Berlinite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Berlinite
Formula:
AlPO4
Colour:
Colourless, greyish or pale pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
2.64 - 2.66
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Honouring Professor Nils Johan Berlin (18 February 1812 â 27 December 1891), pharmacologist in the University of Lund, Sweden.
Isostructural with:
The Al-P-analogue of quartz; ordering of Al and P atoms in the crystal structure leads to a doubled c axis.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
633
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:633:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
9c01f0b4-d37a-47b9-acc9-8a34ce1d06df
IMA Classification of Berlinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Al(PO4)
Classification of Berlinite
8.AA.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
A : With small cations (some also with larger ones)
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
A : With small cations (some also with larger ones)
38.4.2.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
19.7.1
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Ber | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Berlinite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, greyish or pale pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
white
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.64 - 2.66 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.618 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
2.56 (artificial material).
Optical Data of Berlinite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.524 nε = 1.532
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.008
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Chemistry of Berlinite
Mindat Formula:
AlPO4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Si
Crystallography of Berlinite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P31 2 1
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.941 Å, c = 10.94 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.214
Unit Cell V:
231.30 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Crystals similar to quartz. Granules to 6 mm; massive.
Twinning:
subparallel twinning lamellae
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0004489 | Berlinite | Onac B P, Effenberger H S (2007) Re-examination of berlinite (AlPO4) from the Cioclovina Cave, Romania American Mineralogist 92 1998-2001 | 2007 | Cioclovina Cave, Romania | 0 | 293 | |
0007986 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007987 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007988 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007989 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007990 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007991 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007992 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007993 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007994 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007995 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007996 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007997 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007998 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0007999 | Berlinite | Muraoka Y, Kihara K (1997) The temperature dependence of the crystal structure of berlinite, a quartz-type form of AlPO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 243-253 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008130 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008131 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008132 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008133 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008134 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008135 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008136 | Berlinite | Christie D M, Chelikowsky J R (1998) Structural properties of alpha-berlinite (AlPO4) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 222-226 | 1998 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.369 Ă | (100) |
4.28 Ă | (25) |
1.835 Ă | (16) |
2.471 Ă | (12) |
2.306 Ă | (12) |
1.393 Ă | (12) |
1.389 Ă | (12) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Berlinite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland; II-9574.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 101252
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 101252
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Berlinite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Berlinite associated with Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
5 photos of Berlinite associated with Burangaite | NaFe2+Al5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
3 photos of Berlinite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
3 photos of Berlinite associated with Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Wagnerite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)F |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Ruifrancoite | Ca2(â»,Mn)2(Fe3+,Mn,Mg)4Be4(PO4)6(OH)4(OH,H2O)2 · 4H2O |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Hydroxylherderite | CaBe(PO4)(OH) |
2 photos of Berlinite associated with Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.AA.05 | Alarsite | AlAsO4 |
8.AA.10 | Beryllonite | NaBePO4 |
8.AA.15 | Hurlbutite | CaBe2(PO4)2 |
8.AA.20 | Lithiophosphate | Li3PO4 |
8.AA.25 | Nalipoite | NaLi2PO4 |
8.AA.30 | Olympite | Na5Li(PO4)2 |
Fluorescence of Berlinite
may fluoresce dark red
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Exhibits the same thermal inversions as SiO2, but at somewhat lower temperatures.
Readily soluble in alkalies; virtually insoluble in cold acids.
Readily soluble in alkalies; virtually insoluble in cold acids.
Notes:
Inverts at 583° to a polymorph isotypic with ÎČ-SiO2.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Berlinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-633.html
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References for Berlinite
Reference List:
Localities for Berlinite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
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Brazil | |
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China | |
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Czech Republic | |
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Germany | |
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Indonesia | |
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Italy | |
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Jordan | |
| Galuskin, Evgeny V., Stachowicz, Marcin, Galuskina, Irina O., WoĆșniak, Krzysztof, Vapnik, Yevgeny, Murashko, Mikhail N., ZieliĆski, Grzegorz (2023) Deynekoite, Ca9 Fe3 (PO4)7 â a new mineral of the merrillite group from phosphide-bearing contact facies of paralava, Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-31 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.71 |
Madagascar | |
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| Morteani, Giulio, Ackermand, Dietrich (2006) Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrology of an amphibolite-facies aluminum-phosphate and borosilicate (APB)-bearing quartzite from the Mesoproterozoic Itremo Group (Central Madagascar). Neues Jahrbuch fĂŒr Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 182 (2). 123-148 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2006/0036 |
Malaysia | |
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Nigeria | |
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Peru | |
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Portugal | |
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Romania | |
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Rwanda | |
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Spain | |
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Sweden (TL) | |
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| Ek, Roland, Nysten, Per (1990) Phosphate mineralogy of the HÄlsjöberg and HökensÄs kyanite deposits. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 112 (1). 9-18 doi:10.1080/11035899009453156 |
Switzerland | |
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USA | |
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HÄlsjöberg, Torsby, VÀrmland County, Sweden