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Vauquelinite

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Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovskoe Au Deposit (Berezovsk Mines), Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod), Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
© Brent Thorne

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Formula:
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|PO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Olive-green, ...
Lustre:Adamantine, ResinousHardness:2½ - 3
Name:
Named after Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829), Professor of Chemistry, University of Paris (France) and discoverer of chromium.


Fornacite-Vauquelinite Series. The phosphate analogue of fornacite.

Classification of Vauquelinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/F.02-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.FC.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
C : With PO4, AsO4, SiO4
Dana 8th edition ID:43.4.3.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.5.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
5 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chromate, molybdate, niobate or tantalate
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Type Occurrence of Vauquelinite

Type Locality:Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovskoe Au Deposit (Berezovsk Mines), Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod), Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1818
Associated Minerals at type locality:
PyromorphiteMimetiteCrocoite

Occurrences of Vauquelinite

Geological Setting:Oxidation zone of some hydrothermal deposits.

Physical Properties of Vauquelinite

Lustre:Adamantine, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Olive-green, apple-green, brown to nearly black
Streak:Greenish or brownish
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):6.16 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.16 g/cm3

Crystallography of Vauquelinite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 13.754(5) Å, b = 5.806(6) Å, c = 9.563(3) Å
β = 94.55°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.369 : 1 : 1.647
Unit Cell Volume:V 761.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals commonly minute and frequently wedge-shaped; irregularly aggregated; and mammillary fibrous forms; reniform; botryoidal; granular, compact.
Twinning:On {102}.

Optical Data of Vauquelinite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.110 nβ = 2.220 nγ = 2.220
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.110

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Light green
Y = Light brown
Z = Light brown
Comments:2V = near zero.

Chemical Properties of Vauquelinite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|PO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Cr, Cu, H, O, P, Pb
All elements listed in formula:Cr, Cu, H, O, P, Pb

Relationship of Vauquelinite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Fornacite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.FC.10Fornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|AsO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
7.FC.10Molybdofornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)|(MoO
 
4
,CrO
 
4
)]
7.FC.15Hemihedrite
Pb
 
10
Zn[(F,OH)
 
2
|(CrO
 
4
)
 
6
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.FC.15Iranite
Pb
 
10
Cu[(F,OH)
 
2
|(CrO
 
4
)
 
6
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.FC.20Cassedanneite
Pb
 
5
[VO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
7.FC.20Embreyite
Pb
 
5
[PO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.5.2Embreyite
Pb
 
5
[PO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
22.5.3Cassedanneite
Pb
 
5
[VO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
22.5.4Fornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|AsO
 
4
|CrO
 
4
]
22.5.5Molybdofornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu[OH|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)|(MoO
 
4
,CrO
 
4
)]
22.5.6Mendozavilite
Na(Ca,Mg)
 
2
[Fe
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(PMo
 
11
O
 
39
)(OH,Cl)
 
10
]·33H
 
2
O
22.5.7Paramendozavilite
NaAl
 
4
[Fe
 
7
(PO
 
4
)
 
5
(PMo
 
12
O
 
40
)(OH)
 
16
]·56H
 
2
O
22.5.8Betpakdalite
{Mg(H
 
2
O)
 
6
}Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
13
[Mo
6+
8
As
5+
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
36
(OH)](H
 
2
O)
 
4
22.5.9Natrobetpakdalite
(Na
 
2
,Ca)Fe
 
2
(As
 
2
Mo
 
6
O
 
28
)·15H
 
2
O
22.5.10Obradovicite
H
 
4
(K,Na)CuFe
 
2
AsO
 
4
(MoO
 
4
)
 
5
·12H
 
2
O
22.5.11Melkovite
CaFeH
 
6
(MoO
 
4
)
 
4
PO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O or near·
22.5.12Rankachite
(V
4+
 
,V
5+
 
)(W
6+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
8
(OH)•(Ca
 
x
H
 
2
O
 
y
) with x ~ 0.5, y ~ 2.
22.5.13Olmsteadite
KFe
2+
2
(Nb
5+
 
,Ta
5+
 
)[O|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
22.5.14Johnwalkite
K(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb
5+
 
,Ta
5+
 
)[O|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)

Other Names for Vauquelinite

Synonyms:
Chromate of Lead and CopperLaxmannite
Other Languages:
French:Plomb chromé
German:Chromphosphorkupferbleispath
Laxmannit
Melnochlor-Malachit
Phosphorchromit
Vauquelinit
Russian:Вокелинит
Spanish:Laxmannita
Vauquelinita
Swedish:Vauqueline

Other Information

Other Information:Partially soluble in HNO3.

Reported as an alteration product of pyromorphite and as incrustation pseudomorphs after dolomite.
Health Warning:Contains lead and chromium. Do not inhale dust and wash hands after handling.

References for Vauquelinite

Reference List:Berzelius (1818) Afhandlingar I Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, Stockholm: 6: 246 (as Vauqueline).

Berzelius, J.J. (1819) Nouveau système de Minèralogie. Translated from the Swedish. 8vo, Paris: 202.

Haüy, R.J. (1822) Traité de minéralogie. second edition, 4 volumes, with fol. Atlas: 3: 363 (as Plomb chromé).

Haidinger (1827) Edinburgh Journal of Science: 7: 213.

Phillips, Wm., augmented by Allan, R. (1837) Mineralogy, Fourth edition London: 369 (as Chromate of Lead and Copper).

John (1845) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 67 (as Chromphosphokupferbleispath).

Blum, J.R. (1863) Die Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs. Stuttgart, nachträge 3, Erlangen: 197.

Nordenskiöld (1867) Ak. Stockholm, Őfv.: 24: 655 (as Laxmannite).

Nordenskiöld (1869) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 137: 299 (as Laxmannite).

Hermann (1870) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 1: 196, 447 (as Phosphorchromit).

Davies (1877) Mineralogical Magazine: 1: 112.

Koksharov, N. von (1878) Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands. 11 volumes with atlas: vol. 8: 345.

Pisani (1880) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 3: 196.

Des Cloizeaux (1882) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 5: 53.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 916.

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 448.

Petterd, W.F. (1910) Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. 221pp., Hobart: 196.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 153.

Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, Heidelberg: vol. 9: 54.

Chirva (1935) Annals Leningrad State University, Series Geology: 1: 19 [Min. Abs.: 7: 460].

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 650-652.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1968): 126: 433.

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1980): 103: 469.

Internet Links for Vauquelinite

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    Localities for Vauquelinite

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