Tsumebite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Tsumebite
Formula:
Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)
Colour:
Emerald-green sometimes bluish green; green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
6.13
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1912 by Karl Heinrich Emil Georg Busz for the town of the type locality - Tsumeb, Southwest Africa (now Namibia).
The phosphate analogue of arsentsumebite.
A secondary mineral in polymetallic ore deposits. Chemically verified Tsumeb tsumebite is rare and most unanalyzed specimens so labeled are, most likely, arsentsumebite.
A secondary mineral in polymetallic ore deposits. Chemically verified Tsumeb tsumebite is rare and most unanalyzed specimens so labeled are, most likely, arsentsumebite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4040
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4040:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b402d335-6ea1-4854-99ce-8b3313ba15fe
IMA Classification of Tsumebite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1912
Classification of Tsumebite
8.BG.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
G : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
G : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1
43.4.2.1
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
22.3.15
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tsu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Tsumebite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom | |
| Debbie Woolf | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Tsumebite
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Luster usually brilliant
Colour:
Emerald-green sometimes bluish green; green in transmitted light.
Streak:
White to faint green
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.13 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.22 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tsumebite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.900 nβ = 1.920 nγ = 1.942
2V:
Measured: 90° , Calculated: 90°
Birefringence:
0.042
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.042
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v extreme
Optical Extinction:
Inclined
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faint. X = Y = very pale blue to colorless; Z =
robin’s-egg-blue.
robin’s-egg-blue.
Comments:
Absorption: Z > X.
Chemistry of Tsumebite
Mindat Formula:
Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)
Crystallography of Tsumebite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.69 Å, b = 5.78 Å, c = 7.86 Å
β = 111.87°
β = 111.87°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.503 : 1 : 1.36
Unit Cell V:
366.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crusts of intergrown crystals.
Twinning:
Ubiquitous, with twin plane {122}, as trillings or more complex groups at times. Often thick tabular on {101} or {110}. {011} and {104} usually in oscillatory combination, producing a zig-zag suture in twins at times. {100} narrow and bright, {110} uneven or composite.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014449 | Tsumebite | Fanfani L, Zanazzi P F (1967) Structural similarities of some secondary lead minerals Mineralogical Magazine 36 522-529 |  | 1967 | Tsumeb, South West Africa | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.70 Å | (30) |
| 3.92 Å | (20) |
| 3.24 Å | (100) |
| 2.94 Å | (40) |
| 2.90 Å | (70) |
| 2.72 Å | (40) |
| 2.62 Å | (30) |
| 2.27 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 29-568
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Tsumebite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crust
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Destroyed by bombing.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Busz, V.K. (1912) Tsumebit, ein neues Blei-Kupfer-Phosphat von Otavi, Deutsch Süd-West-Afrika. Deutschen Naturforscher und Årtze in Münster, Versammlung: 84: 182-185.
Synonyms of Tsumebite
Other Language Names for Tsumebite
Relationship of Tsumebite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aldomarinoite | Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Arsenbrackebuschite | Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Bearthite | Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Brackebuschite | Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Calderónite | Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Canosioite | Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Feinglosite | Pb2Zn(AsO4)2 · H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Ferribushmakinite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Gamagarite | Ba2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Goedkenite | Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Grandaite | Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Lombardoite | Ba2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Tokyoite | Ba2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Unnamed (possible ordered As-analogue of Tokyoite) | Ba2Mn[(As,V)O4]2(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 14 photos of Tsumebite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 12 photos of Tsumebite associated with Corkite | PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8 photos of Tsumebite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| 7 photos of Tsumebite associated with Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 7 photos of Tsumebite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 7 photos of Tsumebite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Tsumebite associated with Tsumcorite | PbZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 5 photos of Tsumebite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 3 photos of Tsumebite associated with Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 2 photos of Tsumebite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BG. | Canosioite | Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG. | Aldomarinoite | Sr2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG. | Dongchuanite | Pb4ZnZn2(PO4)4(OH)2 |
| 8.BG. | Cuprodongchuanite | Pb4CuZn2(PO4)4(OH)2 |
| 8.BG.05 | Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Bearthite | Ca2Al(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Brackebuschite | Pb2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Gamagarite | Ba2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Goedkenite | Sr2Al(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | UM1994-19-PO:CuHMoPb | Pb2Cu(PO4)(MoO4,AsO4,CrO4,GaO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Arsenbrackebuschite | Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Feinglosite | Pb2Zn(AsO4)2 · H2O |
| 8.BG.05 | Bushmakinite | Pb2Al(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Tokyoite | Ba2Mn3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Calderónite | Pb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Ferribushmakinite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Lombardoite | Ba2Mn3+(AsO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.05 | Unnamed (possible ordered As-analogue of Tokyoite) | Ba2Mn[(As,V)O4]2(OH) |
| 8.BG.10 | Mélonjosephite | CaFe2+Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) |
| 8.BG.15 | Tancoite | LiNa2Al(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH) |
| 8.BG.20 | Dmisokolovite | K3Cu5AlO2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BG.25 | Shchurovskyite | K2CaCu6O2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BG.30 | Wrightite | K2Al2O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BG.35 | Polyarsite | Na7CaMgCu2(AsO4)4F2Cl |
Fluorescence of Tsumebite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl and slowly soluble in HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tsumebite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4040.html
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References for Tsumebite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.147
Frost, Ray L., Palmer, Sara J. (2011) Vibrational spectroscopic study of the mineral tsumebite Pb2Cu(PO4,SO4)(OH) Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79 (5) 1794-1797 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.058
Localities for Tsumebite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Day (1998) | |
Chile | |
| Ruiz Fuller C.-Peebles F. +1 other reference |
| T. Kampf analysis |
China | |
| Hercule Shen |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) |
France | |
| Boisson et al. (2017) |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Lapis 2002 (2) |
| |
| Lapis 25 (2) |
| Emser Hefte 1988 (1) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
Italy | |
| Balassone et al. (2019) |
| Olmi et al. (1995) |
| Batacchi et al. (2013) |
| A.Costantini (2015) | |
Japan | |
| Masayuki Ohnishi and Norimasa Shimobayashi (2009) |
Namibia (TL) | |
| Busz (1912) +5 other references |
| Brandstätter et al. (2013) |
UK | |
| Embrey (1978) +4 other references |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
USA | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Ron Gibbs |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Bideaux (1980) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Mineral News Vol 16-5 Adams +1 other reference |
| [Mineralien Welt 1/93:44] |
| mineralsocal.org (2020) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| www.mineralnews.com (2002) |
| Waisman (1992) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Betts (n.d.) |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia