Baryte
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Bill Dameron
About Baryte
Formula:
BaSO4
As a Commodity:
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.50
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1800 by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten from the Greek ÎČαÏÏÏ, heavy, due to its unusual heaviness for a non-metallic mineral.
Note. Although frequently spelled barite in the US and some other places, the official IMA spelling is baryte.
Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series.
The barium analogue of celestine and anglesite.
Typically found as thick to thin tabular crystals, usually in clusters with the crystals growing parallel to one another, or nearly so. Also as bladed, white masses.
Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series.
The barium analogue of celestine and anglesite.
Typically found as thick to thin tabular crystals, usually in clusters with the crystals growing parallel to one another, or nearly so. Also as bladed, white masses.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Baryte.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
549
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:549:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
46d864b3-6c7a-431b-b8c1-be78a7d5f634
IMA Classification of Baryte
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ba(SO4)
Classification of Baryte
7.AD.35
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
28.3.1.1
28.3.1.1
28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
3 : AXO4
28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
3 : AXO4
25.4.17
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Brt | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Brt | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277â279. |
Brt | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Brt | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185â187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Brt | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Brt | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261â264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Pronunciation of Baryte
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Baryte
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
Vitreous to Resinous, Pearly on cleavage surfaces.
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)
Streak:
white
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}; less so on {210}; Imperfect on {010}.
Perfect on {001}; less so on {210}; Imperfect on {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.50 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.50 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Baryte
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.636 nβ = 1.637 nγ = 1.648
2V:
Measured: 36° to 42°, Calculated: 36° to 40°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak r > v
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Brown: X = Straw-yellow, Y = Wine-yellow, Z = Violet;
Yellow: X = Light yellow-brown, Y = Yellow-brown, Z = Brown;
Green: X = Nearly colourless, Y = Light green, Z = Amethyst;
Blue-green: X = Blue-violet, Y = Bluish green, Z = Violet
Yellow: X = Light yellow-brown, Y = Yellow-brown, Z = Brown;
Green: X = Nearly colourless, Y = Light green, Z = Amethyst;
Blue-green: X = Blue-violet, Y = Bluish green, Z = Violet
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Baryte
Mindat Formula:
BaSO4
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
BaO | 62.46 % |
SrO | 0.35 % |
SO3 | 33.08 % |
Fe2O3 | 0.25 % |
SiO2 | 0.25 % |
H2O | 2.00 % |
Total: | 98.39 % |
Crystallography of Baryte
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.884(2) Å, b = 5.457(3) Å, c = 7.157(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.628 : 1 : 1.312
Unit Cell V:
346.97 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Usually thin to thick tabular {001}, bounded by {210} alone or in combination with {101}, {011} or other forms. Also flattened {001}, and elongated to prismatic [010] or [100]. More rarely prismatic [001], or equant. Often as aggregates or clusters of tabular crystals with edges projecting into crest-like forms, or as rosettes. Also found as massive material, compact, laminated or concretionary; and in fibrous, stalactic, and earthy masses.
Crystallographic forms of Baryte
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000164 | Baryte | Colville A A, Staudhammer K (1967) A refinement of the structure of barite from Cow Green mine American Mineralogist 52 1877-1880 | 1967 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000663 | Baryte | Miyake M, Minato I, Morikawa H, Iwai S I (1978) Crystal structure and sulphate force constants of barite, celesite, and anglesite American Mineralogist 63 506-510 | 1978 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005145 | Baryte | Hill R J (1977) A further refinement of the barite structure The Canadian Mineralogist 15 522-526 | 1977 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005560 | Baryte | Jacobsen S D, Smyth J R, Swope R J, Downs R T (1998) Rigid-body character of the SO4 groups in celestine, anglesite and barite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1053-1060 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0017447 | Baryte | James R (1925) The Crystal Structures of Barytes, Celestine and Anglesite _cod_database_code 1010542 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A109 598-620 | 1925 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.90 Ă | (50) |
3.45 Ă | (100) |
3.32 Ă | (70) |
3.10 Ă | (100) |
2.84 Ă | (50) |
2.73 Ă | (50) |
2.12 Ă | (80) |
2.11 Ă | (80) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Commonly found as a gangue mineral in metallic ore deposits of epithermal or mesothermal origin; but it may also be found as lenses or replacement deposits in sedimentary rocks, both of hypogene and supergene origin.
Synonyms of Baryte
Other Language Names for Baryte
Arabic:ۚۧ۱ÙŰȘ
Bosnian:Barit
Catalan:Baritina
Czech:Baryt
Dutch:Bariet
Galician:Barita
German:Baryt
Achrenstein
Aehrenstein
Barit
Baritit
Baroit
Baroselenit
Bologneserspath
Bologneserstein
Boulanit
Boulonit
Dreeit
Prismatischer Halbaryt
Schwefelsaures Baryt
Schwerspat
Schwerspath
Stangenspath
Strahlbaryt
Volnyn
Fasriger Schwerspath (in part)
Honigspat (in part)
Achrenstein
Aehrenstein
Barit
Baritit
Baroit
Baroselenit
Bologneserspath
Bologneserstein
Boulanit
Boulonit
Dreeit
Prismatischer Halbaryt
Schwefelsaures Baryt
Schwerspat
Schwerspath
Stangenspath
Strahlbaryt
Volnyn
Fasriger Schwerspath (in part)
Honigspat (in part)
Hebrew:ŚŚšŚŚ
Hungarian:Barit
Icelandic:BarĂt
Japanese:éæ¶çł
Latin:Gypsum irregulare
Gypsum ponderosum
Lamellosum
Lapis Bononiensis
Lapis hepaticus
Litheophosphorus
Litheosphorus
Marmor metallicum
Spathum ponderosum
Spatum Bononiense
Spatum tessulare
Terra calcarea phlogisto et acido vitrioli mixta
Gypsum ponderosum
Lamellosum
Lapis Bononiensis
Lapis hepaticus
Litheophosphorus
Litheosphorus
Marmor metallicum
Spathum ponderosum
Spatum Bononiense
Spatum tessulare
Terra calcarea phlogisto et acido vitrioli mixta
Lithuanian:Baritas
Polish:Baryt
Portuguese:Barite
Romanian:BaritinÄ
Russian:ĐĐ°ŃĐžŃ
Serbian:ĐĐ°ŃĐžŃ
Simplified Chinese:éæ¶çł
Slovak:Barit
Slovenian:Barit
Turkish:Barit
Ukrainian:ĐĐ°ŃĐžŃ
Varieties of Baryte
Angleso-barite | A plumbian variety of Baryte. |
Baryte Rose | Rose-like aggregate of tabular baryte crystals. See also Desert Rose. |
Ca- and Sr-rich Baryte | |
Calcareobarite | A calcian variety of Baryte. |
Celestobarite (of Dana) | A strontium-bearing variety of Baryte. |
Cerian Barite | Contains 11 wt.% Ce2O3. From xenocrysts in kimberlites, associated with 'UM1984-36-SiO:CaNaZr' and banded Zr-Fe titanates. |
Hepatite | A variety of baryte that emits a fetid odour when struck. [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"] |
Hokutolite | A Pb2+-rich (plumboan) variety of baryte deposited by very acid hot springs. Generally also contains minor strontium and minute traces of radium, making recently deposited hokutolite mildly radioactive (although this disappears over time and is no longer ... |
MeiĂelspat | German name for chisel-shaped baryte crystals. |
Messerspat | German name for bladed baryte crystals. Literally 'knife spar'. |
Oakstone | A pseudostalactitic banded variety of crystalline Baryte. Originally reported from Middleton Common, Middleton, Youlgrave, Derbyshire, England, UK. |
Radian Barite | A "variety" of baryte containing trace amounts of radium. The activity of 226Ra in the material from Ohře Rift area, Czech Republic, may reach 8 Bq/g. Scaly precipitates on oil industry equipment may show a radioactivity as high as 103 Bq/g. See also u... |
Schoharite | An impure, fibrous Baryte. Originally reported from Old Strontian Mine, Schoharie Township, Schoharie County, New York, USA. |
Strontium-bearing Baryte | A Sr-bearing variety of baryte. Material near the baryte end member of the Baryte-Celestine series. |
Relationship of Baryte to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5,568 photos of Baryte associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
3,159 photos of Baryte associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
