Clinochlore
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Mark Heintzelman
About Clinochlore
Formula:
Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Often contains considerable Fe2+, grading into chamosite.
Colour:
Green, yellowish green, olive green, blackish green, bluish green, white, pink
Lustre:
Greasy, Pearly, Dull
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
2.6 - 3.02
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1851 by William Phipps Blake from the Greek κλινΡιν "klinein", "to incline", in allusion to the inclined optic axes and the Greek ΟΞ»ΟΟΞΏ "chloros," for "green," its typical color. Clinochlore was originally named chlorite in 1789 by Abraham Gottlob Werner from the Greek ΟΞ»ΟΟΞΏ "chloros," for "green," its typical color. There are many named synonyms or varieties of clinochlore. Many names that have been attributed to minerals now called clinochlore, as well as chamosite, include: baltimorite, berlauite, chlorite, chlorophaeite, chromchlorit, corundophilite, daphnite, delessite, diabantite, euralite, faecherstein, grengesite, grochauite, helminthe, kaemmererite, kotschubeite, leuchtenbergite, lophoite, ogkoite, pattersonite, pennine, penninite, prochlorite, pyknochlorite, rhodochrome, rhodophyllite, ripidolite, rumpfite, seraphinite, sheridanite, specksten, talgsten, and many others.
One of the most common members of the chlorite group. It forms a solid solution series with its also very common Fe2+-analogue chamosite.
Because iron-bearing clinochlore may be variably oxidized, its appearance and optical properties may vary widely.
Alteration of chlorites may proceed to vermiculite-like or mixed layered structures.
There are at least 6 chlorite polytypes known and stacking disorder is common. http://minsocam.org/MSA/ammin/toc/Articles_Free/1998/Kogure_p925-930_98.pdf
Chromium substitution for Al may make clinochlore look pink to pale purple (variety kammererite).
Sheridanite is an Al-rich variety.
Sudoite is a chemically similar, more Al-rich member of the chlorite group.
Amesite (a member of the kaolinite-serpentine group) is also chemically similar but more Al rich.
Because iron-bearing clinochlore may be variably oxidized, its appearance and optical properties may vary widely.
Alteration of chlorites may proceed to vermiculite-like or mixed layered structures.
There are at least 6 chlorite polytypes known and stacking disorder is common. http://minsocam.org/MSA/ammin/toc/Articles_Free/1998/Kogure_p925-930_98.pdf
Chromium substitution for Al may make clinochlore look pink to pale purple (variety kammererite).
Sheridanite is an Al-rich variety.
Sudoite is a chemically similar, more Al-rich member of the chlorite group.
Amesite (a member of the kaolinite-serpentine group) is also chemically similar but more Al rich.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Clinochlore.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1070
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1070:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
bf7559f1-7aa6-4577-8ba3-c2c209c692de
IMA Classification of Clinochlore
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Clinochlore
9.EC.55
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 7th ed.:
71.4.1.4
71.4.1.4
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
4 : Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
4 : Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra
16.19.17
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Clc | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Clc | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Clc | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185β187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Cch | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Clc | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261β264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Clinochlore
Greasy, Pearly, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Green, yellowish green, olive green, blackish green, bluish green, white, pink
Comment:
End-member clinochlore is white to colorless. Ferrous and ferric iron substitutions may darken the colour of clinochlore to medium or dark green and near-black. Chromian clinochlores may be pink to purple. Other substitutions may change the colour to golden brown.
Streak:
Greenish white to white
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} Perfect
{001} Perfect
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
2.6 - 3.02 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.628 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Clinochlore
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.571 - 1.588 nβ = 1.571 - 1.589 nγ = 1.576 - 1.599
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.005 - 0.011
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X= light yellow-green to light blue-green
Y=Z= light greenish yellow to light blue-green
Y=Z= light greenish yellow to light blue-green
Chemistry of Clinochlore
Mindat Formula:
Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Often contains considerable Fe2+, grading into chamosite.
Often contains considerable Fe2+, grading into chamosite.
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,Zn,Ca,Cr
Crystallography of Clinochlore
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Crystallographic forms of Clinochlore
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000119 | Clinochlore | Brown B E, Bailey S W (1963) Chlorite polytypism: II. Crystal structure of a one-layer Cr-chlorite American Mineralogist 48 42-61 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000770 | Clinochlore | Phillips T L, Loveless J K, Bailey S W (1980) Cr3+ coordination in chlorites: a structural study of ten chromian chlorites Day Book Body, N. C. American Mineralogist 65 112-122 | 1980 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000771 | Clinochlore | Phillips T L, Loveless J K, Bailey S W (1980) Cr3+ coordination in chlorites: a structural study of ten chromian chlorites Siskiyou Co., Calif. American Mineralogist 65 112-122 | 1980 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001619 | Clinochlore | Nelson D O, Guggenheim S (1993) Inferred limitations to the oxidation of Fe in chlorite: a high-temperature single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 78 1197-1207 | 1993 | 0 | 823 | ||
0002313 | Clinochlore | Guggenheim S, Zhan W (1999) Crystal structures of two partially dehydrated chlorites: The "modified" chlorite structure American Mineralogist 84 1415-1421 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002314 | Clinochlore | Guggenheim S, Zhan W (1999) Crystal structures of two partially dehydrated chlorites: The "modified" chlorite structure American Mineralogist 84 1415-1421 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002739 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002740 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | 2001 | 1.2 | 293 | ||
0002741 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | 2001 | 2.46 | 293 | ||
0002742 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | 2001 | 4.65 | 293 | ||
0004250 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 0.0001 | 293 | |
0004251 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 1.83 | 293 | |
0004252 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 3.14 | 293 | |
0004253 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 4.25 | 293 | |
0004254 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 4.85 | 293 | |
0007298 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 298 | |
0007299 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 574 | |
0007300 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 672 | |
0007301 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 775 | |
0010543 | Clinochlore | McMurchy R C (1934) The crystal structure of the chlorite minerals Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 88 420-432 | 1934 | Miles City, Montana, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
14.0 Γ | (80) |
7.08 Γ | (80) |
4.73 Γ | (40) |
4.59 Γ | (40b) |
3.545 Γ | (60) |
2.842 Γ | (20) |
2.648 Γ | (20) |
2.582 Γ | (40) |
2.543 Γ | (100) |
2.439 Γ | (50) |
2.381 Γ | (20) |
2.260 Γ | (20) |
2.066 Γ | (10) |
2.003 Γ | (40) |
1.883 Γ | (10) |
1.822 Γ | (10) |
1.742 Γ | (10b) |
1.660 Γ | (10) |
1.563 Γ | (10) |
1.538 Γ | (60) |
1.503 Γ | (10) |
1.462 Γ | (10) |
1.413 Γ | (5) |
1.392 Γ | (10) |
1.349 Γ | (5) |
1.320 Γ | (10) |
1.300 Γ | (5) |
1.291 Γ | (5) |
1.219 Γ | (5) |
1.539 Γ | (100) |
Comments:
ICDD 7-165; berthierine plus clinochlore are easily mistaken for chamosite.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Stage 3b: Earthβs earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
Near-surface Processes | |
26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
38 : Ophiolites | |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal alteration product of amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite in many igneous rocks. An important rock forming mineral in many sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Type Occurrence of Clinochlore
Synonyms of Clinochlore
Other Language Names for Clinochlore
Varieties of Clinochlore
Chromium-bearing Clinochlore | Lilac to purple, Cr-bearing variety of clinochlore. Also commonly known as kämmererite. |
Colerainite | An obsolete synonym for a fine grained white "sheridanite" (a variety if clinochlore), a chlorite. |
Corundophilite | An Al-rich variety of clinochlore |
Diabantite | A ferroan and Si-rich clinochlore. |
Leuchtenbergite | A (nearly) iron-free variety of clinochlore (which usual contains some Fe replacing Mg). Very common in the magnesite/serpentine deposits of Austria and Norway. |
Nickel-bearing Clinochlore | A nickel-bearing variety of clinochlore. |
Pennine | A pseudo-trigonal variety of Clinochlore. |
Penninite | An Si-rich, Fe-poor variety of clinochlore Used by Hey (1954) in his widely used, formal classification of chlorites, for ones with Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 0.75-1.0 and Si = 6.2-7 atoms per 8 tetrahedral sites, but now considered a variety of clinochlore. Probably... |
Pycnochlorite | Used by Hey (1954) in his widely used, formal classification of chlorites, for ones with Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 0.75-0.5 and Si = 5.6-6.2 atoms per 8 tetrahedral sites, but now considered a variety of clinochlore. Originally spelled pycnochlorite. |
Ripidolite | Originally a ferroan variety of Clinochlore described from Akhmatovskaya Kop (Achmatovsk Mine), Nazyamskiye Mt, Zlatoust, Ilmen Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Urals Region, Russia. Ripidolite has been historically used as a name for intermediate and undetermi... |
Seraphinite | A variety of clinochlore with a radiating/plumose structure which is used for carving and as a decorative stone. |
Sheridanite | An aluminium-rich clinochlore (compare also sudoite). An Si-rich, Fe-poor variety of clinochlore Used by Hey (1954) in his widely used, formal classification of chlorites, for ones with Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 0.75-1.0 and Si = 5.6-6.2 atoms per 8 tetrahedral site... |
Talc-chlorite | A very Si-rich, Al poor, variety of clinochlore (classification of Hey, 1954). |
Weissite (of Trolle-Wachtmeister) | Described as an unusual white variety of chlorite. |
Relationship of Clinochlore to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Baileychlore | (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 | Tric. 1 |
Borocookeite | (LiAl4β»)[BSi3O10](OH)8 | Mon. m : Bb |
Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Cookeite | (LiAl4β»)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
Donbassite | Al4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 | Orth. |
Nimite | (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Tric. |
Sudoite | Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
366 photos of Clinochlore associated with Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
313 photos of Clinochlore associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
301 photos of Clinochlore associated with Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
293 photos of Clinochlore associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
216 photos of Clinochlore associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
213 photos of Clinochlore associated with Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
198 photos of Clinochlore associated with Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(β»4)β»[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
186 photos of Clinochlore associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
181 photos of Clinochlore associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
145 photos of Clinochlore associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.EC. | Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
9.EC. | Meifuite | KFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2 |
9.EC.05 | Minnesotaite | Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.05 | Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.9.EC. | Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5β»0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Ferripyrophyllite | Fe3+Si2O5(OH) |
9.EC.10 | Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Fluorluanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2 |
9.EC.10 | Manganiceladonite | K(MgMn3+β»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.10 | Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.10 | Gorbunovite | CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2 |
9.EC.15 | Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Celadonite | K(MgFe3+β»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Montdorite | (K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.15 | Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Roscoelite | K(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tobelite | (NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Aluminoceladonite | K(MgAlβ»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromphyllite | K(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+Alβ»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+Fe3+β»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Chromceladonite | K(MgCrβ»)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.15 | Ganterite | (Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.15 | UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 |
9.EC.15 | Kreiterite | CsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Masutomilite | (K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 |
9.EC.20 | Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Siderophyllite | KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Wonesite | (Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4 |
9.EC.20 | Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirokshinite | K(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Shirozulite | KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
9.EC.20 | UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi | (Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.20 | Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
9.EC.20 | Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF |
9.EC.20 | Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
9.EC.20 | Chloroferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.22 | Pimelite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 Β· 4H2O |
9.EC.30 | Chlorophaeite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 Β· 10H2O |
9.EC.30 | Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Clintonite | CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.35 | Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
9.EC.35 | Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 |
9.EC.40 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Kurumsakite | (Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 Β· 27H2O (?) |
9.EC.40 | Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.40 | Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· 4H2O |
9.EC.40 | Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· 3H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Spadaite | MgSiO2(OH)2 Β· H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
9.EC.45 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.45 | Zincsilite | Zn3Si4O10(OH)2 Β· 4H2O (?) |
9.EC.45 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 Β· 4H2O |
9.EC.45 | Hanjiangite | Ba2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2F |
9.EC.50 | Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 Β· 8H2O |
9.EC.52 | Tarasovite | near NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 Β· 3H2O |
9.EC.55 | Baileychlore | (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Chamosite | (Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Cookeite | (LiAl4β»)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Gonyerite | (Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Nimite | (Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Orthochamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Sudoite | Mg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Donbassite | Al4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8 |
9.EC.55 | Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
9.EC.55 | Borocookeite | (LiAl4β»)[BSi3O10](OH)8 |
9.EC.60 | Aliettite | Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 Β· 4H2O |
9.EC.60 | Corrensite | (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Dozyite | Mg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12 |
9.EC.60 | Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.60 | Karpinskite | (Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) |
9.EC.60 | Kulkeite | Mg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10 |
9.EC.60 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 |
9.EC.60 | Rectorite | (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 Β· 2H2O |
9.EC.60 | Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 |
9.EC.60 | Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 Β· 5H2O |
9.EC.60 | Brinrobertsite | Na0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 Β· 3.5 H2O |
9.EC.65 | Macaulayite | (Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
9.EC.70 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 |
9.EC.75 | Ferrisurite | (Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.75 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
9.EC.75 | Niksergievite | (Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 Β· nH2O |
9.EC.80 | Kegelite | Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Clinochlore
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1070.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Clinochlore
Localities for Clinochlore
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Dudley Blauwet priv. comm. (2008) |
| TVM Specimen |
Andorra | |
| Valenti Turu and Michels (1992) |
Antarctica | |
| Ikeda (1992) |
Shimura et al. (2012) | |
| Soto et al. (2014) |
| Bastias et al. (2013) |
Argentina | |
| BalliviΓ‘n Justiniano et al. (2016) |
| PadrΓ³n de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005) |
BRODTKORB +1 other reference | |
PadrΓ³n de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005) | |
PadrΓ³n de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005) | |
| LANFRANCHINI |
| Rimann (1928) |
| Dina (1993) |
| The Canadian Mineralogist et al. (2004) |
| Zolensky et al. (1990) |
| PONS +1 other reference |
| Juan Carlos Lodovichi |
| Biel et al. (2010) |
Armenia | |
| Bowell et al. (2021) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Beard et al. (2009) |
Beard et al. (2009) | |
Bonatti et al. (1976) | |
| Sharkov et al. (2007) |
Milinovic +6 other references | |
Australia | |
| McQueen +2 other references |
| Ashley et al. (1997) |
| Minerals in podiform chromitites - Tumut Serpentinite Province et al. (1) |
| Hodge-Smith (1924) |
| Gilligan et al. (1995) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Schellen et al. (2021) |
Graham et al. (2021) | |
| Birch BH Book |
Keith F Compton | |
| Ryan (1961) |
| Haddock (1974) |
| Wilson (1977) |
| Silcock (2011) |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Australian Mineralogist (5) |
| Minerals from Bundaleer and the ... |
| Graham (1978) |
| The mines & minerals of the Olary ... |
| |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2020) |
| R Bottrill +1 other reference |
Bottrill & Taheri | |
| Anderson et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Bottrill (2000) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2007) |
Ralph Bottrill collection | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2006) |
| R Bottrill +1 other reference |
| |
| crocoite.com |
| |
| John Haupt collection |
| Fetherston (2010) |
| Fetherston (2010) |
Fetherston (2010) | |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +1 other reference |
| Marston et al. (1980) |
| Barnes et al. (2009) |
| Simpson (1948) |
Simpson (1948) +1 other reference | |
| Simpson (1948) |
Simpson (1948) | |
| Du Puy (2003) |
| Grguric et al. (in press) |
| Lintern (1998) |
| Gole (1981) |
| Simpson (1928) |
| Clarke et al. (1986) |
Fetherston (2010) | |
| Grguric (2003) |
| Le Gleuher M. (2008) |
Austria | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| BrandstΓ€tter et al. (2010) |
| GΓΆtzinger (2009) |
| Exel (1993) |
Kolitsch et al. (2010) | |
| Ucik (1998) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Paulitsch (1953) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| G. Blass (2001) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 158./78.:101-102 (1968) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 6:108-120 (1949) |
| M. Puttner: Carinthia II 175./95.:253-255 (1985) |
H. Meixner: 32 (3) | |
| |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 157./77.:90-91 (1967) +1 other reference |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 153./73.:126-127 (1963) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Puttner | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Tim Welting 2008 |
| G. Kandutsch: Carinthia II 178./98.:171-172 (1988) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| A. Brunlechner: Jahrbuch des naturhistorischen Landesmuseums von KΓ€rnten 22:186-194 (1893) |
Walter et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| |
J. Taucher: Carinthia II 187./107.:179-180 (1997) | |
| Annalen 1999 |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
J.Metzger (1997) | |
Annalen 1999 | |
| ... |
| Taucher (1998) |
| J. Taucher: Carinthia II 187./107.:178-179 (1997) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| F. H. Ucik: Arch. f. LagerstΓ€ttenforsch. Ostalpen 110:3-31 (1970) |
| F. H. Ucik: Arch. f. LagerstΓ€ttenforsch. Ostalpen 110:3- 31 (1970) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Pichler (2009) | |
| BrandstΓ€tter et al. (2010) |
| |
| H.F.Ucik (1998) |
| J.MΓΆrtl (1985) +1 other reference |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 165./85.:25-26 (1975) |
Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Postl et al. (2006) |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 145/65:10 (1955) |
| Described on an info shield at the ... |
| Exel (1993) |
| Pristacz et al. (2011) |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Fechner et al. (1985) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Database βMinerale NΓβ (A. Thinschmidt and co-workers) |
| Erwin LΓΆffler collection |
| Richter et al. (1991) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Schermann (1971) |
coll. Erwin LΓΆffler | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2008) |
| Knobloch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch (2018) |
| Ertl et al. (2002) |
| LΓΆffler et al. (2011) |
LΓΆffler et al. (2011) | |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
| Huber et al. (1977) +2 other references |
Kolitsch et al. (2016) | |
| Niedermayr (2007) |
| Gerard Gesselbauer observation 2011 |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
Rich collection | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
Kolitsch et al. (2022) | |
| W Stoll collection |
G. Niedermayr et al.: Carinthia II 194./114.:240-241 (2003) | |
W Stoll collection | |
| Strasser (1989) |
Strasser (1989) | |
W Stoll collection | |
| F. Ramharter specimen |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Martin Gruell |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
Exel (1993) | |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| abstract in Mitt. Γsterr. Mineral. ... +1 other reference |
| Gerd Stefanik specimen |
Martin Gruell | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Pichler (2009) +1 other reference | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Daniel Toro specimen |
| Seeman |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Exel (1993) |
Strasser (1989) | |
Gerd Stefanik collection | |
A. Schermaier: Der Aufschluss 37 (12) | |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
Strasser (1989) | |
U. Kolitsch et al. (2012) | |
| Bojar (2001) |
| Taucher (1998) +1 other reference |
| Alker (1972) |
| F. Bernhard et al. (1998) |
| Taucher et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Hackenberg 2003 |
Hackenberg 2003 | |
| Hackenberg 2003 |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010) +1 other reference |
| Postl et al. (1997) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) |
Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) | |
Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) | |
| Gerald Gesselbauer |
Sigmund (1916) | |
| Postl (2007) |
| Bernhard et al. (2005) |
| Alker (1956) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Schwinner (1932) +1 other reference |
| Tropper (2001) |
| Taucher (1999) |
| Postl et al. (1988) |
Alker (1972) | |
| Hollerer (1999) |
Freyn (1902) | |
| Taucher et al. (2015) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Raith et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Weninger (1976) |
| G.Gesselbauer (2012) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2008) |
| Schachinger et al. (2013) |
Pribitzer (1956) | |
Natural History Museum Vienna ore deposit collection (SEM-EDS-analysed) | |
| Sigmund 1912 |
| Annalen 1999 |
Josef Taucher (2007) | |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) +1 other reference |
| Gerald Gesselbauer collection |
| Exel (1993) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Niedermayr (2005) |
| Boroviczeny (1961) |
| Chris Auer photo |
| Alker (1960) |
| Steir.Mineralog 24/2010 |
| G.Gesselbauer (2017) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) |
Koark (1949) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Mateo Chinelatto photo |
Gerd Stefanik | |
| Exel (1982) |
| Wenger (1973) |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| Exel (1993) |
Lapis 29 (9) | |
Lapis 29 (9) | |
Lapis 29 (9) +1 other reference | |
| Schulz (1984) |
| Koark (1949) |
| Kiesewetter (2001) |
| Polz (1989) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2022) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| BRANDSTΓTTER (1996) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
Belgium | |
| Michel Bloindieau |
Daltry et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Harjo Neutkens collection |
| Blondieau (2005) |
Blondieau (2005) | |
Blondieau (2005) | |
Blondieau (2005) | |
Schreyer W. et al. | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| TankosiΔ et al. (2018) |
Brazil | |
| Garuti et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Campos et al. (2022) |
| Candia et al. (1997) |
| Lobato et al. (2001) |
| Jordt-Evangelista et al. (2016) |
| analysis done for Rock Currier |
| Soares et al. (2018) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Oliver |
| Villas et al. (2001) |
| Grainger et al. (2008) |
| Mansur et al. (2022) |
| Souza Neto et al. (2008) |
| Dressel et al. (2022) |
Sauer (1982) | |
| Massuda et al. (2020) |
| de SΓ‘ et al. (2018) |
Bulgaria | |
| Szopa +9 other references |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) +1 other reference |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
| Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007) |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
Burkina Faso | |
| Fontaine et al. (2017) |
Canada | |
| Geological Survey of Canada |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Garagan (2014) |
| O'Hanley et al. (1995) |
| Montgomery (n.d.) |
| Wilton et al. (1988) |
| Olivo et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich (1962) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Acosta-GΓ³ngora et al. (2015) |
| Bailey (2017) |
| Scribner et al. (2018) |
| Pavel Kartashov's data 2023 |
| Fisher (1984) |
| Hughes (1995) |
| Grant (2009) |
| RIEGLER et al. (2014) |
| Mineralienkabinet J. de Fourestier |
| AmMIn 87:593-602 |
| Reiner Mieklke |
| Hannington et al. (1999) |
| Schandl (2004) |
| Hall et al. (2020) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Econ Geol (1996) |
| Laarman |
| Reiner Mielke 2014 |
| Lykova |
| King (n.d.) |
Bennett G. (1978) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Alfredo Petrov specimens (PXRD by John Attard, Attard's Minerals) |
| Kowalski et al. (2018) |
Selway (1993) | |
| Geological Survey of Canada +1 other reference |
| Reiner Mielke 2017 |
| Kishida et al. (1987) |
| Olivier Langelier Collection |
| Galley et al. (2000) |
Caplette et al. (2015) | |
| Canadian Museum of Nature & Horvath ... +1 other reference |
Poitevin et al. (1918) | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
| Musee mineralogique et miniere ... |
| Sabina (1967) |
| Smith (2021) |
| Tarassoff (1994) |
| 179-181. +3 other references |
| Martin +1 other reference |
| 166-175. +2 other references |
| HorvΓ‘th collection specimen XRD WDS |
| Lacroix (1890) |
| Gaboury et al. (2000) |
| Nadeau et al. (2015) |
| L. Kish and M. Cuney (1981) |
| Cabri et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| P.M. Belley et al (2009) |
| Vandall King |
| Reid et al. (2016) |
... | |
Geological Association of Canada (2014) +1 other reference | |
Cloutier et al. (2009) | |
| Am Min 36:70-79 |
| Beaudin et al. (2024) |
Beaudin et al. (2024) | |
| Sabina (1972) |
| Zolensky et al. (2002) |
Chile | |
| GonzΓ‘lez-JimΓ©nez et al. (2016) |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... |
| Econ Geol (1991) |
China | |
| Zhao et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) | |
Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) | |
| Duan et al. (2022) |
| www.fabreminerals.com +1 other reference |
| Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 ... +1 other reference |
| Peisheng Bao and Xibin Wang (1989) |
| Guangdong Institute of Geology and Metallurgy Team No. 932 (1978) |
| Zhanshi Zhang et al. (2007) |
| Zhanshi Zhang et al. (2007) |
| Guoyu Zhang et al. (2006) |
Lin Jun (2006) | |
| Wei Zheng et al. (2013) |
| Zhang et al. (2024) |
| Zhaochong Zhang et al. (1994) |
| Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1993) |
| Kehua Yin (2009) |
| Guohui Wu et al. (2006) |
| Deru Xu et al. (2006) |
| Jing Sun et al. (2009) |
| Guangyin Shen (2011) |
| Youli Feng et al. (2006) |
Alfredo Petrov: ... | |
| Donghong Liu (2009) |
| Lu J et al. (2014) |
| Jensen (2009) +1 other reference |
| ιι£ et al. (2018) |
| Sun et al. (2019) |
| Xinming Jiang (1983) |
| Chengdong Xiao and Xuewu Liu (2002) +1 other reference |
| Mei Zhang et al. (2011) |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
| Zhengyong Qin (1976) |
Zhengyong Qin (1976) | |
Zhengyong Qin (1976) | |
Zhengyong Qin (1976) | |
| Weixing Zhang et al. (2007) |
| Min et al. (1999) |
Jianguo He et al. (2008) | |
| Yunhuai Lin (1986) |
| Wenle Zeng et al. (2010) |
| Wu et al. (2019) |
| Liangguo Xu and Zhangxin Ma (1984) |
Liangguo Xu and Zhangxin Ma (1984) | |
| Bi Zhu et al. (2008) |
| Xiangwen Wang (2002) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
| Matsuda (1969) |
| Minzhi Yang (2003) |
| Wang et al. (2022) |
| Yu et al. (2018) |
| Zhang et al. (2024) |
| Miao Yu et al. (2013) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2000) |
| Lishe Wang et al. (2010) |
| Gufeng Luo et al. (2001) |
| Wang +10 other references |
| Cuizhi Wang (1997) |
| Ercheng Pang et al. (2010) |
| Wenjun Liu (1985) |
| Changhua Huang et al. (2010) |
| Fan et al. (1999) |
| Yushuai Yu et al. (2012) |
| Zhi Zhang et al. (2013) |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Wenyi Xu et al. (2009) |
| Linshan Song et al. (2008) |
| Mingxing Peng et al. (2006) |
| Zhou et al. (2001) |
| Hua Huang et al. (2014) |
| Huijuan Peng et al. (2014) |
| Zhen Liao et al. (2010) |
Colombia | |
| Castellanos-AlarcΓ³n et al. (2016) |
Cuba | |
Jordan-HernAndez et al. (2005) | |
... | |
Pujol-SolΓ et al. (2018) | |
Cyprus | |
| PrΓΌfer (2011) |
| Antivachis (2015) |
Czech Republic | |
| Ε rein |
| VtΔlenskΓ½ J. (1959) |
| Bohuslav Bures collection |
| Loun J. et al. (ΔeskΓ‘ republika) |
| Roman GrambliΔka collection |
| Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references |
| Fojt |
| NovΓ‘k |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| ZimΓ‘k et al. (2005) |
| DolnΓΔek et al. (kra MalenΓku, moravskoslezskΓ½ kulm) |
| NovotnΓ½ +2 other references |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| NovotnΓ½ |
| MΓΌcke et al. (2002) |
NovotnΓ½ | |
NovotnΓ½ | |
NovotnΓ½ | |
NovotnΓ½ | |
ZimΓ‘k et al. (2018) | |
| KratochvΓl M.: Mg-chlority z Chvaletic ... |
| NovΓ‘Δek |
| Kolektiv autorΕ― (1984) |
| Welser |
| Δech |
| VrΓ‘na S.: A secondary ... |
| Houzar |
| Ř +5 other references |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2021) |
| P.PauliΕ‘ |
Ulrych (2000) | |
| Houzar +5 other references |
| DoleΕΎalovΓ‘ |
Petr PauliΕ‘ | |
Czech Republic/Poland | |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Djibouti | |
| Moussa et al. (2019) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Krebs et al. (2008) |
| Domènech et al. (2022) |
DR Congo | |
| ... |
| Deliens (1996) |
East Timor | |
| Lay et al. (2017) |
Egypt | |
| El-Desoky et al. (2023) |
El-Wardany et al. (2023) | |
Abdelnasser et al. (2017) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Azer et al. (2007) |
Abd El-Fatah et al. (2023) | |
Atef et al. (2023) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
M. Hassaan et al. (2009) | |
Kharbish (2020) | |
Atef et al. (2023) | |
El Monsef et al. (2018) | |
| Zoheir et al. (2018) |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
El Salvador | |
| Torio-HenrΓquez (2007) |
Ethiopia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Finland | |
| Huber et al. (2023) |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray |
| Haapala |
Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan ... | |
| HytΓΆnen (1999) |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1663-1686. |
| Kuikka (2018) |
| Kojonen |
| HytΓΆnen (1999) |
HytΓΆnen | |
| |
| Vasilopoulos et al. (2021) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection Pavel ... |
| |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
France | |
| J.C. Parneix (Allier, France) |
| BRGM (1988) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| P.G. Pelisson : "Etude Mineralogique et ... |
| P.G. Pelisson : "Etude Mineralogique et ... |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Anne et Michel Legros (1979) |
luigi mattei | |
| Gautron et al. (2001) |
Valverde J. (1999) | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2003) |
| DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2004) |
| De AscencΓ£o Guedes R. (2004) |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. et al. (2003) |
De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) | |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2005) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2008) |
| Yves Mourey Collection |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Belot (1978) +1 other reference |
| Audren et al. (1993) |
Chauris (2014) | |
| Belot (1978) |
| |
| Bernard BARRIERE |
| D. DESCOUENS (1984) +1 other reference |
| Gatel (1990) |
Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection |
| C. DerrΓ© |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| R. Pierrot |
| Inventaire minΓ©ralogique de la France ... |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Guitard G. et al. (1992) |
| Guitard (2010) |
| Berbain. C |
| GAYRAUD (2010) |
| François GARRIC collection - EDX ... |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1898) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
Baret (1905) | |
Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) |
Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) |
Baret (1905) | |
Baret (1905) | |
Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) |
| Mari et al. (1979) |
| AugΓ© et al. (2015) |
| Chollet pascal collection - PXRD & EDS ... |
Gabon | |
| Eberly et al. (1994) |
Georgia | |
| Gugushvili et al. (2002) |
Germany | |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| KAISER (1984) +2 other references |
| Walenta (1992) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Meier (1995) |
| Rost (1949) |
| Rost et al. (1969) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Collection of Erich Keck |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Krah et al. (1988) | |
| Collection of Walter GΓΆttler |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor |
| Quakenack (1967) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| BaumgΓ€rtl (2014) |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Niemann (1960) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Reinhardt et al. (2016) | |
| 'Michael Brandtner Collection' |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Lapis 33 (12) +2 other references |
| Der Aufschluss Vol. 60 |
| - (Th. Kleser) |
| Heider et al. (2012) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Gerfried Seidel collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Tischendorf (1969) |
| Jahn (2007) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Witzke et al. (1997) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hajek (2010) |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Witzke et al. (2008) |
| Bartnik (2006) |
| FΓ€rber (n.d.) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Thomas et al. (2022) |
Borghini et al. (2024) | |
| Doss (1914) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Thomas LΓΌhr Collection |
T. Witzke & F. RΓΌger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (unpublished SEM-EDS analyses) |
| Laskou et al. (2007) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2019) |
| Bussolesi et al. (2020) |
see e.g. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ... | |
| Dabitzias |
| Theye et al. (1992) |
| Theye et al. (1992) |
| Ch. Spirom. & Greekrocks.com |
| Wang et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| |
Magganas et al. (1988) | |
| Tarantola +10 other references |
| Hatzipanagiotou et al. (2003) |
Hatzipanagiotou et al. (2003) | |
| Theye et al. (1992) |
| Reinecke et al. (1991) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Eur. J. Mineral. | |
| Marschall et al. (2006) |
| Garuti et al. (1999) |
Chrysovalantis Efstathiou | |
| Kapsiotis (2013) |
| |
Eliopoulos +3 other references | |
| ... |
Garuti et al. (1997) | |
Greenland | |
| Guotana et al. (2018) |
| Petersen et al. (1985) |
| Sharpe (1980) |
Petersen et al. (1993) | |
Windley B.F. et al. (1989) | |
Friend C.R.L. (1995) | |
Honduras | |
| Mattioli et al. (2014) |
Hungary | |
| www.minerals- of-the- carpathians.eu (Editor:SzakΓ‘ll) |
| geomania.hu (2011) |
| Bulletin of the Hungarian Geological ... +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| |
| SzakΓ‘ll-JΓ‘nosi: Minerals of Hungary |
SzakΓ‘ll-JΓ‘nosi: Minerals of Hungary | |
SzakΓ‘ll-JΓ‘nosi: Minerals of Hungary | |
GEODA/1993 | |
Mineral Species of Hungary | |
Mineral Species of Hungary | |
SzakΓ‘ll-JΓ‘nosi: Minerals of Hungary | |
Iceland | |
| Carmichael et al. (1967) |
India | |
| Barman et al. (2016) |
| Ottens et al. (2022) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : ... |
| Canadian Mineralogist 39:979-996 |
| Rout et al. (2022) |
| Bhushan et al. (2019) |
Bhushan et al. (2019) | |
| Deb (1980) |
| Anand et al. (2022) |
| Lenaz et al. (2021) |
| Balasubrahmanyan (1965) |
Indian Ocean | |
| Popoola et al. (2021) |
| Ki Choi et al. (2024) |
Indonesia | |
| Hakim et al. (2023) |
| Bailey et al. (1995) |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
| doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13179.41767 +1 other reference |
Hakim (2017) | |
| MilΓ©si et al. (1999) |
| Verdiansyah et al. (2022) |
| Abidin (2008) |
Iran | |
| Abedini |
| Tahmasebi et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Ahmadnejad et al. (2017) |
| Michal Filippi (2002) |
| Nezafati et al. (2017) |
Nezafati et al. (2017) | |
| OberhΓ€nsli et al. (2007) |
| Jafari et al. (2019) |
| Khorasanipour (2015) |
| Karimpour et al. (2005) |
| Abdorrahman Rajabi et al. (2015) |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad (2009) |
Ireland | |
| Sweeney et al. (2021) |
| Whitworth (1992) |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
Italy | |
| Barbieri et al. (1984) |
| Dal Piaz (1967) |
Boeris (1909) | |
Dal Piaz (1967) | |
Dal Piaz (2004) | |
Carpanese (1929) +4 other references | |
Dal Piaz (2004) | |
GΓΌller (1947) +2 other references | |
| Panseri et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Franco Luca Bonino collection | |
Brizio P. et al. (1984) | |
Franco Luca Bonino's collection | |
| Paolo Pastore |
Pelloux (1913) | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +2 other references | |
| Toffolo et al. (2017) |
Toffolo et al. (2017) | |
Toffolo et al. (2017) | |
| C.M. Gramaccioli (1975) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Cotta Ramusino et al. (1973) +2 other references | |
Pandullo (1975) +3 other references | |
Pandullo (1975) | |
| β’ Barresi et al. (2005) |
| SEM-EDS and micro-Raman identification ... |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Mineralogical Magazine +1 other reference |
| C.M. Gramaccioli (1975) |
C.M. Gramaccioli (1975) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Catalano et al. (2014) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| ADORNI F. (1997) |
Adorni F. (1997) | |
| Aspetti mineralogici dei "Gessi ... |
| Michele Dondi |
| Caucia et al. (2022) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
Antofilli | |
Marchesini et al. (1998) | |
| Dario Di Domenico photo +2 other references |
| Repossi (1918) +2 other references |
SanitΓ et al. (2024) | |
Pagano et al. (2001) | |
Balestra (2016) | |
| Redazione (2005) |
| Marchesini et al. (2014) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| Antofilli |
| Odicino (2009) +1 other reference |
| Bracco et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Bracco et al. (2007) |
G. Armellino et al. (SV) | |
| Castellaro (2008) |
| Pipino G. (1978) |
King (n.d.) | |
King (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| Maida (2002) |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Sigismund (1949) +1 other reference | |
Guicciardi (1980) +1 other reference | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Gramaccioli (1975) +1 other reference | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Gramaccioli (1962) +1 other reference | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Sciesa (1993) |
Bedognè (2006) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Gramaccioli (1962) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| associazioni.provincia.so.it (2016) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Gramaccioli (1962) +1 other reference | |
Oberti et al. (2018) | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Gramaccioli (1962) +1 other reference | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Pasetti (2010) |
BedognΓ© et al. (1995) | |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) |
| Luigi Chiappino collection |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Campostrini et al. (2023) |
| Piccoli et al. (2020) |
| Simon et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli (2002) |
| Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference |
Piccoli (2002) | |
Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) | |
Rolfo et al. (2015) | |
Piccoli (2002) | |
Dal Piaz (1967) +1 other reference | |
Piccoli (2002) | |
Piccoli (2002) | |
Mandarino (1996) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Piccoli (2002) |
Paolo Bosio field observation | |
Stella (1895) +2 other references | |
| Maletto G. et al. (1976) |
Maletto G. et al. (1976) | |
StrΓΌver (1871) +2 other references | |
Caucia +7 other references | |
Caucia +4 other references | |
Maletto et al. (2014) | |
BARRESI A. et al. (2003) +3 other references | |
Caucia +4 other references | |
| Vola (2020) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Prete (1995) |
| StrΓΌver (1871) +6 other references |
Caucia +4 other references | |
Girolami (2006) | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) +5 other references | |
King (n.d.) | |
Maletto et al. (2014) | |
Gramaccioli (1975) | |
Gramaccioli (1975) | |
Caucia +5 other references | |
Caucia +4 other references | |
Repossi (1919) | |
| Balestro et al. (2013) |
| Barresi et al. (2) |
Giovanni Fraccaro collection | |
| Zambonini (1919) |
| Maletto et al. (2014) |
| Brizio et al. (2010) |
Yves Masson collection | |
| Zambonini (1903) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Novarese G.-I minerali delle rodingiti ... |
| Alessandro Cantamessa collection |
Girolami (2006) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Repossi et al. (1926) +6 other references |
| Grill (1922) +1 other reference |
Ciriotti et al. (2011) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Martins da Pedra |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Franco Luca Bonino's collection +1 other reference |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Bianco et al. (2006) | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) | |
Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10) | |
| Girolami (2006) |
Alpinisti M. (1981) | |
Girolami (2006) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Barresi (1996) +1 other reference |
Franchi (1897) +1 other reference | |
Barresi (1996) +1 other reference | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Girolami (2006) |
| ALBERTINI C. (2014) |
| Bassani U. et al. (Ossola, Novara) |
various added photos | |
| Alberto Vaghi's collection |
Mandarino (1996) | |
Collected by Frank de Wit (1989-2000) +1 other reference | |
Albertini (1991) +1 other reference | |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Angelo Brambilla Collection | |
| Albertini (1983) |
| Sartori et al. (2012) |
| Mattioli V. - La Vigezzite |
| Mattioli V. (1979) +1 other reference |
King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Mattioli V. (1979) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Mattioli V. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Albertini C. (2014) |
Sergio Varvello collection | |
| Mattioli (1979) +2 other references |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Roggiani (1970) |
De Michele (1974) | |
| Mattioli (1979 b) +4 other references |
Appiani et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
Callegari et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
Albertini (2011) | |
| Lincio (1904) +1 other reference |
Lincio (1904) | |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) | |
Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991) | |
| Billows (1941) |
| Naitza et al. (2015) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
Stara P. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1994) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 3/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) +1 other reference |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
| P Haas collection +1 other reference |
| Exel (1987) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Folie et al. (2010) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| SEM-EDS analysis (AMI UK Service) |
| Venzo et al. (2017) |
| Bortolozzi G.M. et al. (2022) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) |
| Nannoni R. et al. (Isola d'Elba) |
M. Franzini et al. (1966) | |
Barsotti et al. (2006) | |
| Garofalo et al. (2023) |
| Orlandi P. and Pezzotta F. (1996) |
| Batacchi et al. (2023) |
| Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference |
Bonifazi (2020) | |
Sammartino (2014) | |
| Orlandi P. et al. (LU) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Biagioni (2004) |
| Biagioni et al. (2023) |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) |
Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (FI) |
Batacchi et al. (2015) | |
| Boschi et al. (2019) |
| Dini et al. (2024) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
Ivory Coast | |
| Pouclet A. et al. (2004) |
Japan | |
| Earth and Planetary Science Letters (1980) |
| Katou (2007) |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2012) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Matsubara et al. (2013) |
| Fujiwara (1994) |
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Bamba (1978) |
| Haruna (2002) |
| Ibaraki et al. (1991) |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Go Ito |
| Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) |
| Mem. Fac. Sci. et al. (1957) |
| Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Iwasa (1882) |
Petrov (n.d.) | |
| Yeats et al. (2017) |
| H. Shirozu (1958) |
| Sudo et al. (1967) |
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (conserved by the Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Nishimura (1971) |
| Nagashima et al. (2016) |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
Jersey | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192 |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192 |
Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192 | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Nitsenko et al. (2004) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Lobanov et al. (2012) |
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π° Π.Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° - Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°. // ΠΠ·Π². ΠΠΠ Π Π et al. (403) | |
| World of Stones |
| ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² Π.Π. (2010) |
| Karpenko et al. (2011) |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2021) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Terra Nostra 2001/2: 3 |
Luxembourg | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Philippo et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1960) |
Behier (1960) | |
| Michel Arliguie collection & photo (Photo ID: 946870, old sample) |
| MusΓ©e National de la Geologie at ... +1 other reference |
| Cecco (2013) |
| Lacroix (1922) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Old label from former C.E.A (Le Commisariat Γ l 'Energie Atomique) |
| Behier (1963) |
| fonjatany-mth.com (2016) |
www.fonjatany-mth.com (2016) | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-160 |
Behier (1963) | |
| p 202 +1 other reference |
Mali | |
| Currier et al. (2011) |
| Currier et al. (2011) |
| Rock Currier (Jewel Tunnel Imports) +1 other reference |
| Currier et al. (2011) |
Currier et al. (2011) | |
| Randabel et al. (2018) |
| David M. Lawrence et al. (2013) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| - (SGM, 2019) |
| Part I et al. (8) +1 other reference |
| Carles Canet et al. (2011) |
| Espinosa Perea (1999) |
| Peter Megaw specimens |
| Canet et al. (2009) |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| www.dmitrenkogg.narod.ru (n.d.) |
Morocco | |
| Neal Luppescu |
| Chatir et al. (2022) |
| Tuduri et al. (2018) |
| Lotfi et al. (2010) |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| |
Myanmar | |
| Oberti et al. (2015) |
Namibia | |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
| Gebhard (1999) |
Nepal | |
| Rob Lavinsky specimen |
New Zealand | |
| Moore et al. (1985) |
Railton et al. (1990) | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Robinson (2018) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Mossman et al. (2000) |
Mossman et al. (2000) | |
| ex Jocelyn Thornton specimen |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| O'Brien et al. (1973) |
| MacKenzie (2014) |
| Grapes et al. (1996) |
Railton et al. (1990) | |
North Korea | |
| Satou (1933) |
North Macedonia | |
| Todor Serafimovski et al. (2012) |
| Schumacher (1954) |
Panikorovskii et al. (2017) | |
| Jersek et al. (1999) |
Norway | |
| Evje og Hornnes geomuseum Fennefoss |
| Info. board at the mine |
| Nordrum (2004) |
| Breivik (2001) |
| Neumann (1955) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2005) |
| Van Autenboer et al. (1957) |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- ... | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) |
| Schetelig (1920) |
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Taagvold (2015) |
| Garmo (2006) |
Banham (1966) | |
| Garmo et al. (2017) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen MM-collection (#3934) |
| Garmo (2018) +1 other reference |
| Taagvold (2015) |
| Taagvold (2015) |
| |
Nordrum (2002) | |
Kostenko et al. (2002) | |
Nordrum (2002) +1 other reference | |
Seljebotn (2016) | |
| Augsten (2014) |
| Foslie (1949) |
XRD | |
| Tomas Husdal personal communication ... |
| Nordrum et al. (2006) |
| BΓΈe (1997) +1 other reference |
| Ellingsen et al. (1995) |
| Kvamsdal (1999) |
| Kjeholt (199?) +1 other reference |
Kristiansen (2022) | |
| Mortensen (1945) |
| Wilke (1976) |
Stuart Mills | |
| Smith (1969) |
| Field collected by Knut Eldjarn |
| Raade et al. (2000) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen MM-collection (#3444) |
| Nordrum (2011) |
Schei (1904) +1 other reference | |
Larsen (2016) | |
| Nordrum (2000) |
| Knut Eldjarn |
| Larsen et al. (2020) |
| Nordrum et al. (1981) |
| Nordrum (2012) |
| Sturt et al. (1965) |
Michalsen (2010) | |
| Nordrum (2010) |
| Nordrum (2009) |
| Carstens (1965) |
Nilsen (1971) | |
| Carstens (1965) |
| WitsΓΈ (1995) |
WitsΓΈ (1999) | |
Nordrum (2007) | |
| WitsΓΈ (1995) +1 other reference |
| Carstens (1925) |
| StΓΈrseth (2019) |
| Hultin (1968) |
Prestvik (1974) | |
| Nordrum (2003) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5113 |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5113 | |
| Samuelsen (1992) |
| Knut Eldjarn Collection |
| Peter Andresen collection. |
| Kvamsdal et al. (2021) |
| Raade (2005) |
Ronald Werner pers. commentary oct. 2005 | |
| Berg (1994) +1 other reference |
| Karstensen (2009) |
Oman | |
| Miyashita |
Pakistan | |
| |
| Jan et al. (1984) |
| Okrusch et al. (1976) |
Okrusch et al. (1976) | |
| Rolfo et al. (1997) |
| Blauwet (2004) +1 other reference |
Rob Lavinsky specimen | |
imported from Shigar District +2 other references | |
| Herb Obodda |
| Jan et al. (1996) |
Panama | |
| BMNH specimen #BM.1985 |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Yates et al. (1967) |
Gonzalez-Alvarez et al. (2013) | |
| Baldwin et al. (2021) |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl (2013) |
| Carlson et al. (1980) |
| Mlynarczyk (2005) |
Philippines | |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| South-East Asian Oil |
Poland | |
| Biernacka (2023) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Gil et al. (2022) |
| ΕodziΕski et al. (2011) |
Szuszkiewicz et al. (2013) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| JANECZEK J. et al. (in Polish with English abstract) |
| SZEΕΔG E. |
| Kuba Kornaga photo & collection |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
field work and sampling et al. (EDS, WDS) | |
| Websky M. (1853) |
| SzeΕΔg et al. (Karkonosze massif, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
Berg 1912: Die kristallinen Schiefer ... +1 other reference | |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg collection |
SzeΕΔg E. et al. (Karkonosze Massif, Lower Silesia, Poland) | |
Eligiusz SzeΕΔg private collection | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Gil et al. (2019) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg private collection |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| JANECZEK J. et al. (Ce) |
[var: Pennine] Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg private collection |
| SuΕkowski J. (1967) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| SzeΕΔg E. & Szuszkiewicz A. 2010: ... |
| Maciej Rybicki and Tomasz KrzykawskiContemporary (2014) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Pieczka et al. (2023) | |
| DUBIΕSKA E. et al. (NasΕawice, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
| Wiewiora et al. (1991) |
| Delura (2015) |
| Traube (1888) |
| Traube (1888) |
| SachanbiΕski et al. 2000: Heavy ... +1 other reference |
Pieczka et al. (2013) +2 other references | |
Heflik et al. (1987) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Chodyniecka (1967) |
| PierwoΕa |
| Koszowska E. |
Portugal | |
| Barriga et al. (1998) |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
| Maia et al. (2022) |
| Alves et al. (2010) |
| Leal et al. (2022) |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and ... |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... | |
Knut Eldjarn | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Nuno Afonso specimen |
| Nuno Afonso collection (XRD-analysed) |
| Fuertes-Fuente et al. (2011) |
| Bull. MinΓ©ral. |
| Nuno Afonso collection |
| Alves (2017) |
| Alves (2017) |
Romania | |
| Marincea +4 other references |
| Ş +1 other reference |
Zajzon et al. (2006) | |
Ş +1 other reference | |
| Delia Cristina Papp et al. (2005) |
| SzakΓ‘ll |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (2010) |
| new data and review. The Canadian Mineralogist (6) +2 other references |
Marincea et al. (2011) | |
| Marincea et al. (2014, September) +1 other reference |
| Marincea (2000) |
| PΓ‘l MolnΓ‘r (2000) |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (2010) |
| Comptes Rendus Geosciences Volume 335 |
Pascal et al. (2001) | |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2011) |
| Kepezhinskas et al. (2023) |
| Kovalev et al. (2006) |
| Brusnitsyn (2006) |
Michurin et al. (2024) | |
| Zaccarini et al. (2004) |
| Talovina et al. (2008) |
| Murzin et al. (2018) |
| Pekov (1998) +2 other references |
| Alekseev et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
Filina et al. (2019) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Alexei Kuznetsov data |
| Talovina et al. (2008) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Krupenin (2002) |
| Talovina et al. (2008) |
Talovina et al. (2008) | |
Talovina et al. (2003) | |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
KRUPENIN (2004) | |
| Joseph Freillich specimen |
| Pekov (1998) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Pekov et al. (2011) | |
| Nikolaev et al. (2013) |
Nagornaya et al. (2021) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2020) |
| Woodl et al. (2006) |
| Sklyarov +5 other references |
Sklyarov +5 other references | |
| Mazurov et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Barkov et al. (2019) |
| Anastasiya SERGEEVA (2023) |
| Novakov et al. (2021) |
| Sandimirova et al. (2014) |
| Barkov et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Bogdanova N.G. et al. (1980) |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) |
Kassandrov et al. (2009) | |
| |
| Burlakov (1995) |
Burlakov (1999) | |
| Pavel Kartashov specimen |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| ΠΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π² Π.Π |
| Chakhmouradian +2 other references |
... | |
| Kompanchenko et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
Lobanov et al. (2021, August) | |
| Subbotin et al. (1998) +3 other references |
Mikhailova et al. (2015) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Zaitsev et al. (2004) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Kompanchenko et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Ivanyuk et al. (2008) |
| Barkov +3 other references |
Barkov +3 other references | |
Barkov +5 other references | |
| Talovina et al. (2003) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Rogulina et al. (2008) |
| Soloviev et al. (2011) |
I.N. Kigai data | |
| Nikolay Serebryakov data |
| Semenov et al. (2008) |
Barkov et al. (2002) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
webmineral.ru (2020) | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| Svetova et al. (2023) |
| S. N. Britvin et al.: Can. Mineral. 41:1371-1380 (2003) |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Frantsesson (1970) |
| Grant (2001) +1 other reference |
| Chukanov et al. (2016) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Popov et al. (2019, June) | |
Avdonin V.N. (2004) | |
| Rob Lavinsky (ex. American Museum of Natural History and Lawrence Conklin specimen) |
| Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch. (2) +2 other references |
| Mezentseva et al. (2011) |
| Stepanov +10 other references |
| according last founds on this point |
| Sharygin et al. (2017) |
| Murzin et al. (2009) |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2017) |
| [Mineralien Welt 6/92:62] |
| Murzin et al. (2022) |
| Soloviev et al. (2013) |
| Prokofβev et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Charles W. Smith et al. (1976) |
| Faheha et al. (2012) |
Slovakia | |
| ΔuΔa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| VladimΓr BilohuΕ‘Δin (2016) +1 other reference |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| OzdΓn D. (2018) |
| RegΓ‘sek F. (ed.) +1 other reference |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
Ferenc Ε et al. (Kokava nad Rimavicou) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| TrdliΔka Z. & NovΓ‘k F. (SpiΕ‘sko-gemerskΓ© rudohoΕΓ) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| Hurai V. & HuraiovΓ‘ M. |
| Ε tevko M. et al. (in Slovak) |
RybΓ‘rik M. et al. (2020) | |
RuΕΎiΔka P. et al. (Praha) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| PauliΕ‘ |
Uher P. | |
| Uher P. et al. (magnesiofoitite and dravite) |
