Bayldonite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Bayldonite
Formula:
PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2
Colour:
Green, apple-green, yellow-green; dark green to black (crystals)
Lustre:
Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
5.24 - 5.65
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1865 by Arthur Herbert Church in honor of English physician John Bayldon [1837(8) - April 6, 1872 Melbourne, Australia]. Bayldon received degrees from University of Edinburgh and University of London. In the late 1850's, Bayldon was lecturer of botany at the Royal College of Surgeons at Edinburgh. While in Edinburgh, he also published observations of geological and botanical subjects. He emigrated to Australia in 1866 for health reasons. He became surgeon and medical officer of the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum, and, for a short time before his death from Bright's Disease, was the Superintendent of the Ararat Lunatic Asylum. It is widely stated that John Bayldon found the original specimens. He did not. Church (1865) specifically states that the specimen came from a mineral dealer Mr. [Richard] Talling, who had supplied Church with a number of new species.
Type Locality:
A relatively rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of polymetallic deposits.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
581
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:581:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
797b5efa-e14f-4967-8666-31213bc0982d
IMA Classification of Bayldonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2
First published:
1865
Classification of Bayldonite
8.BH.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.5.14.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
20.5.4
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bay | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bayldonite
Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Green, apple-green, yellow-green; dark green to black (crystals)
Streak:
Siskin green to apple green
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous
Density:
5.24 - 5.65 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.707 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bayldonite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.951 nβ = 1.970 nγ = 1.991
2V:
Calculated: 89°
Birefringence:
0.040
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
Y^elongation = 45°; X=b
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Bayldonite
Mindat Formula:
PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2
Crystallography of Bayldonite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.081 Å, b = 5.892 Å, c = 10.147 Å
β = 106.5°
β = 106.5°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.39 : 1 : 1.722
Unit Cell V:
807.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals rare. Common as mammillary crusts with a fibrous structure; fine-grained massive; powdery.
Twinning:
Pseudoscalenohedral trillings with the composition plane (311).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009665 | Bayldonite | Ghose S, Wan C (1979) Structural chemistry of copper and zinc minerals. VI. Bayldonite, (Cu,Zn)3Pb(AsO4)2(OH)2: A complex layer structure Acta Crystallographica B35 819-823 |  | 1979 | Tsumeb, S.W. Africa | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.516 Å | (65) |
| 3.231 Å | (72) |
| 3.148 Å | (100) |
| 2.932 Å | (78) |
| 2.723 Å | (60) |
| 2.658 Å | (55) |
| 2.260 Å | (54) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zones of copper- and lead-bearing deposits.
Type Occurrence of Bayldonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grass-green to blackish green mammillary masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
It is commonly reported the type specimen is BM 1921,433 at the Natural History Museum, London, England, UK. This is however incorrect - the specimen that has the strongest links with the analyses of A. Church is BM 1964,R8217, also at the NHM, London.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Church, A.H. (1865) Chemical researches on some new and rare Cornish minerals. Journal of the Chemical Society: 18: 259-268.
Synonyms of Bayldonite
Other Language Names for Bayldonite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 109 photos of Bayldonite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 106 photos of Bayldonite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 78 photos of Bayldonite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 72 photos of Bayldonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 24 photos of Bayldonite associated with Arsentsumebite | Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| 23 photos of Bayldonite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 19 photos of Bayldonite associated with Beudantite | PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 19 photos of Bayldonite associated with Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 18 photos of Bayldonite associated with Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 17 photos of Bayldonite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
| 8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
| 8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH,F) |
| 8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2(Fe3+,Al)(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
| 8.BH.20 | Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
| 8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | (Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Palermoite | (Li,Na)2(Sr,Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
| 8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite-alpha | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67◻0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
| 8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
| 8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
| 8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Fluorescence of Bayldonite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in HCl with difficulty.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bayldonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-581.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Bayldonite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.45
Cesbron, Fabien, Vachey, Helene (1974) The unit-cell and twin of bayldonite. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (306) 716-718 doi:10.1180/minmag.1974.039.306.12
Ghose, S., Wan, C. (1979) Structural chemistry of copper and zinc minerals. VI. Bayldonite, (Cu,Zn)3Pb(AsO4)2(OH)2: a complex layer structure. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 35 (4) 819-823 doi:10.1107/s0567740879004970
Sumin de Portilla, Valentina, Quevedo, Manuel Portilla, Stepanov, Victor I. (1981) The structure of bayldonite: chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 66 (1-2) 148-153
Magalhães, M. Clara F., Pedrosa de Jesus, Julio D., Williams, Peter A. (1988) The Chemistry of Formation of Some Secondary Arsenate Minerals of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) Mineralogical Magazine, 52 (368) 679-690 doi:10.1180/minmag.1988.052.368.12
Makreski, Petre, Jovanovski, Stefan, Pejov, Ljupčo, Petruševski, Gjorgji, Ugarković, Sonja, Jovanovski, Gligor (2015) Theoretical and experimental study of the vibrational spectra of liroconite, Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4∙4H2O and bayldonite, Cu3Pb[O(AsO3OH)2(OH)2]. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 79. 36-43 doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2015.04.006
Localities for Bayldonite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| King (n.d.) |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2006) |
Australia | |
| Leverett et al. (2003) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Minerals of Broken Hill | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| The Daydream Mine | |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Nickel et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Australian J. Mineralogy 13 (1) | |
| Grice et al. (1991) | |
Austria | |
| Puttner (1996) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
Chile | |
| T. Kampf analysis |
| bob jenkins collection |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter et al. (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy) |
China | |
| Lairen Lai and Yi Li (1991) +2 other references |
| Lairen Lai and Yi Li (1991) |
| Hercule Shen |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
| American Mineralogist 79 +1 other reference |
Europe | |
| Jansa et al. (Č) +3 other references |
France | |
| Belot (1978) |
| Horst Schabereiter collection (visual ID Uwe Kolitsch) +1 other reference |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Anthony et al. (2000) | |
| Valverde J. (1999) |
| Fiche BSS BRGM n° 11183X4002/GT |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection. |
| Wittern |
| Minéraux et mines du massif Vosgien |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) | |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Berbain et al. (2000) |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) |
| collection BONNET Frederic |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Le Cahier des micromonteurs |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| R. Pierrot |
| Jean-Marie Claude collection +1 other reference |
| Jean-Marie Claude collection. | |
| CLAUDE jean-marie : trouvaille et ... | |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Pöllmann et al. (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 21 (12) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Wittern (1995) |
| Erzgräber 7 (1993) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Lapis 25 (2) |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Belendorff et al. (1987) | |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer et al. (2009) |
| J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg et al. (2007) |
| Henrich et al. (2019) |
| Matthias Reinhardt (2011) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) | |
| ohannes Markus Henrich +2 other references |
| Graf et al. (1992) |
| Habel et al. (2009) |
| min max |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis (5) |
| Lapis (5) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Markl et al. (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Lapis (4) |
| Kleeberg et al. (1992) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) | |
| Witzke (2012) |
| Knoll (2009) |
Greece | |
| Hanke (1996) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| |
| Bódi-Tóth-Own found-2010-2013 |
Ireland | |
| Morrissey (1970) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| G. Armellino collection |
| Vergani et al. (2020) |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Biffi et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Guastoni (2009) |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Campostrini et al. (1999) |
| Fabio Tosato +3 other references |
| Luigi Chiappino |
Japan | |
| Yamada (2005) |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
Mexico | |
| Moore et al. (2003) |
Morocco | |
| Georges Favreau collection |
Namibia | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Ettler et al. (2009) | |
| Dunn (1991) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2020) |
Poland | |
| Siuda R. et al. (Rudawy Janowickie Mts., Sudetes, Poland) |
Portugal | |
| Rui Nunes - November 2007 |
| Alves et al. (2017) |
Romania | |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
Russia | |
| Nenasheva et al. (2011) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Calvo (2015) +1 other reference |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| J. Gröbner und B. Sainz de Barranda (1999) |
| Garrido et al. (2013) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023) |
Switzerland | |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Meisser (1999) +1 other reference | |
| Lapis 29 (9) | |
| EDXS analyses in Feb. 2020 |
| Cuchet et al. (2012) |
| Cuchet et al. (2019) |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Collins (1871) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| |
| Michael Merry | |
| Sumin de Portilla et al. (1981) +2 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +2 other references |
| Kingsbury (MS1) +2 other references |
| Cooper et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Claringbull (1951) +5 other references | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Davidson et al. (1951) +5 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +2 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +2 other references |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| |
| Cotterell et al. (2011) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference |
| Raman and EDS confirmed by Dr. Yang |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2023) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| |
| Tucker (1924a) +2 other references |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
| Housley |
| Murdoch et al. (1942) +2 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2005) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Waisman (1992) +1 other reference |
| Min News 21:7 p 1 | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Marco Ciriotti collection (analysed by SEM-EDS, 2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22 | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
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Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK