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Woodwardite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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08310520014966527262885.jpg
Woodwardite

Maid of Sunshine Mine, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
02969330014947158138458.jpg
Woodwardite

Gelbe Birke Mine, Beierfeld, GrĂŒnhain-Beierfeld, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany
02386040014947433685144.jpg
Woodwardite

Maid of Sunshine Mine, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
08900810014960977616107.jpg
Woodwardite

Maid of Sunshine Mine, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
02969330014947158138458.jpg
Woodwardite

Gelbe Birke Mine, Beierfeld, GrĂŒnhain-Beierfeld, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany
02386040014947433685144.jpg
Woodwardite

Maid of Sunshine Mine, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
08310520014966527262885.jpg
Woodwardite

Maid of Sunshine Mine, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
02969330014947158138458.jpg
Woodwardite

Gelbe Birke Mine, Beierfeld, GrĂŒnhain-Beierfeld, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About WoodwarditeHide

02875380014947128584907.jpg
Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Formula:
Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
where (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2); Cu:Al ratios stated to fall between 1.73 and 2.03.
Colour:
Greenish-blue, turquoise-blue
Lustre:
Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.38
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named after Samuel Pickworth Woodward (17 September 1821 – 11 July 1865), English naturalist and geologist.
See also hydrowoodwardite.
Compare also the chemically similar chalcoalumite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4314
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4314:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
6ff86477-2412-4ffb-bf02-de81d6254ce1

IMA Classification of WoodwarditeHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)
First published:
1866
Type description reference:
Church, A.H. (1866) Chemical researches on new and rare Cornish minerals. Journal of the Chemical Society: 19: 130-135.

Classification of WoodwarditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
7.DD.35

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:
31.2.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)6(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
25.2.21

25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
WwdIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of WoodwarditeHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of WoodwarditeHide

Lustre:
Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Greenish-blue, turquoise-blue
Streak:
Pale blue
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
2.38 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of WoodwarditeHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.552 - 1.571 nβ = 1.555 - 1.574 nγ = 1.565 - 1.576
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
strong

Chemistry of WoodwarditeHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O

where (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2); Cu:Al ratios stated to fall between 1.73 and 2.03.
Elements listed:
Al, Cu, H, O, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of WoodwarditeHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.306(2) Å, c = 26.77(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 5.045
Unit Cell V:
652.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Occurs as minute, botryoidal concretions with a fine-fibrous structure; spherulitic.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
8.9 Å(100)
4.47 Å(90)
2.65 Å(30)
2.55 Å(60)
2.28 Å(50)
1.98 Å(30)
1.53 Å(30)
Comments:
See also ICDD 39-0726.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
42 : Sea-floor Mn nodules
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
Geological Setting:
secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper deposits

Type Occurrence of WoodwarditeHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Cornwall, England, UK
General Appearance of Type Material:
Stalactitic forms consisting of minute botryoidal aggregations. Crusts a couple millimeters in thickness, possessing the peculiar rippled appearance. Without traces of crystalline structure.
Reference:
Church, A.H. (1866) Chemical researches on new and rare Cornish minerals. Journal of the Chemical Society: 19: 130-135.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/JCS19_130.pdf

