Chrysothallite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Chrysothallite
Formula:
K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O
Colour:
Golden-yellow to light yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.95
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Name is an allusion to the colour and thallium content.
Second recognized mineral with essential trivalent thallium. The other such species are avicennite and kalithallite.
Other thallium-bearing chlorides: hephaistosite, steropesite, lafossaite.
Unique crystal structure with layer of distorted edge-sharing CuCl4(OH)2 octahedra; two types of isolated Tl-centered octahedra: TlCl6 and TlCl4(H2O)2; two types of K polyhedra - KCl6 and KCl9 - linking the other building blocks (Pekov et al., 2015).
Product of the interaction of fumarole gas, atmospheric water and high-temperature sublimate minerals; forming at max. temperature of 150ºC.
Other thallium-bearing chlorides: hephaistosite, steropesite, lafossaite.
Unique crystal structure with layer of distorted edge-sharing CuCl4(OH)2 octahedra; two types of isolated Tl-centered octahedra: TlCl6 and TlCl4(H2O)2; two types of K polyhedra - KCl6 and KCl9 - linking the other building blocks (Pekov et al., 2015).
Product of the interaction of fumarole gas, atmospheric water and high-temperature sublimate minerals; forming at max. temperature of 150ºC.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43874
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43874:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
f33883b1-7977-4684-9148-8a4e25fe6782
IMA Classification of Chrysothallite
Approved
Classification of Chrysothallite
3.DA.70
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Cry | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chrysothallite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Golden-yellow to light yellow
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.95 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chrysothallite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.720 nε = 1.730
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Chemistry of Chrysothallite
Mindat Formula:
K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O
Common Impurities:
Zn
Crystallography of Chrysothallite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I4/mmm
Setting:
I4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.3689(7) Å, c = 26.207(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.305
Unit Cell V:
3,387.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
13.20 Å | (44) |
6.88 Å | (100) |
5.16 Å | (30) |
4.027 Å | (26) |
3.471 Å | (28) |
3.153 Å | (30) |
3.075 Å | (47) |
2.771 Å | (38) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Chrysothallite
General Appearance of Type Material:
tabular, lamellar, equant or short prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm in size, their clusters and pseudomorphs after urusovite crystal crusts up to 1.5 cm × 2 cm in area.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, registration number 4384/1
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fumerole
Synonyms of Chrysothallite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Chrysothallite associated with Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
4 photos of Chrysothallite associated with Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
3.DA. | Centennialite | CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7) |
3.DA. | Muonionalustaite | Ni3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2O |
3.DA. | Parahibbingite | Fe2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA. | Bounahasite | Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2 |
3.DA.05 | Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
3.DA.10a | Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA.10b | Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA.10b | Clinoatacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA.10a | Hibbingite | Fe2+2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA.10a | Kempite | Mn2+2(OH)3Cl |
3.DA.10c | Kuliginite | Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10b | Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
3.DA.10c | Herbertsmithite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Kapellasite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Gillardite | Cu3Ni(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Haydeeite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Leverettite | Cu3Co(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Paratacamite-(Ni) | Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Tondiite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10c | Misakiite | Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2 |
3.DA.10b | Iyoite | MnCuCl(OH)3 |
3.DA.10b | Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide) | CuZnCl(OH)3 |
3.DA.15 | Claringbullite | Cu4ClF(OH)6 |
3.DA.15 | Barlowite | Cu4BrF(OH)6 |
3.DA.20 | Simonkolleite | Zn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2O |
3.DA.25 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
3.DA.25 | Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
3.DA.30 | Abhurite | Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6 |
3.DA.35 | Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
3.DA.40 | Anthonyite | Cu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2O |
3.DA.40 | Calumetite | CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O |
3.DA.45 | Khaidarkanite | Cu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2O |
3.DA.50 | Bobkingite | Cu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2O |
3.DA.55 | Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
3.DA.60 | Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
3.DA.70 | Dioskouriite | CaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2O |
3.DA.75 | Feodosiyite | Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2O |
3.DA.80 | Romanorlovite | K8Cu6Cl17(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chrysothallite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43874.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Chrysothallite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No 16. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (6) 2695-2709 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.6.01
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Belakovskiy, Dmitry I., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Vigasina, Marina F., Lykova, Inna S., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chrysothallite K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4·H2O, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (2) 365-376 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.14
Localities for Chrysothallite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2015) |
| Williams et al. (2013) |
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Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia