldsvik
    		CanMin 36, 377
    • Medelpad
      • Örnsköldsvik
    • Östergötland
      • Motala
        • Godegård
    • Södermanland
      • Stockholm
        • Haninge
    Canadian Mineralogist (1998) 36 (2), 377-394
    Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    No reference listed
    Langhof, J., Jonson, E, Gustafsson, L. & Otter, B. (1998): Utö- en klassisk svensk mineralfyndort. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 29-31
    Canadian Mineralogist (1998) 36 (2), 377-394
    • Uppland
      • Sigtuna
        • Arlanda
    • Västerbotten
      • Skellefteå
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lago Maggiore
        • Brissago
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 161.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Breage
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Coosa Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals: 70(5): 320-333.
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 253, 402; Jahns, Richard H. (1952), Pegmatite Deposits of the White Picacho District, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 162.
          • Independence Gulch
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 402; Jahns, R.H. (1952), Pegmatite deposits of the White Picacho district, Maricopa and Yavapai Cos., AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 162: 39, 41, 98-103.
    • California
    		San Diego Natural History Museum
    No reference listed
    Jahns, R. A., and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 7A, p. 31.
    Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler\'s materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125.
    • Colorado
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Clear Creek pegmatite Province
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Storm Mountain
    		Rocks & Min.: 62: 234.
    • Connecticut
      • Fairfield Co.
    		Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State, p.278
    Januzzi, R.E. and Seaman, David M. (1976) Mineral Localities Of Connecticut and Southern New York State and Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
    		Rocks & Min.: 70:403
        • Portland
    		Rocks & Min.: 16: 164-167.
    • Maine
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Baldwin
    		No reference listed
        • Standish
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V 1, p.111.
      • Knox Co.
        • Warren
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geologic Survey, Augusta.
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.; King and Foord, 2000, Addenda to Volume 1, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
        • Greenwood
    		Maine Pegmatite Workshop 2004
    No reference listed
        • Hebron
    		Moore (2000) in Mineralogy of Maine v2, p. 333-336.
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, with updates by Van King
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; Moore, P. B. in King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2, p. 333-336.
    King, V. and Pope, D., 1990, RAS Symposium; King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine.
    "Mineralogy of Maine, Vol. 1" by King, V.T. & Foord, E.E., Maine Geological Survey, 1994
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; Moore, P., 2000, in Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1; King, V, 2006, Minerals of Halls Ridge and Plumbago-Puzzle Mountain, Newry, Oxford County, Maine, Mineral News, v. 22 (6), p. 1-3.
        • Norway
    		Moore, P. B., 2000, Analysis of Primary Phosphates ..., Mineralogy of Maine, v. 2.
    No reference listed
        • Paris
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine; Moore, P.B., 2000, in Mineralogy of Maine v2, p. 333-336.
    No reference listed
        • Peru
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    No reference listed
        • Rumford
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1991, Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusts.
    No reference listed
    Scott Soucey and Tim Blake
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Stoneham
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
        • Andover
    		Gleba, 1978. Mass. Mineral & Fossil Loc.
      • Hampden Co.
        • Blandford
    		No reference listed
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Huntington
    		Emerson, Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597), p.257; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.
      • Worcester Co.
        • Fitchburg
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    Harvard Mineralogical Museum
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Jackson
    		No reference listed
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Alstead
    		Seaman, David (1976) Pegmatite Minerals of the World
    No reference listed
        • Sullivan
    		Sterrett, D. (1914). Some deposits of Mica in the United States (USGS Bulletin 580-F), p.88.
        • Walpole
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines
      • Grafton Co.
        • Alexandria
    		Rocks & Min.: 17:250.
    Dana 7:II:667.
    No reference listed
        • Grafton
    		No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667. Morrill. P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.
        • Groton
    		Whitmore and Lawrence, 2004. The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p.165.
    Rocks & Min. 80:251
    Morrill, P., 1960, New Hampshire Mines and Mineral Localities.
    No reference listed
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 59
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 686, 855; Rocks & Minerals: 16: 208-211.; Am. Min. 50 (1965), 713-717
    Whitmore, R.W. and Lawrence, R.C., Jr. (2004): The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo.
    Whitmore & Lawrence, 2004: The Pegmatite Mines Known As Palermo, p.96.
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 59
    Cameron, et. al. 1954. Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England.
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 59
        • Orange
    		No reference listed
        • Rumney
    		No reference listed
      • Hillsborough Co.
        • Deering
    		Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)
    Yale Peabody Museum #5640
      • Rockingham Co.
        • Raymond
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State (Taylor Assoc./Mineralogical Press). Chapter on NH mineral localities.
      • Strafford Co.
        • Farmington
    		No reference listed
        • Strafford
          • Parker Mt
    		Rocks & Min.:64:504; Switzer, The Paragenesis of the Center Strafford NH Pegmatite (AmMin 23:811)
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Acworth
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.59
        • Claremont
    		No reference listed
        • Newport
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 667.; American Mineralogist: 37: 931-940.
        • Springfield
    		Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 59
    Morrill, 1960. NH Mines and Mineral Localities.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 84.
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Berne
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Custer
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Am Min (1969), 54:969-972
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 297
    Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117-118.
    Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Pringle
            • Cicero Peak
    		Seaman (1976) Pegmatite Minerals of the World.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Lawrence Co.
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
      • Pennington Co.
        • Hill City District
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    No reference listed
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Keystone
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; American Mineralogist (1984): 69: 380-382.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 324-337, 1988
    Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World
            • Greyhound Gulch
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Rocks & Min.:60:110,112 & 116.
    Dana 6: 1088.
    Am Min 70:9-10 pp 1044-1049; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 32 (Table A-1).
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169; Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 33 (Table A-1).
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Oreville District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Unorganized District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Wisconsin
      • Florence Co.
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
    • Wyoming
      • Laramie Co.
        • Silver Crown District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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