Heulandite-Ca
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Heulandite-Ca
Formula:
(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Colour:
White, colorless, red, yellow, brown, green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.1 - 2.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1822 by Henry James Brooke in honor of Johann Heinrich "John Henry" Heuland [March 21, 1778 Beyreuth, Germany - November 16, 1856 Hastings, Sussex, England, UK], a mineral collector and mineral dealer living in England and for the suffix indicating dominant Ca. Despite having an international reputation, there are no known images of Henry Heuland.
Type Locality:
The calcium analogue of Heulandite-Ba, Heulandite-K, Heulandite-Na, and Heulandite-Sr.
Clinoptilolite-Ca-Heulandite-Ca Series.
Clinoptilolite-Ca-Heulandite-Ca Series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6988
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6988:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6311f3b5-b1e7-43d3-856e-3d80a89ea48d
IMA Classification of Heulandite-Ca
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Approval year:
1997
Classification of Heulandite-Ca
9.GE.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
E : Chains of T10O20 Tetrahedra
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
E : Chains of T10O20 Tetrahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
77.1.4.1
77.1.4.1
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hul-Ca | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Hul | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Hul | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Hul | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Hul | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Hul | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Heulandite-Ca
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {010}
Colour:
White, colorless, red, yellow, brown, green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on the {010}
Perfect on the {010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.1 - 2.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Heulandite-Ca
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.491 - 1.505 nβ = 1.493 - 1.503 nγ = 1.500 - 1.512
2V:
Measured: 10° to 48°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.009
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v distinct
Optical Extinction:
Z = b; X ∧ a = 0°-34°; Y ∧ c = 0°-32°.
Chemistry of Heulandite-Ca
Mindat Formula:
(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Crystallography of Heulandite-Ca
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.73 Å, b = 17.82 Å, c = 7.43 Å
β = 116.33°
β = 116.33°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.995 : 1 : 0.417
Unit Cell V:
2,103.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Rhombic prisms, or coffin-shaped tabular crystals, granular, massive. Often in curved aggregates.
Twinning:
{100} is twin and contact plane.
Comment:
Merkle & Slaughter (1967). The reduced cell has beta ~113°. May be triclinic due to Al-Si ordering.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000154 | Heulandite-Ca | Merkle A B, Slaughter M (1967) The crystal structure of heulandite (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si7O18].6H2O American Mineralogist 52 273-276 | 1967 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000180 | Heulandite-Ca | Merkle A B, Slaughter M (1968) Determination and refinement of the structure of heulandite American Mineralogist 53 1120-1138 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000810 | Heulandite-Ca | Mortier W J, Pearce J R (1981) Thermal stability of the heulandite-type framework: Crystal structure of the calcium/ammonium form dehydrated at 483K American Mineralogist 66 309-314 | 1981 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001668 | Heulandite-Ca | Gunter M E, Armbruster T, Kohler T, Knowles C R (1994) Crystal structure and optical properties of Na- and Pb-exchanged heulandite-group zeolites Atomic parameters from ICSD American Mineralogist 79 675-682 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0006866 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
0006867 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 1.45 | 293 | ||
0006868 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 3.4 | 293 | ||
0006869 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 0.0001 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.917 Å | (100) |
2.959 Å | (90) |
8.84 Å | (80) |
7.80 Å | (70) |
5.096 Å | (70) |
3.420 Å | (70) |
2.805 Å | (70) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) | |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
Geological Setting:
Cavities in basalt and as a devitrification product from volcanic glasses.
Type Occurrence of Heulandite-Ca
Synonyms of Heulandite-Ca
Other Language Names for Heulandite-Ca
Varieties of Heulandite-Ca
Beaumontite (of Lévy) | Beaumontite differs from standard heulandite as a crystallographic variety with fewer crystal faces, resulting in beaumontite resembling an orthorhombic mineral with "right square prism". Most beaumontite, by coincidence, is generally golden yellow. |
Relationship of Heulandite-Ca to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Heulandite-Ba | (Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Heulandite-K | (K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
386 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
198 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
171 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
169 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
121 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
111 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Chalcedony | SiO2 |
85 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
85 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
75 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
58 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-Ca | Ca3(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-K | K6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
9.GE.05 | Heulandite-K | (K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O |
9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Ba | (Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 22H2O |
9.GE.10 | Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
9.GE.10 | Stilbite-Na | Na9(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
9.GE.15 | Barrerite | Na2(Si7Al2)O18 · 6H2O |
9.GE.15 | Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
9.GE.20 | Brewsterite-Ba | (Ba,Sr)[Al2Si6O16] · 5H2O |
9.GE.20 | Brewsterite-Sr | (Sr,Ba,Ca)[Al2Si6O16] · 5H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Heulandite-Ca
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6988.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Heulandite-Ca
Reference List:
Merkle, A. B., Slaughter, M. (1968) Determination and refinement of the structure of heulandite. American Mineralogist, 53 (7-8) 1120-1138
Alberti, A. (1972) On the crystal structure of the zeolite heulandite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 18 (2). 129-146 doi:10.1007/bf01081798
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, Nickel, Ernest H., Passaglia, Elio, Peacor, Donald R., Quartieri, Simona, Rinaldi, Romano, Ross, Malcolm I., Sheppard, Richard A., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Vezzalini, Giovanna (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6) 1571-1606
Localities for Heulandite-Ca
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| G. Aliotta et al. (1996) |
Australia | |
| RRUFF Database - File RO60465 |
| Birch (1989) |
Austria | |
| Carinthia II (2013) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Löffler et al. (2011) |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
| Postl (2007) |
| Bernhard (2009) |
| Kolitsch (2022) |
| Kolitsch (2017) +1 other reference |
Kolitsch (2014) | |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
Brazil | |
| Rob Lavinsky |
| Pinto V. et al. (2011) |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Ruiz (2001) |
Canada | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Grand Manan Museum |
Grand Manan Museum | |
King (n.d.) | |
Sabina (2015) | |
| Groat et al. (2003) |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2002) |
| Walker et al. (1922) |
Traill (1970) | |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2002) |
Rob Lavinsky | |
Walker et al. (1922) +1 other reference | |
Pe-Piper (2000) | |
| Ronnie Van Dommelen collection. Kerry ... |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Horváth collection |
| Lafontaine (1979) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Bohuslav Bures photo and specimen (confirmed by PXRD and EMPA WDS) +2 other references |
| Zeman +4 other references |
| P.Pauliš et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Erionite-Ca from the Michlův hill near ... |
| P.Pauliš et al. (Czech rep.) |
| |
| Kudělásková et al. (1990) |
| Novotný +2 other references |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
| Novotný |
| PAULIŠ et al. (2022) |
| Pauliš et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie vol.26 |
| Dvorák et al. (2017) |
| Review of zeolite mineralizations from ... |
Ecuador | |
| R. S. Bowman and S. E. Delap (Eds.) |
| R. S. Bowman and S. E. Delap (Eds.) |
France | |
| Bernard (2011) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
Germany | |
| Habel (2009) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
Belendorff (2021) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
Hungary | |
| Mineral Species of Hungary |
Mineral Species of Hungary | |
| Szakáll (2002) |
Iceland | |
| Weisenberger et al. (2009) |
Weisenberger et al. (2009) | |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz +1 other reference |
Weisenberger et al. (2009) | |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
India | |
| Tony Nichisher |
| ... |
Rob Lavinsky | |
Verlag Ch.Weise (in German) +2 other references | |
Verlag Ch.Weise (in German) +1 other reference | |
| Arnav Khokarale Collection |
| Arnav Khokarale Collection |
Arnav Khokarale Collection | |
| Praszkier et al. (2007) |
| Rock Currier photo |
Arnav Khokarale Collection | |
Iran | |
| Kousehlar et al. (2012) |
| Bazargani-Guilani et al. (2004) |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (2006) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Bracco R. et al. (2005) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Ambrino et al. (2009) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Franco Luca Bonino's collection |