Other Language Names for WoodwarditeHide

German:Woodwardit
Simplified Chinese:氎铜铝矟
Spanish:Woodwardita

Relationship of Woodwardite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Woodwardite Group > Hydrotalcite Supergroup
Other Members of this group:
Honessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
Hydrowoodwardite(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
ZincowoodwarditeZn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
13 photos of Woodwardite associated with AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
7 photos of Woodwardite associated with CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
4 photos of Woodwardite associated with LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
3 photos of Woodwardite associated with CarbonatecyanotrichiteCu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
3 photos of Woodwardite associated with Hydrowoodwardite(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O
3 photos of Woodwardite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
2 photos of Woodwardite associated with RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O
2 photos of Woodwardite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
2 photos of Woodwardite associated with DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
2 photos of Woodwardite associated with BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.DD.AsagiiteNiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.05FelsƑbĂĄnyaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.07LlantenesiteCu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DD.10LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. m
7.DD.10PosnjakiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2OMon. m : Pm
7.DD.10WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. m : Pm
7.DD.10GobeliniteCoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.10FehriteMgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.15SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DD.15KobyasheviteCu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.15Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.20KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.25ChristeliteCu2Zn3(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.30CampigliaiteMn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2 : B2
7.DD.30DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.30OrthoserpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OOrth. mm2 : Pca21
7.DD.30SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.DD.30NiedermayriteCdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.30EdwardsiteCu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.35Carrboydite(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35Honessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35Hydrohonessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35MotukoreaiteMg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.DD.35Mountkeithite[(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35ShigaiteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.35WermlanditeMg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DD.35ZincaluminiteZn6Al6(SO4)2(OH)16 · 5H2O
7.DD.35Hydrowoodwardite(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.DD.35ZincowoodwarditeZn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35NatroglaucoceriniteZn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OHex.
7.DD.35NikischeriteFe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.40IsseliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2OOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
7.DD.40Lawsonbauerite(Mn2+,Mg)9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.40Torreyite(Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.45MooreiteMg9◻2Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
7.DD.45Hodgesmithite(Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.47LahnsteiniteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O Tric. 1 : P1
7.DD.50NamuwiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.50Minohlite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 8H2OHex.
7.DD.52LauraniiteCu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.55BechereriteZn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)]Trig. 3 : P3
7.DD.60Ramsbeckite(Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2OMon. 2/m
7.DD.65VonbezingiteCa6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.70RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.75ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.75NickelalumiteNiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3Mon. 2/m
7.DD.75KyrgyzstaniteZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2/m
7.DD.80GuarinoiteZn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2OHex.
7.DD.80Schulenbergite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3
7.DD.80ThérÚsemagnaniteNaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.80UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn(Zn,Cu)7(SO4,CO3)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.85MontetrisaiteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Cmc21

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Dissolves readily in dilute acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WoodwarditeHide

References for WoodwarditeHide

Reference List:
Church (1866) Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science, London: 13: 85, 113.
Church, A.H. (1866) Chemical researches on new and rare Cornish minerals. Journal of the Chemical Society: 19: 130-135.
Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 98. (langite, no. 3, from Klausen).
Meixner, H. (1940) Uber Woodwardit aus Cornwall und von Klausen (hier falschlich “Langit” gennant) in Sudtirol. Zentr. Miner. Abt. A, 11, 238–244.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.p.580
Nickel, E.H. (1976) New data on woodwardite. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 644-647.
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J., Nickel, Ernest H., Pabst, Adolf (1977) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 62 (5-6) 593-600
Yakhontova, L.K., Postnikova, V.P., Vlasova, E.V., Sergeeva, N.E. (1981) New data on posnjakite, serpierite and woodwardite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 256, 1221-1225 (in Russian).
Raade, G., C.J. Elliott, and V.K. Din (1985) New data on glaucocerinite. Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 583–590.
Witzke, T. (1999) Hydrowoodwardite, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite group from Königswalde near Annaberg, Saxony/Germany and other localities. Neues Jahrbuch fĂŒr Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1999. 75-86
Mills, S. J., Christy, A. G., GĂ©nin, J.-M. R., Kameda, T., Colombo, F. (2012) Nomenclature of the hydrotalcite supergroup: natural layered double hydroxides. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1289-1336 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.10
Consani, S., Balić-Ćœunić, T., Cardinale, A.M., Sgroi, W., Giuli, G., Carbone, C. (2018): A novel synthesis routine for woodwardite and its affinity towards light (La, Ce, Nd) and heavy (Gd and Y) rare earth elements. Materials 11, 130.
(2023) Woodwardite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for WoodwarditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Durham Co.
      • Moonan Brook
        • Moonan
Ashley et al. (1999)
  • Tasmania
    • Circular Head municipality
      • Balfour-Temma district
        • Balfour
Bottrill et al. (2008)
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Neunkirchen District
      • Prigglitz
        • Gasteil
Kolitsch et al. (2014)
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
U. Kolitsch (PXRD of sample collected by J. Brugger) +1 other reference
  • Tyrol
    • KitzbĂŒhel District
      • Jochberg
        • Kupferplatte
Kolitsch (2014)
    • Kufstein District
      • Brixlegg
        • Geyer - Silberberg District
Lapis 19 (7/8)
Schnorrer et al. (2008)
Canada
 
  • Nova Scotia
    • Halifax Co.
      • Musquodoboit Harbour
Ronnie Van Dommelen collection
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Tocopilla Province
      • MarĂ­a Elena
        • Oficina MarĂ­a Elena
Collao et al. (2002)
Czech Republic
 
  • ÚstĂ­ nad Labem Region
    • Chomutov District
      • Měděnec
Sejkora et al. (2012)
France
 
  • Grand Est
    • Bas-Rhin
      • SĂ©lestat-Erstein
        • Urbeis
Aufschluss 1/85
  • Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
          • Cap Garonne Mine
SpectraLab S.r.l micro-Raman analysis
Germany
 
  • Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Badenweiler
Lapis (12)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Langelsheim
        • Astfeld
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Bestwig
Wittern (2001)
      • MĂ€rkischer Kreis
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
            • Helmke quarry nature reserve
Berthold (1982) +2 other references
    • DĂŒsseldorf
      • Mettmann
        • Heiligenhaus
Lapis 1988 (1)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Harz
      • Wernigerode
        • Hasserode
Wittern (2001)
    • Mansfeld-SĂŒdharz
      • SĂŒdharz
        • Rottleberode
Gröbner et al. (2011)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • GrĂŒnhain-Beierfeld
        • Beierfeld
Loomis (1999)
      • Königswalde
Gröbner J. et al. (2006)
      • Marienberg
        • Lauta
Hajek (2010)
Lapis 30 (7/8)
    • SĂ€chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
      • GlashĂŒtte
        • BĂ€renhecke
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
Branko Rieck analysis
LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference
Ireland
 
  • Munster
    • Cork County
      • Castletown-Bearhaven Copper Mines
Sorrell (n.d.)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Saint-Marcel
Piccoli et al. (2007)
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    • Udine Province
Bortolozzi et al. (2018)
  • Sardinia
    • Nuoro Province
      • Gadoni
Stara et al. (1999)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Eisacktal (Valle Isarco)
Exel (1987) +6 other references
Exel (1987) +1 other reference
      • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
        • Pfitsch (Val di Vizze)
          • Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo)
            • Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)
Folie et al. (2010)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Canal San Bovo
        • Vanoi Valley
          • Pralongo
Conedera M. et al. (2016)
      • Frassilongo
        • Roveda
EDX analysis.
      • Roncegno Terme
Bortolozzi et al. (2013)
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Massa Marittima
Sabelli C. et al. (GR)
    • Livorno Province
      • Capoliveri
J. Göske et al. (1997)
      • Piombino
Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references
      • Rio
        • Rio Marina
          • Cavo
            • Fornacelle and Rio Albano Mines
Cristiano Batacchi et al. (2023)
      • Sassetta
        • Canina Valley
Jansen et al. (1998)
      • Suvereto
Luigi Chiappino data
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Torrebelvicino
        • Mercanti Valley
          • Monte Trisa Mines
Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza)
Japan
 
  • Gifu Prefecture
Matsubara et al. (2006)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Taka District
      • Kami-ku
Takada & Matsuuchi (1981) +1 other reference
  • Shimane Prefecture
    • Ochi District
Watanabe et al. (2003)
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Froland
      • BĂžylestad Kobberverk
Raade et al. (1990)
  • Rogaland
    • Sauda
Raade et al. (1990)
  • Viken
    • Eidsvoll
      • Minnesund
Raade et al. (1990)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Jawor County
      • Gmina BolkĂłw
Siuda et al. (2013)
Spain
 
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • AlmodĂłvar del Campo
www.foro-minerales.com (2022)
UK (TL)
 
  • England
Mineralogical Record: 9: 113. +1 other reference
      • Camborne
        • Killivose
      • St Cleer
        • Caradon Hill
Golley et al. (1995)
        • Crow's Nest
SMLS slide library
      • St Hilary
Betterton (1989) +1 other reference
      • St Just
        • Botallack
          • Botallack Mine
Golley et al. (1995)
Golley et al. (1995)
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Ceulanymaesmawr
        • Tal-y-bont
Day (1999)
    • Gwynedd
      • Llanllyfni
        • Nantlle Vale
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Tombstone Mining District
Rob Bowell
Rob Bowell
      • Turquoise Mining District (Courtland-Gleeson Mining District)
        • Courtland
          • Casey Hill
Luetcke (n.d.)
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • San Bernardino County
      • Trojan
MarekC pers. coll. 2019
  • Colorado
    • Jefferson County
      • Ralston Buttes Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Peter Chin
Zambia
 
  • Copperbelt Province
    • Chingola District
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