Chalcosiderite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chalcosiderite
Formula:
CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Colour:
dark green to apple-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.22
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Johann Christoph Ullmann in 1814 from the Greek for copper and iron, in allusion to its composition.
Co-Type Localities:
Isostructural with:
Turquoise Group. Chalcosiderite-Turquoise Series.
An uncommon mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Compare the chemically similar but Cu-richer hentschelite.
An uncommon mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Compare the chemically similar but Cu-richer hentschelite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
945
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:945:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
58fe3e0b-add4-4e92-80a8-eed581a73b03
IMA Classification of Chalcosiderite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Chalcosiderite
8.DD.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
42.9.3.4
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
19.2.13
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Csd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Chalcosiderite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Chalcosiderite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
dark green to apple-green
Streak:
pale green to greenish to white
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect, on {010}, good.
On {001}, perfect, on {010}, good.
Density:
3.22 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.28 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chalcosiderite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.775 nβ = 1.840 nγ = 1.844
2V:
Measured: 22° , Calculated: 48°
Birefringence:
0.069
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.069
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
relatively strong r > v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= Colourless
Z= Pale green
Z= Pale green
Chemistry of Chalcosiderite
Mindat Formula:
CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Common Impurities:
Al
Crystallography of Chalcosiderite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.653(4) Å, b = 7.873(4) Å, c = 10.19 Å
α = 67.57(2)°, β = 69.17(2)°, γ = 64.93(2)°
α = 67.57(2)°, β = 69.17(2)°, γ = 64.93(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.972 : 1 : 1.294
Unit Cell V:
500.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic [001], with large {001}, {010}, {110}, and {111}. Commonly in sheafs, crusts.
Crystallographic forms of Chalcosiderite
Crystal Atlas:
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Chalcosiderite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014837 | Chalcosiderite | Giuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1989) The crystal structure of chalcosiderite, CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2O Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 227-239 | 1989 | Wheal Phoenix Mine, Cornwall, England | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.39 Å | (30) |
| 4.93 Å | (20) |
| 3.76 Å | (100) |
| 3.54 Å | (40) |
| 3.38 Å | (40) |
| 3.01 Å | (40) |
| 2.95 Å | (30) |
| 2.52 Å | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 37-446
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Chalcosiderite
Co-Type Localities:
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Chalcosiderite
Varieties of Chalcosiderite
| Alumo-chalcosiderite | A aluminian variety of Chalcosiderite. |
Relationship of Chalcosiderite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| UM1981-32-PO:FeH | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 49 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Cyrilovite | NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 45 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
| 35 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Dufrénite | Ca0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 29 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Aluminian Strengite | (Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O |
| 26 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 21 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 16 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Kidwellite | NaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33 |
| 14 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Leucophosphite | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 13 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
| 13 photos of Chalcosiderite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DD. | Bettertonite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 11H2O |
| 8.DD. | Penberthycroftite | [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5] · 8H2O |
| 8.DD. | Vargite | Cu2Mn3(AsO4)2(OH)4(H2O)4 |
| 8.DD. | Galeaclolusite | Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)4 · 8H2O |
| 8.DD.05 | Chenevixite | Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.DD.05 | Luetheite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.DD.10 | Akrochordite | (Mn2+,Mg)5(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.10 | Guanacoite | Cu2Mg3(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Aheylite | (Fe2+,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Coeruleolactite | |
| 8.DD.15 | Faustite | ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Planerite | Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | Afmite | Al3(OH)4(H2O)3(PO4)(PO3OH) · H2O |
| 8.DD.15 | UM1981-32-PO:FeH | Fe2+Fe3+6(PO4)4-x[PO3(OH)]x(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Childrenite | Fe2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Ernstite | (Mn2+,Fe3+)Al(PO4)(OH,O)2 · H2O |
| 8.DD.20 | Lefontite | Fe2Al2Be(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.DD.25 | Kobokoboite | Al6(PO4)4(OH)6 · 11H2O |
| 8.DD.30 | Smamite | Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2] · 6H2O |
| 8.DD.35 | Gutsevichite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 8H2O |
| 8.DD.40 | Laubmannite (of Moore) | (Fe3+,Fe2+,M)8+x(OH,H2O)9(H2O)2(PO4)5, M = Fe3+, Cu2+ or other metal cation, x ~ 0.1. |
Fluorescence of Chalcosiderite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble with difficulty in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chalcosiderite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-945.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Chalcosiderite
Reference List:
Abdu, Y. A., Hull, S. K., Fayek, M., Hawthorne, F. C. (2011) The turquoise-chalcosiderite Cu(Al,Fe3+)6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O solid-solution series: A Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, EMPA, and FTIR study. American Mineralogist, 96 (10) 1433-1442 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3658
Localities for Chalcosiderite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Chapman et al. (2005) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Day et al. (1996) |
| Francis (2010) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 63 +1 other reference |
| Francis et al. (2012) |
| Peter Elliott |
| Australian Journal of Mineralogy |
| Australian Journal of Mineralogy | |
| Birch et al. (1993) +3 other references |
Austria | |
| Postl W et al. (2022) |
Bolivia | |
| SEM analyses by Gene Foord et al. (analyses copies courtesy of Brian Kosnar) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Record (2006) |
Brazil | |
| Menezes (n.d.) |
Bulgaria | |
| Hikov et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| samples analysed by Jochen Schlüter |
| Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of ... +1 other reference |
| arturo molina & maurizio dini ... |
Czech Republic | |
| |
| Collection M. Kampf No 89-267 | |
| Sejkora +3 other references | |
| Sejkora +1 other reference |
France | |
| G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... |
| Cuchet et al. (2000) | |
| Patureau et al. (2011) |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1995) |
| Dill et al. (2009) |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) |
| Meier (2005) |
| Blaß (2002) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Henrich (2008) |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| Ullmann et al. (1814) +2 other references |
| Habel et al. (2011) |
| Mineralien-Welt (5) |
| |
| Witzke et al. (2013) |
| Witzke et al. (1997) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Fischer (1958) | |
| T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001 (12) |
Greece | |
| Skarpelis et al. (2009) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Rui Nunes visit 18 July 2015 |
| Rui Nunes collection +1 other reference |
| MEB/EDS AMM285 Museum ... |
| Pedro Alves collection +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Mendoza et al. (2006) |
| Borja Sainz de Baranda et al. (2004) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| J. Rosell (02/2016) |
| Cesar Menor-Salvan +2 other references |
| Viñals et al. (2011) |
UK | |
| |
| Craik-Smith (2000) |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Mineralogical Record: 12: 351-352. +3 other references |
| Dines (1956) | |
| Rudler (1905) | |
| P D Trebilcock. | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ... +1 other reference |
| |
USA | |
| Galbraith et al. (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (2016) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Raman analyzed at the University of ... | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Min News 14:4 p 3 |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District +2 other references |
| Collected by Joe Marty. |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rock Currier specimens. XRD by Anthony ... |
| MarekC (2019) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Min Rec 20:1 p57 |
| M Massis collection (microprobe by Paul Hlava) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis ... | |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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Ste Barbe vein, Montmins mining district, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France