Chladniite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
Na3CaMg11(PO4)9
Formerly given, i.a., as {Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above given IMA formula is wrong.
May contain Y (see chladniite).
May contain Y (see chladniite).
Colour:
Colorless
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
4½ - 5
Specific Gravity:
3.017 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honour of Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (30 November 1756, Wittenberg, Electorate of Saxony - 3 April 1827, Breslau, Prussia), physicist at the University of Riga, Latvia. He has been referred to as the "father" of meteoritics, for theorizing the origin of meteorites. He is also called the father of acoustics.
Type Locality:
The Mg analogue of fillowite and johnsomervilleite.
Chemically close minerals (also anhydrous) include czochralskiite, brianite, and merrillite - all known from meteorites.
Originally found as a single grain (975 x 175 micrometers) with chlorapatite, olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, schreibersite, and troilite.
Just recently a terrestrial occurrence evidence was reported by Rius (2016). It is of pegmatitic origin and was determined using a relatively new technique: through-the-substrate microdiffraction (tts-μXRD). This terrestrial chladniite is different from the meteoritic one in cation (Mg, Fe+Mn & Ca) ordering, and is said to have the M(1) site dominated by Mn (the question thus arises if this is still chladniite).
Chemically close minerals (also anhydrous) include czochralskiite, brianite, and merrillite - all known from meteorites.
Originally found as a single grain (975 x 175 micrometers) with chlorapatite, olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, schreibersite, and troilite.
Just recently a terrestrial occurrence evidence was reported by Rius (2016). It is of pegmatitic origin and was determined using a relatively new technique: through-the-substrate microdiffraction (tts-μXRD). This terrestrial chladniite is different from the meteoritic one in cation (Mg, Fe+Mn & Ca) ordering, and is said to have the M(1) site dominated by Mn (the question thus arises if this is still chladniite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1008
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1008:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b582cd8d-d459-4c5c-a149-9f505139304a
IMA Classification of Chladniite
Approved
Approval year:
1993
First published:
1994
Approval history:
Formula redefinition: https://www.eur-j-mineral.net/32/275/2020/
Classification of Chladniite
8.AC.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.2.9.3
38.2.5.3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Clad | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chladniite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Rhombohedral
Rhombohedral
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.017(2) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chladniite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.600 nε = 1.620
Birefringence:
0.02
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.020
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Anisotropism:
weak
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
orange-brown
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Weakly anisotropic
Chemistry of Chladniite
Mindat Formula:
Na3CaMg11(PO4)9
Formerly given, i.a., as {Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above given IMA formula is wrong.
May contain Y (see chladniite).
Formerly given, i.a., as {Ca}{Na8}{Ca4Na4}{(Mg,Fe2+)43}(PO4)36; the above given IMA formula is wrong.
May contain Y (see chladniite).
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,Si
Chemical Analysis
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | M13(Na0.56◻0.44)M212(Na0.81Ca0.19)M312(Na0.97◻0.03)M126(Ca0.64Na0.36)M16MnM2(Mg0.54Ca0.46)M3-9Mg30M10(Mg0.94Ca0.06)M116Mg6(P33.53As2.47)O144 |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia | the above is the structural formula |
Crystallography of Chladniite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Setting:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.967(2) Å, c = 42.595(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.846
Unit Cell V:
8,263.40 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
18
Morphology:
Rims around other phosphates and silicates.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0004225 | Stornesite-(Y) | Grew E S, Armbruster T, Medenbach O, Yates M G, Carson C J (2006) Stornesite-(Y), (Y, Ca)Vacancy2Na6(Ca,Na)8(Mg,Fe)43(PO4)36, the first terrestrial Mg-dominant member of the fillowite group, from granulite-facies paragneiss in the Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica American Mineralogist 91 1412-1424 | 2006 | Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.69 Å | (strong) |
3.56 Å | (medium) |
3.08 Å | (weak) |
2.96 Å | (strong) |
2.50 Å | (medium) |
2.75 Å | (strong) |
2.13 Å | (medium) |
1.851 Å | (medium) |
Comments:
American Mineralogist 79:375 (1994)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
5 : Primary asteroid phases | 4.566–4.560 |
6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Geological Setting:
Iron and primitive achondrite meteorites
Type Occurrence of Chladniite
General Appearance of Type Material:
A single grain, which measures 175 x 975 µm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, D.C., USA, number 2707.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In type IIICD iron meteorite and primitive achondrite meteorite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Chladniite
Other Language Names for Chladniite
German:Chladniit
Spanish:Chladniita
Varieties of Chladniite
Stornesite-(Y) | An Y-bearing chladniite. Originally described as a new mineral, the Y-dominant analogue of Chladniite by Grew et al. (2006). Discredited by the IMA in February 2020 (IMA Newsletter 54). |
Relationship of Chladniite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.AC. | Angarfite | NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4 · 4H2O |
8.AC. | Wopmayite | Ca6Na3◻Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 |