Bianco et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Mattioli V. (1976) +2 other references |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Pongiluppi et al. (1974) +3 other references |
Pongiluppi et al. (1974) +3 other references | |
Pongiluppi et al. (1974) | |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) |
S. Cuccuru (2011) | |
| Passaglia (1972) +5 other references |
| Exel (1980) +3 other references |
| De Michele (1974) +7 other references |
| Ferretti et al. (2013) |
| Mattioli et al. (2016) |
| Andrea Canal collection. Performed analyses : XRD at the laboratory of ENI-Versalis (Porto Marghera) |
| Pegoraro et al. (2017) |
| Boscardin (2002) +3 other references |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin (2002) +2 other references |
| www.tron.vi.it (2001) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
Della Costa (2014) | |
| Carbonin et al. (2003) +3 other references |
Carbonin et al. (2003) +3 other references | |
Japan | |
| Mark Mauthner collection No. 382 (originally collected by Dr. Atsushi Gomi) |
| Harada et al (1969) |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 11 (1982) |
Madagascar | |
| Praszkier (2010) |
Mexico | |
| Wilson et al. (1986) |
| Peter Megaw specimens |
| Megaw (2023) |
New Zealand | |
| T. Saunderson collection +1 other reference |
T. Saunderson collection | |
| T. Saunderson collection |
Norway | |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Breivik (2017) |
| Frigstad (1985) +1 other reference |
| Breivik et al. (2010) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| Nordrum +2 other references |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Eldjarn (1973) +1 other reference |
Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2003) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Ellingsen et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum (2008) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2006) |
| Nordrum +2 other references |
Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Larsen (2002) |
| Larsen (2002) |
Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
| Larsen (2002) +1 other reference |
Larsen (2002) | |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
| Stensrud (2004) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl (2013) |
Philippines | |
| Olegario-Sanchez et al. (2017, December) |
Poland | |
| Pusch (1833) +2 other references |
Kreutz S. (1931) +1 other reference | |
| Piekarska E. (1954) |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| Geologia Sudetica 20 (2) +1 other reference |
Geologia Sudetica 20 (2) +1 other reference | |
Portugal | |
| SEM-EDX by Marco E Ciriotti April 2012 |
Rui Nunes collection | |
| Rui Nunes' collection |
Rui Nunes collection | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data. Specimens ... |
| Rui Nunes collection |
Alexandre Pedroso collection. | |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1984) |
| Burlakov (1999) |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski ( https://www.mindat.org/mesg-613516.html ) +1 other reference |
Levitsky (webmineral.ru) | |
collection V.V. Levitsky | |
in collection of Fersman Mineralogical ... | |
Chukanov et al. (2003) | |
Kievlenko et al. (1987) | |
| Kudryashova (1973) +1 other reference |
| Pekov et al. (2004) |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) |
Pekov (2000) | |
Yakovenchuk et al. (2011) | |
| Yakovenchuk et al. (2007) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003) |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko |
| Kreutz S. (1931) |
| Števko M. et al. (2019) |
South Africa | |
| Heron +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Tanago et al. (2012) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Jahn (2008) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| American Mineralogist (1968) +1 other reference |
| Stéphane Cuchet and Nicolas Meisser |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1977) |
Tanzania | |
| Mineralogical Record (2009) |
UK | |
| J. Russell Socierty 2006 |
| Green et al. (2005) |
| Brooke H J (1822) |
Ukraine | |
| Tischenko A. data |
| Tischenko Alexander |
| Dvoichenko (1914) +1 other reference |
| Dobrovolskaya T.I. (2004) |
| Emetz et al. (2005) |
USA | |
| Di Renzo et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:4 |
Rocks & Minerals 79:4 | |
| Former Ronald Januzzi collection |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference | |
| 'Heulandite' should be changed to ... |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Field observations July 2020 |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
Moritz (n.d.) | |
Walter D. Munson (of Southbury) | |
Visually identified by Mike Polletta | |
Identified by Mike Polletta | |
| Fujishima et al. (1977) |
Dunham (1933) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (March, 2001) |
Ream (2004) | |
| [var: Beaumontite (of Lévy)] M. Levy (1839) |
| Ted Johnson collection |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Rob Lavinsky photo |
| rruff.info (n.d.) |
| King (2022) |
| Lance Kearns |
| Tony Nikischer |
| Patrick Haynes |
| Michael C. Michayluk collection |
| Jeff Weissman specimen |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) |
| Chamberlain |
| New York State Museum mineral collection +1 other reference |
Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew | |
| Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological ... |
| Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological ... |
| Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological ... |
| Micro Probe Volume IX Number 3 Spring ... |
| Phyllis Richardson |
Phyllis Richardson | |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| ID'd by Tony Kampf |
| ID'd by Tony Kampf. I had listed them ... |
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Gunnedah, Pottinger Co., New South Wales, Australia