| PauliΕ‘ P. |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| RuΕΎiΔka P. et al. (2017) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Radvanec et al. (2016) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Martin Ε tevko |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| HΓ‘ber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) |
RuΕΎiΔka P et al. (2019) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
ΔuΔa R. et al. ( Kotterbach ) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| BakoΕ‘ F. et al. (Tatry) |
| Duda et. all. |
ΔuΔa R. (2001) | |
| Uher et al. (2015) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| GawΔda et al. (2016) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
KodΔra (1986) | |
South Africa | |
| Henning et al. (1997) |
| Cairncross photo ID 729686 |
| Wilson |
Rocks & Minerals 83:5 pp 410-421 +1 other reference | |
| Bangert et al. (2001) |
| McFall et al. (2019) |
| Braithwaite et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| McCall (2016) |
| Cairncross (1991) +1 other reference |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
Atanasova et al. (2016) | |
| Paul Meulenbeld collection photo ID ... |
| Paul Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ... |
| GΓΌnther (2013) |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Robert O. Meyer collection +3 other references |
| Robert O. Meyer collection +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1990) |
| Gutzmer (1996) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Von Bezing (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Mahumapelo et al. (2014) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Yuhuan et al. (2021) |
| Kinosaki (1941) |
| Jeong et al. (1999) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kinosaki (1941) |
Spain | |
| Miguel Angel Fernandez Periz (2006) |
Miguel A. Fernandez PΓ©riz (2006) | |
| Marcel Valladares collection |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Jose Miguel Sola Fernandez collection |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| J.M. Azanon and B. GoffΓ© |
| J.M. Azanon and B. GoffΓ© |
| Tornos et al. (1998) |
| Josep Sanchez-Lafuente Mariol ... +1 other reference |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
GonzΓ‘lez-PΓ©rez et al. (2021) | |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| ColecciΓ³n Juan A.M. Barnestein |
Romero Silva (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
| Romero Silva JC (2003) |
Calvo (2018) | |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Casillas et al. (2011) |
| Lapis 2001 et al. (reference via Ferdinando Giovine) +1 other reference |
| in Coll. Martin Slama |
| M. Hardy and J.P. Ildefonse : Dolomitisation (Bonar, Espagne) |
| Mata i PerellΓ³ (1990) |
| Joan Rosell. RosellMinerals (2021) |
| Berbain +2 other references |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Rosell Minerals |
| ANGEL ORTIZ MAELLAS AOM |
| In Coll. M. Slama |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Sanabria et al. (2002) |
| SuΓ‘rez et al. (2011) |
| GarΓ³fano-Medina et al. (2021) |
| Pascual +1 other reference |
| Victor Pais Collection |
| Kilias et al. (2006) |
| |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Manteca (2013) |
Manteca (2013) | |
| mineralespania.blogspot.fr (n.d.) |
| Casanova Honrubia |
| Casanova Honrubia |
Sudan | |
| Ministry of Energy and Mining The Geological Research Authority of The Sudan (GRAS) |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
| |
| von Eckermann. H. (1923) |
| Geijer (1965) |
| |
| |
| |
| A.HΓΆgbom-H.HedstrΓΆm: Taberg GFF 32 |
| J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... |
J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... | |
J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite ... | |
| EichstΓ€dt (1884) |
| Valentin Alain (2014) |
| TorbjΓΆrn Lorin photo and specimen |
| Shaikh (1972) |
DenisovΓ‘ (2013) | |
| |
| Hogmalm et al. (2012) |
| collections +1 other reference |
| |
| Torstensson (2004) |
| |
| Stenberg (2005) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| |
| SjΓΆgren (1897) +1 other reference |
| Γstra VΓ€rmlands Mineral Society |
Econ Geol (1984) | |
| Nysten (1984) |
| |
| Kresten (1990) |
| |
| |
| Γhman (2003) |
| Γhman (2003) |
| Γhman et al. (2004) |
| Sven-Olof Niklasson phoro & specimen |
Switzerland | |
| |
Volker (1972) | |
| Romani E. (2000) |
Romani E. (2000) | |
Romani E. (2000) | |
| Romani (2000) |
Romani (2000) | |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
Romani (2000) | |
De Quervain (1935) +4 other references | |
De Quervain (1935) +3 other references | |
De Quervain (1935) +4 other references | |
Romani (2000) | |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Probst J. (2013) |
| Jahn (2004) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019 |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Lapis 29 (9) |
King (n.d.) | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Rock Currier | |
| LΓΌtzenkirchen et al. (2011) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Taddei (1937) |
Taddei (1937) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| WeiΓ (1982) +1 other reference |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| Christian Bracke Collection. |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
| Wilson (2023) |
| M. Delaloye (1966) |
| StΓ©phane Eggs & Alexandre Salzmann |
| Raber et al. (2018) |
Kolitsch et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
Personally collected by GΓΌnter Frenz | |
| LΓΌtzenkirchen et al. (2011) |
| StΓ©phane Cuchet and Nicolas Meisser |
| Philippe Roth's collection |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| |
| Cuchet et al. (2005) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Brugger et al. (2003) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
Ansermet et al. (2012) | |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
Ansermet et al. (2012) | |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
Roth (2007) | |
Christian Bracke Collection | |
| |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Ref.: Stalder et al. (1973) | |
| Stalder et al. (1973) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| R. L. Parker |
| Christian Bracke Collection |
Christian Bracke Collection | |
Christian Bracke Collection | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Christian Bracke Collection | |
Meisser et al. (1990) | |
| Ansermet (2004) +1 other reference |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Meisser (2012) |
Taiwan | |
| Zhengzhang Tao (1992) |
| |
| |
| Li et al. (2000) |
Li et al. (2000) | |
| |
| Juang (1984) |
| Huang (2013) |
Tajikistan | |
| Litvinenko +8 other references |
| Levitskii V.I. (1990) |
| Yatimov et al. (2022) |
| Badalov et al. (1977) |
Badalov et al. (1977) | |
Badalov et al. (1977) | |
Tanzania | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Frank K. Mazdab specimen |
Turkey | |
| Yildirim (2022) |
Abdelnasser et al. (2022) | |
| American Mineralogist |
| |
| |
Dietrich et al. (1978) | |
| Ersoy et al. (2023) |
| Akbudak et al. (2020) |
Akbudak et al. (2020) | |
UK | |
| |
| Fitch et al. (2022) |
| Elton et al. (2004) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| |
| |
Betterton (2000) | |
| LeBoutillier et al. (2003) |
Golley et al. (1995) | |
| |
| - (2006) |
| Roberts (1983) +1 other reference |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| [var: Corundophilite] www.mineralman.f9.co.uk (2001) |
| |
| [var: Corundophilite] Embrey (1978) |
| |
| S.Rust Collection |
| |
| Stephen Moreton Collection |
| King (n.d.) |
| Dr Stephen Moreton collection. |
| Dr Stephen Moreton collection. |
Heddle (1878) | |
Dr Stephen Moreton collection. | |
| Green et al. (1996) |
| National Museum of Wales database |
| Sadasivam et al. (2019) |
| Cotterell et al. (2011) |
Ukraine | |
| Tischenko A. data |
| Dvoichenko (1914) +1 other reference |
| Emetz et al. (2005) |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Kugimiya et al. (2004) |
Gnos et al. (2000) | |
USA | |
| Koski et al. (2007) |
Koski et al. (2007) | |
| Koski et al. (2007) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Luetcke (n.d.) | |
Luetcke (n.d.) | |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Gilluly (1946) |
| Thomas et al. (1983) |
Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Williams (1960) |
| Galbraith (1947) |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anderson (1958) +1 other reference |
Anderson (1958) | |
| [Mineralogical Record 20 129-142] |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +1 other reference | |
| Rogers (1912) +1 other reference |
| Lindgren (1888) +1 other reference |
| Irelan et al. (1890a) +1 other reference |
Kunz | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +4 other references |
| - (2005) |
Cater et al. (1948b) +1 other reference | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +4 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references |
REF:Deposit:: CATER | |
| |
| Blasdale (1901) +1 other reference |
| Anonymous (1962) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +4 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references |
Tsujimori | |
| Tony Charlton |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
Mineralogical Record:31 (4) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434 +4 other references |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 148. +2 other references | |
- (2005) | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
| Melhase (1935c) +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 433. +2 other references | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +3 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +3 other references |
| Wise et al. (1995) |
| Don Windeler collection for artinite |
| Durrell (1939) +1 other reference |
| Durrell (1939) +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press. +1 other reference | |
| Daipauu's Collection |
| Paul M. Adams (2003) |
| FΓ€rber (n.d.) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434 +2 other references |
Pelletier | |
| |
| Bradley (1938) +2 other references |
King (n.d.) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +4 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
| Melhase (1935c) +1 other reference |
| Lindgren (1888) +2 other references |
| Samples obtained from Bay Area Mineralogists (BAM) |
| Woodford et al. (1941) |
Woodford et al. (1941) | |