8.AC.X | Dyrnaesite-(La) | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 |
8.AC. | Edtollite | K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 |
8.AC. | Alumoedtollite | K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 |
8.AC. | Crocobelonite | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 |
8.AC. | Manganobadalovite | NaNaMn(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
8.AC. | Beershevaite | CaFe3+3(PO4)3O |
8.AC. | Calciohatertite | NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
8.AC. | Kabalovite | Fe2+3Fe3+4(PO4)6 |
8.AC. | Nazarchukite | Ca2NiFe3+2(PO4)4 |
8.AC. | Changesite–(Y) | (Ca8Y)◻Fe2+(PO4)7 |
8.AC. | Crocobelonite-1M | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 |
8.AC. | Ebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) |
8.AC. | Magnesioqingheiite | Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
8.AC. | Epiebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) |
8.AC.02 | Grigorievite | Cu3Fe3+2Al2(VO4)6 |
8.AC.02 | Koksharovite | CaMg2Fe3+4(VO4)6 |
8.AC.02 | Ziminaite | Fe3+ 6 (VO4)6 |
8.AC.05 | Calciojohillerite | NaCaMg3(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | NaCuFe2(VO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
8.AC.05 va | Alluaudite-Na□ | ◻4Na4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
8.AC.05 va | Alluaudite-Ca□ | ◻4Ca4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
8.AC.05 va | Ferroalluaudite-NaNa | Na4Na4Fe2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
8.AC.05 | Hagendorfite-NaNa | NaNaFe2+(Mn2+,Mn3+)(PO4)3 (?) |
8.AC.05 | Erikapohlite | Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O |
8.AC.05 | Hatertite | Na2(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Cu)2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Unnamed (Na-Mg Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | NaMg3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
8.AC.05 | Unnamed (Na-Zn-H Arsenate Hydrxyarsenate) | Na(Na0.6Zn0.4)Zn2(H0.6AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
8.AC.05 | Zincobradaczekite | NaZn2Cu2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Badalovite | Na2Mg2Fe(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Magnesiocanutite | NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2] |
8.AC.05 | Magnesiohatertite | (Na,Ca)2Ca(Mg,Fe3+)2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Khrenovite | Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Paraberzeliite | NaCa2Mg2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.05 | Camanchacaite | NaCaMg2[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 |
8.AC.05 | Manganohatertite | NaNaCa(MnFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.07 | Zhanghuifenite | Na3Mn4Mg2Al(PO4)6 |
8.AC.07 | Ferrobobfergusonite | Na2Fe2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6 |
8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Johillerite | Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.10 | Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 |
8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 |
8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 |
8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 |
8.AC.15 | Wyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 |
8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | ◻NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 |
8.AC.15 | Ferroqingheiite | NaNaFe2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
8.AC.17 | Czochralskiite | Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4 |
8.AC.18 | Manitobaite | Na16Mn2+ 25Al8(PO4)30 |
8.AC.20 | Marićite | NaFe2+(PO4) |
8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 |
8.AC.25 | Schäferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 |
8.AC.25 | Hedegaardite | (Ca,Na)9(Ca,Na)Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
8.AC.25 | Matyhite | Ca18(Ca,◻)2Fe2+2(PO4)14 |
8.AC.30 | Brianite | Na2CaMg(PO4)2 |
8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2 |
8.AC.40 | Olgite | (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 |
8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · |
8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | Sr9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
8.AC.45 | Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
8.AC.45 | Tuite | Ca3(PO4)2 |
8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7 |
8.AC.47 | Iwateite | Na2BaMn(PO4)2 |
8.AC.47 | Yurmarinite | Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu)4(AsO4)6 |
8.AC.47 | Ozerovaite | Na2KAl3(AsO4)4 |
8.AC.47 | Anatolyite | Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6 |
8.AC.47 | Pansnerite | K3Na3(Fe3+,Al)6(AsO4)8 |
8.AC.50 | Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 |
8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 |
8.AC.50 | Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 |
8.AC.50 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6 |
8.AC.50 | Udinaite | NaMg4(VO4)3 |
8.AC.50 | Arsenudinaite | NaMg4(AsO4)3 |
8.AC.52 | Lasnierite | (Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe2+)2Al(P[O,F]4)3 |
8.AC.55 | Pharmazincite | KZnAsO4 |
8.AC.57 | Zubkovaite | Ca3Cu3(AsO4)4 |
8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 |
8.AC.65 | Panethite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 |
8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | K2MnV4O12 |
8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | Ag3Hg[(V,As)O4] |
8.AC.85 | Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chladniite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1008.html
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References for Chladniite
Reference List:
Localities for Chladniite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| [var: Stornesite-(Y)] Grew et al. (2006) |
| [var: Stornesite-(Y)] Grew et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Floss (1999) |
Floss (1999) | |
Argentina | |
Vallcorba et al. (2017) | |
| Vallcorba O et al. (2016) |
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2023) |
| Litasov et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
USA (TL) | |
| McCoy et al. (1994) |
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