2,742 photos of Baryte associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
1,144 photos of Baryte associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
1,121 photos of Baryte associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
1,063 photos of Baryte associated with Galena | PbS |
983 photos of Baryte associated with Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
895 photos of Baryte associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
728 photos of Baryte associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
677 photos of Baryte associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.AD. | Calciolangbeinite | K2Ca2(SO4)3 |
7.AD. | Bubnovaite | K2Na8Ca(SO4)6 |
7.AD. | Dobrovolskyite | Na4Ca(SO4)3 |
7.AD. | Murphyite | Pb(Te6+O4) |
7.AD. | Cuprodobrovolskyite | Na4Cu(SO4)3 |
7.AD. | KristjĂĄnite | KNa2H(SO4)2 |
7.AD.05 | Arcanite | K2SO4 |
7.AD.05 | Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
7.AD.10 | Mercallite | KHSO4 |
7.AD.15 | Misenite | K8H6(SO4)7 |
7.AD.20 | Letovicite | (NH4)3H(SO4)2 |
7.AD.25 | Glauberite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 |
7.AD.25 | Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
7.AD.30 | Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
7.AD.30 | Metathénardite | Na2SO4 |
7.AD.35 | Anglesite | PbSO4 |
7.AD.35 | Celestine | SrSO4 |
7.AD.35 | Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
7.AD.40 | Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
7.AD.40 | Palmierite | K2Pb(SO4)2 |
7.AD.45 | Ivsite | Na3H(SO4)2 |
7.AD.55 | Markhininite | TlBi(SO4)2 |
Fluorescence of Baryte
Shades of yellow, occasionally orange or pink (LW UV). Shades of yellow, white (Franklin & Sterling Hill, NJ). May phosphoresce strongly greenish-white.
Other Information
Magnetism:
Diamagnetic
Thermal Behaviour:
Inverts to another (monoclinic?) polymorph when heated to 1149°C. Above 1400°C decomposition to barium oxide, sulphur dioxide and oxygen.
Thermoluminescent at times.
Thermoluminescent at times.
Notes:
Insoluble in water, acids, and bases. Moderately soluble in hot, concentrated sulphuric acid, due to the formation of the hydrogen sulphate.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Used as an additive in drilling fluids, as a white pigment, e. g. in cosmetic products and in paints, and as a filling material for polymers and papers, high contrast medium for medical X-rays. Also the main source of barium.
Baryte in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Baryte
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-549.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Baryte
Reference List:
Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik (1758) Försök till en Mineralogie eller Mineral Rikets UpstÀllning. J. A. Carlbohm, Stockholm.
Bergman, Torbern (1783) Sciagraphia Regni Mineralis Secundum Principia Proxima Digesti [Sketch of the Mineral Kingdom According to the Proximate Principles of Digestion]. Apud Johannem Murray, Londini. 165pp.
Lisle, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Romé de (1783) Cristallographie, ou description des formes propres à tous les corps de rÚgne minéral - Dans l'état de Combinaison saline , pierreuse ou métallique ,.as Spath pesant ou séléniteux
Lacroix (1889) Comptes rendus de lâAcadĂ©mie des sciences de Paris: 108: 1126 (as Michel-lĂ©vyte).
Valentin, J. (1889) XXXII. Mittheilungen aus dem mineralogischen Institut der UniversitĂ€t Strassburg. 14. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 15 (1) 576 doi:10.1524/zkri.1889.15.1.576
Gonnard, Ferdinand (1890) Sur un groupement de mùcles orthogonales de la barytine de Champeix (Puy-de-DÎme) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 13 (9) 354-356 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1890.2190
Barker, Th. V. (1908) I. Untersuchungen ĂŒber regelmĂ€Ăige Verwachsungen. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 45 (1) 1-59 doi:10.1524/zkri.1908.45.1.1p.25
Ungemach, Henri (1908) Notes cristallographiques sur la barytine de divers gisements. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 31 (6) 192-215 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1908.3307
Vogt, Thorolf (1908) Schwerspat aus Norwegischen Vorkommen [Tungspar from Norwegian localities]. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 1 (3) 1-56
Kolb, R. (1911) IV. Vergleich von Anhydrit, Cölestin, Baryt und Anglesit in bezug auf die VerĂ€nderung ihrer geometrischen und optischen VerhĂ€ltnisse mit der Temperatur. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 49 (1) 14-61 doi:10.1524/zkri.1911.49.1.14
Tarr, William Arthur (1919) The barite deposits of Missouri. Economic Geology, 14 (1) 46-67 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.14.1.46
Ćhashi, RyĆichi (1920) Note on the plumbiferous Barytes from Shibukuro, prefecture of Akita, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 19 (90) 73-76 doi:10.1180/minmag.1920.019.90.04
Maier, Adolf (1923) III. Kristallographische Beschreibung einiger Mineralien von der EisenblĂ€ue bei Schönau im Wiesental (Baden) Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 58 (1) 75-107 doi:10.1524/zkri.1923.58.1.75
Basche, W., Mark, H. (1926) I. Ăber die Struktur von Verbindungen des Typus MeXO4. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 64 (1) 1-70 doi:10.1524/zkri.1926.64.1.1
Bruce, E. L., Light, Margaret (1927) Barytocelestite from the Kingdon Lead Mines, Galetta, Ontario. American Mineralogist, 12 (11) 396-397
Kalb, Georg (1930) XXXII. AbhĂ€ngigkeit der Gestalt der Vizinalpyramiden von der Trachtausbildung der Kristalle. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 74 (1) 469 doi:10.1524/zkri.1930.74.1.469
Heide, F. (1931) Ăber Deformationen an Kristallen bei erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 78 (1) 257-278 doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.78.1.257
Kalb, Georg, Koch, Leo (1931) Die Kristalltracht des Baryt in minerogenetischer Betrachtung. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 78 (1) 169 doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.78.1.169
Buschendorf, Friedrich (1932) Minerogenetische Trachtstudien an jugendlichen Barytbildungen. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 81 (1) 38 doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.81.1.38
Howland, Arthur L. (1936) An occurrence of barite in the red beds of Colorado. American Mineralogist, 21 (9) 584-588
Russell, Arthur (1936) Baryte crystals from the Manvers Main colliery, Wath-upon-Dearne, near Rotherham, Yorkshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 24 (153) 318-320 doi:10.1180/minmag.1936.024.153.03
Tertsch, H. (1936) SchleifhĂ€rtenanisotropie am Baryt. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 95 (1) 296 doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.95.1.296
Patel, A. R., Koshy, J. (1968) Cleavage and etching of barite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (4) 539-546
Blount, Charles W. (1974) Synthesis of barite, celestite, anglesite, witherite, and strontianite from aqueous solutions. American Mineralogist, 59 (11-12) 1209-1219
Hill, R. J. (1977) A further refinement of the barite structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 15 (4) 522-526
Miyake, Michihiro, Minato, Ichiro, Morikawa, Hideki, Iwai, Shin-ichi (1978) Crystal structures and sulphate force constants of barite, celestite, and anglesite. American Mineralogist, 63 (5-6) 506-510
Jacobsen, Steven D., Smyth, Joseph R., Swope, R. Jeffrey, Downs, Robert T. (1998) Rigid-Body Character of the SO4 Groups in Celestine, Anglesite and Barite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (4) 1053-1060
Pina, Carlos M., Becker, Udo, Risthaus, Peter, Bosbach, Dirk, Putnis, Andrew (1998) Molecular-scale mechanisms of crystal growth in barite. Nature, 395 (6701). 483-486 doi:10.1038/26718
Majzlan, J., Navrotsky, A., Neil, J.M. (2002) Energetics of anhydrite, barite, celestine, and anglesite: a high-temperature and differential scanning calorimetry study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (10) 1839-1850 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00881-x
Lee, Jiann-Shing, Wang, Hsiu-Ru, Iizuka, Yoshiyuki, Yu, Shu-Cheng (2005) Crystal structure and Raman spectral studies of BaSO4âPbSO4 solid solution. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 220 (1) 1-9 doi:10.1524/zkri.220.1.1.58891
Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 1-18 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2170
JehlicÌka, J., VĂtek, P., Edwards, H.G.M., Hargreaves, M. D., CÌapoun, T. (2009) Fast detection of sulphate minerals (gypsum, anglesite, baryte) by a portable Raman spectrometer. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40 (8). 1082-1086 doi:10.1002/jrs.2246
Antao, S. M. (2012) Structural trends for celestite (SrSO4), anglesite (PbSO4), and barite (BaSO4): Confirmation of expected variations within the SO4 groups. American Mineralogist, 97 (4) 661-665 doi:10.2138/am.2012.3905
Widanagamage, Inoka, Waldron, Allison, Glamoclija, Mihaela (2018) Controls on Barite Crystal Morphology during Abiotic Precipitation. Minerals, 8 (11) 480 doi:10.3390/min8110480
Significant localities for Baryte
Showing 70 significant localities out of 13,970 recorded on mindat.org.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
| R Bottrill collection. +1 other reference |
| USGS Open File Report 81-1666 +6 other references |
| Brathwaite (1969) +4 other references |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Belgium | |
| Harjo Neutkens collection. +1 other reference |
| Harjo Neutkens collection |
Canada | |
| Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +3 other references |
| Jambor et al. (1965) +3 other references |
| Min Rec (1981) |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) +1 other reference |
France | |
| J.-J. Périchaud: "Les Minéraux ... |
| Belot (1978) +1 other reference |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
Gol D. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Thierry JEAN |
| Belot (1978) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Walenta et al. (1984) +2 other references |
| Markus Gerstmann - Collection |
Markus Gerstmann - Collection | |
Hungary | |
| SzakĂĄll et al. (1996) |
Ireland | |
| Barry Flannery (Personal Collection) +2 other references |
| Barry Flannery Collection and Stephen Moreton (Pers. Comm.) +2 other references |
Gasparrini (1978) +5 other references | |
Italy | |
| Marco Macchieraldo collection +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| D'Achiardi A. |
Namibia | |
| Min.Rec.: 20 (5) +2 other references |
Norway | |
| Vogt (1908) +2 other references |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
Poland | |
| Kowalski et al. (1982) |
Romania | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| GrambliÄka R. (2006) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| MilĂĄ et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Calvo (2014) |
UK | |
| Dunham K C. 1990. Geology of the ... |
| Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ... +1 other reference |
| Corrie et al. (2003) |
| Specimens offered by Lawsons from ... +1 other reference |
| Dunham Sir K C. Geology of the Northern ... |
| Dr Stephen Moreton |
Ukraine | |
| Ewa Chojecka (1980) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.:57:62. +6 other references |
| Howland (1936) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 62:319. |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:518. +11 other references |
| Bill Clark collection |
| Matrix 10:4 pp 245-259 |
Hull (1920) +1 other reference | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| J. Wingard |
| Roberts et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Kyle (1976) +2 other references |
| Rick Dilhoff's collection |
Lasmanis (1991) |
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Kremnica Au-Ag deposit, Kremnica, Ćœiar nad Hronom District, BanskĂĄ Bystrica Region, Slovakia