Van Nostrand 434. +5 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references |
| Gail E. Dunning (gedunning@juno.com) |
ouvarovite: American Journal of Science +3 other references | |
Richard Dale Collection | |
| Vandall King |
| - (2005) |
Joseph F. Cooper Jr. et al. (2003) | |
King (n.d.) | |
www.mineralsocal.org | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 387 +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 434. +2 other references | |
Herwig Pelckmans collection | |
P.C. | |
| Mills et al. (2010) |
| |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) +2 other references |
| Symons (1945) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. +3 other references |
| Rynearson (1940) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. +2 other references |
| Symons (1945) +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 388. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 500. +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| - (2005) |
| Phillip Betancourt |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Hanley et al. (1950) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Simmons et al. (1980) |
- (2005) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:5 pp316-324 |
| Robert Stoufer collection--personal ... |
| Rocks & Min.:62:9 +3 other references |
| Holmes et al. (1983) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Specimen observations |
| Agar and Emendorfer (1937) +2 other references |
| Jeremy Zolan |
Shannon (1921b) +1 other reference | |
P Cristofono collection | |
Moritz (n.d.) | |
Weber et al. (1995) | |
| John Burnham |
John Burnham collection | |
| John Burnham collection |
John Burnham collection | |
| Schairer (1931) +1 other reference |
Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Rocks & Min.:11:248. |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi (1976) |
| American Museum of Natural History ... |
| Shannon (1920) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Former Ed Force collection |
| Yale Peabody Museum #3874 and #3879 |
| Rule et al. (1987) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:194. |
| 34-37 +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.:64:198. |
| 501-506. +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:202. |
| Ream (2004) |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
Gems and Minerals of America - Jay ... | |
| Pavlides |
| Pavlides |
Pavlides | |
Pavlides | |
Pavlides | |
| ... |
| pubs.usgs.gov (2017) |
| King et al. (1994) |
King et al. (1994) | |
King et al. (1994) | |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
King et al. (1994) | |
| Morrill et al. 1958. +1 other reference |
| |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
| King et al. (6) |
King et al. (6) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| |
| Wandke |
| A.Mathauser collection |
Ostrander (1940) | |
Pearre (1960) | |
Ostrander (1940) | |
| Vandall King |
| Stuart Herring Collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:473. |
Stuart Herring +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... +1 other reference |
| Pearre (1960) |
Ostrander (1940) | |
| Ostrander (1940) |
Ostrander (1940) | |
| Bernstein (1980) |
| Gleba (2008) |
Gleba (2008) | |
"Western Massachusetts Mineral ... | |
| |
Gleba (2008) | |
- (1917) | |
| |
"Western Massachuetts Mineral ... | |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| |
Alan R. Plante | |
Alan R. Plante | |
Alan R. Plante | |
Alan R. Plante | |
Alan R. Plante | |
Alan R. Plante | |
| Emerson (1895) |
| Shannon (1920) |
| Plante (1992) |
| Yale Peabody Museum #5236 |
Fairbanks (1923) | |
Palache & Fraprie | |
Gleba (2008) | |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
Michael W. Kieron collection | |
| P Cristofono collection |
| Peter Cristofono collection |
| Gleba (2008) |
Perry et al. (1903) | |
| ... |
| [var: Ripidolite] Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Copperwoood Mine Orvana Resources US ... |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
... | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Mineralogy of Michigan |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Yalmer Primeau collection |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
... | |
| [var: Ripidolite] Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Allan Blaske collection (hardness, crystal form, cleavage) |
| Shannon (1923) |
| Gibson |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +2 other references |
| Joekel +1 other reference |
| Vitaliano (1957) |
| XRD Canadian Museum of Nature |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
USGS Bull 1162B | |
| LaPointe et al. (199) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Martin Jensen (2011) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Meyers et al. (1956) |
| AmMin 12:307-319 |
| Harvard Mineralogical Museum +1 other reference |
| Yale Peabody Museum |
| Edith Trybalski |
| Thompson et al. (2022) |
| Rocks & Min.: 17:136-139. +1 other reference |
| Morrill |
S.M. Whittemore collection | |
| Nora K. Foley et al. (2006) |
| Nora K. Foley et al. (2006) |
| Mins. of NYC & Environs (1931) |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| Mins. of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Kent et al. (2000) |
| NJ State geol. Ann. Rpt. (1900) |
| Betancourt (1986) |
Frondel & Ito: Neues Jahrbuch fΓΌr Min. Abhandlungen:123:111-115 (1975) +1 other reference | |
Peters et al. (1983) | |
King (n.d.) | |
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) | |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Common knowledge among local collectors. |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
NMBMMR Bull 11 The Geology of the Organ ... | |
NMBMMR Bull 11 The Geology of the Organ ... | |
NMBMMR Bull 11 The Geology of the Organ ... | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Walker et al. (1956) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| undefined |
Robert E. Wastrom Collection | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Kunz (1888b) |
| Collected by Steve Okulewicz |
| Manchester (1931) |
| |
Glenn Rhein | |
| NY State Museum Bull. Nos. 249-250 et al. (Sep-Oct 1921) +1 other reference |
| - (Bridenbaugh, 1873) +1 other reference |
| Chamberlain et al. (2018) |
| Chamberlain et al. (2001) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Whitlock (1903) |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:5 p 344 |
| - (2005) |
| Dana 6:515 |
GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume 56 ... | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| |
Genth (1891) +1 other reference | |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
Genth +1 other reference | |
Genth (1891) | |
Wilson et al. (1978) | |
Genth | |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
Genth | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
Randy Jones - Lostcove Minerals | |
Genth (1891) | |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| Dana 6: 1078. |
NCGS Survey Bulletin 97 +1 other reference | |
Genth (1891) | |
Genth et al. (1881) | |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... |
Genth +1 other reference | |
| Genth |
| Self Collected by Bruce Osborne |
| Speer (1997) |
Genth (1891) | |
| McCormick (1975) |
| Phyllis Richardson |
Oregon Metal Mines Handbook | |
| Fleischer et al. (1960) |
| various photographs |
| S. G. Gordon |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +1 other reference |
| Gordon: Mineralogy of Pennysylvania |
Yale Peabody Museum +1 other reference | |
| Stuart Herring |
| Mineralogy of Pennsylvania - 1922 +1 other reference |
| Mineralogy of Pennsylvania - 1922 +1 other reference |
Gordon | |
| Dana 6:1068 +1 other reference |
| Lapham & Geyer |
A.Mathauser collection +1 other reference | |
The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +1 other reference | |
Stuart Herring | |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| |
| Mineralogy of Pennsylvania-1922 +1 other reference |
| Doris Chambers |
| |
| |
| Grew et al. (1972) |
AmMin 12:427-436 | |
Miller (1971) | |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| |
| Miller |
Miller | |
Miller (1971) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 61:281-284 |
Rocks & Minerals (1986) | |
AmMin 22:279 | |
| |
| |
| Museum of Natural History |
King (n.d.) | |
Am. Min. 11 pp. 334-340 | |
| |
Museum of Natural History | |
| Museum of Natural History |
University of Rhode Island collection. ... | |
| |
| Miller +1 other reference |
| |
| AmMin 1 p. 3-4 |
| |
| Speer et al. (1987) |
Speer et al. (1987) | |
Speer et al. (1987) | |
| Speer et al. (1981) |
| GSA Southeastern Section - 60th Annual Meeting (23β25 March 2011) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| USGS Prof Paper 297A |
Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Paris (2011) |
| Morgan et al. (2008) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Rocks & Min.: 22:925. |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Bray and Emery |
| King (n.d.) |
| Zodac (1940) |
Morrill & Chaffee | |
[var: Chromium-bearing Clinochlore] P. Cristofono collection | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Dietrich (1990) | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
| Brander Robinson Personal collection |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Dietrich (1990) | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Alfredo Petrov - field observations |
| Micro Probe Volume VIII Number 9 spring ... |
| various added photos |
self collected | |
Eric He's Collection +1 other reference | |
| Steve Satra |
Steve Satra specimens | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
R. Derkey +4 other references | |
Cannon (1975) | |
| www.uwrf.edu (n.d.) |
| Min. News 15 (5) |
| Joe Cilen |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:385 |
Jay Ellis Ransom | |
Wolff (1912) | |
Rocks & Minerals 76:389 | |
Vietnam | |
| Nguyen et al. (2022) |
| Xu et al. (2024) |
Yemen | |
| LPSC 25 (1994) +1 other reference |
Zambia | |
| Stanislas VrΓ‘na collection and photo |
| Gao et al. (2023) |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references |
| MacIntyre (2019) |
Zimbabwe | |
Chamber of Mines Jour. +1 other reference | |
| Eales (1964) |
| Chaumba (2017) |
Mars | |
| Ehlmann et al. (2009) |
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Croft Gothal Mine, St Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK