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Bunsenite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Bunsenite (3)

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Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Bunsenite

Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

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About BunseniteHide

Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen

Formula:

NiO

Colour:

Dark pistachio-green

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

5½

Specific Gravity:

6.898

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Periclase Group

Name:

Named by James Dwight Dana in 1868 in honor of Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (30 March 1811, Göttingen, Germany - 16 August 1899, Heidelberg, Germany), Professor of Chemistry, Heidelberg. He was an important analytical chemist and had observed artificial crystals of nickel oxide. Along with Gustav Kirchhoff, Bunsen investigated emission spectra of heated elements leading to the discovery of two elements: cesium and rubidium. The well known Bunsen burner was devised to obtain clean burning flames in order to collect pure spectra of elements so they might be identified by their emmission spectra. and the burner is named after him. Bunsen persued geological problems including the temperature of water in active geysers. Bunsen also invented several improvements to chemical batteries, including the Bunsen battery, which is also named for him. Bunsen was an important teacher and two of his famous students include: Dmitri Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer, both of whom established aspects of the periodic law of the elements and both of whom are credited with devising what has come to be known as the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Periclase Group.

A rare nickel oxide.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

801

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:801:7

GUID
(UUID V4):

8a7e8926-b987-4ff2-90d7-9bcd80e6ee51

IMA Classification of BunseniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1858

Classification of BunseniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.AB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only

Dana 8th ed.:

4.2.1.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.22.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
22 : Oxides of Ni

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Bse	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of BunseniteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of BunseniteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Dark pistachio-green

Streak:

Brownish-black

Hardness:

5½ on Mohs scale

Density:

6.898 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.806 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of BunseniteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 2.37

Birefringence:

Isotropic minerals have no birefringence

Surface Relief:

Very High

Chemistry of BunseniteHide

Mindat Formula:

NiO

Elements listed:

Ni, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of BunseniteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.1769 Å

Unit Cell V:

72.87 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedral, sometimes with modifying dodecahedron or cube.

Twinning:

Observed on natural crystals.

Comment:

synthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0011371	Bunsenite	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York rocksalt structure Crystal Structures 1 85-237	1963		293
0017026	Bunsenite	Cairns R, Ott E (1933) X-Ray Studies of the System Nickel-Oxygen-Water. I. Nickelous Oxide and Hydroxide _cod_database_code 1010093 Journal of the American Chemical Society 55 527-533	1933		293
0017028	Bunsenite	Smith N (1936) The Structure of Thin Films of Metallic Oxides and Hydrates _cod_database_code 1010095 Journal of the American Chemical Society 58 173-179	1936		293
0017306	Bunsenite	Thomassen L (1940) An X-Ray Investigation of the System Cr2O3 - NiO _cod_database_code 1010381 Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 1134-1135	1940		293
0015491	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 0.0 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293
0015492	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 0.2 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293
0015493	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 0.4 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293
0015494	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 0.6 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293
0015495	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 0.8 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293
0015496	Bunsenite	Taguchi H (1998) Relationship between crystal structure and electrical properties of murdochite-type Ni6+2xMn1-xO8 Sample Number: x = 1.0 Solid State Communications 108 635-639	1998	Synthetic	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Bunsenite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wyckoff R W G'
_journal_name_full 'Crystal Structures'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 85
_journal_page_last 237
_publ_section_title
;
 Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York
 rocksalt structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011371
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ni O'
_cell_length_a 4.1684
_cell_length_b 4.1684
_cell_length_c 4.1684
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 72.428
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.850
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F m 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Ni   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
O   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.088 Å	(100)
2.410 Å	(91)
1.476 Å	(57)
0.9838 Å	(21)
0.8517 Å	(17)
1.259 Å	(16)
1.206 Å	(13)

Comments:

Synthetic

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Geological Setting:

Hydrothermal vein, metamorphosed meteorite

Type Occurrence of BunseniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Johanngeorgenstadt, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Technische Universität, Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, number 10471.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In a hydrothermal Ni–U vein.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of BunseniteHide

Nickeloxydul

Other Language Names for BunseniteHide

German:Bunsenit

Russian:Бунзенит

Simplified Chinese:绿镍矿

Spanish:Bunsenita

Traditional Chinese:綠鎳礦

Relationship of Bunsenite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Periclase Group

Other Members of this group:

Manganosite	MnO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
Periclase	MgO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
Wüstite	FeO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.AB.	Carbon Monoxide Ice	CO
4.AB.05	Crednerite	CuMnO₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.AB.10	Tenorite	CuO	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.AB.15	Delafossite	CuFeO₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.AB.15	Mcconnellite	CuCrO₂	Trig. 3m : R3m
4.AB.20	Bromellite	BeO	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.AB.20	Zincite	ZnO	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.AB.25	Lime	CaO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.AB.25	Manganosite	MnO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.AB.25	Monteponite	CdO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.AB.25	Periclase	MgO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.AB.25	Wüstite	FeO	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.AB.30	Palladinite	PdO	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mmc
4.AB.35	Hongquiite	TiO

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BunseniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-801.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for BunseniteHide

Reference List:

Bergemann, C. (1858) XXVI. Ueber einige Nickelerze. Journal für praktische Chemie: 75: 239-244. [as Nickeloxydul]

Bergemann (1859) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde: 450. [as Nickeloxydul]

Dana, J.D., Brush, G.J. (1868) Bunsenite. in A System of Mineralogy, Fifth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York: 134-135.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.500-501

(2023) Bunsenite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for BunseniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
Western Australia Coolgardie Shire ⓘ Kambalda	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate Wadi Sikait ⓘ Emerald mines	Ibrahim (2014)

Germany
Saxony-Anhalt Mansfeld-Südharz Helbra ⓘ August Bebel smelter (Kochhütte smelter) slag locality	H. Knoll +1 other reference
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis ⓘ Johanngeorgenstadt (TL)	C. Bergemann (1858) +1 other reference
Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine	Hajek (2010)
ⓘ Marienberg mining district	Thalheim et al. (2006)

Italy
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Villette ⓘ Pian dei Sali serpentinite (Monte Netto - Cresta della Colmine northwest slope)	Boscardin et al. (2013)

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex Hashem region Lisdan-Siwaga Fault Siwaga Tulul al Hammam ⓘ Unnamed marble quarries	Sokol +9 other references
ⓘ Unnamed phosphorite quarry	Britvin et al. (2023)

Kazakhstan
East Kazakhstan Region Ulan District ⓘ Tochka Deposit ?	Zimanovskaya et al. (2022)

Norway
Troms og Finnmark Karasjok ⓘ Sargejåk	Neumann (1985)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie ⓘ Szklary	Kierczak et al. (2007)

Russia
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Plosky Tolbachik Volcano ⓘ 2012-2013 Fissure Tolbachik Eruption site	Zelenski et al. (2020)
Orenburg Oblast Aidyrlya River ⓘ Aidyrlya gold deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ⓘ Rai-Iz Ophiolite Massif	Yang et al. (2015)

South Africa
Mpumalanga Ehlanzeni District Municipality Mbombela Local Municipality Barberton ⓘ Bon Accord Ni deposit	De Waal et al. (1974) +2 other references
North West Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality Naledi Local Municipality Vryburg ⓘ Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure)	Andreoli et al. (1997) +2 other references

Ukraine
Ternopil Oblast Chortkiv Raion Ivane-Zolote ⓘ Dniester Group	Sungatullin et al. (2018)

Bunsenite

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