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Gebhardite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Gebhardite

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Gebhardite

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Gebhardite

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

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About GebharditeHide

Georg Gebhard

Formula:

Pb₈(As₂O₅)₂OCl₆

Colour:

Brown

Lustre:

Adamantine

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

6.0 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in honor of Georg Gebhard (1945 – ), German chemist, mineral collector, and authority on rare minerals, who supplied the specimen. Author of many mineral-related papers and the books Tsumeb (1991) and Tsumeb II (1999). The mineral christelite is named for his wife.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

This page provides mineralogical data about Gebhardite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1664

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1664:9

GUID
(UUID V4):

f84bbbe2-4317-4c7e-ae36-e91c8a7053d4

IMA Classification of GebharditeHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb₈As³⁺₄O₁₁Cl₆

First published:

1983

Classification of GebharditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.JB.50

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
B : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; with additional anions, without H₂O

Dana 8th ed.:

46.2.5.1

46 : ANTIMONITES AND ARSENITES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

23.10

23 : Arsenites

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Geb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GebharditeHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Brown

Streak:

White

Hardness:

3 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=80 - 180 - Vickers

Hardness Data:

Measured

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001}

Density:

6.0 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of GebharditeHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 2.080 n_γ = 2.120

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.040

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

r < v strong

Optical Extinction:

Z = b; X ∧ a = 3°.

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

X = Y = pale brown; Z = brown

Chemistry of GebharditeHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₈(As₂O₅)₂OCl₆

Elements listed:

As, Cl, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of GebharditeHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/b

Setting:

P2₁/c

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.72 Å, b = 11.2 Å, c = 34.19 Å
β = 85.2°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.6 : 1 : 3.053

Unit Cell V:

2,564.25 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals elongated along [010], with {100} and {001}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0010847	Gebhardite	Klaska R, Gebert W (1982) Polytypie und struktur von gebhardit - Pb8OCl6(As2O5)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 159 75-76		1982	Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Gebhardite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Klaska R'
'Gebert W'
_journal_name_full 'Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie'
_journal_volume 159 
_journal_year 1982
_journal_page_first 75
_journal_page_last 76
_publ_section_title
;
 Polytypie und struktur von gebhardit - Pb8OCl6(As2O5)2
;
_database_code_amcsd 0010847
_chemical_compound_source 'Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb8 Cl6 As4 O11'
_cell_length_a 6.724
_cell_length_b 11.20
_cell_length_c 34.19
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 85.2
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 2565.778
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.073
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Pb1   0.74350   0.62830   0.21930
Pb2   0.79700   0.62940  -0.01220
Pb3   0.14680   0.37500   0.19140
Pb4   0.74430   0.12360   0.21970
Pb5   0.80450   0.12340  -0.00930
Pb6   0.84270   0.37420   0.30590
Pb7   0.97940   0.89980   0.59600
Pb8   0.99010   0.15210   0.10370
Cl1   0.67840  -0.13390   0.82150
Cl2   0.36230   0.11590   0.03570
Cl3   0.49370   0.36820   0.25090
Cl4   0.33750  -0.13340   0.68170
Cl5   0.74530  -0.37630   0.89530
Cl6   0.36000   0.61640   0.03660
As1   0.75030   0.87180   0.06040
As2   0.72270   0.37290   0.05520
As3   0.69830   0.12350   0.65520
As4   0.72300   0.87590   0.15510
O1   0.79280   0.36950   0.10160
O2   0.83450   0.85450   0.11140
O3   0.10110   0.74110   0.95510
O4   0.09070   0.25440   0.45660
O5   0.87840   0.23620   0.67150
O6   0.84540   0.00000   0.66580
O7   0.87100   0.73860   0.67500
O8   0.85140   0.50020   0.66380
O9   0.86030   0.49910   0.53430
O10   0.14010   0.99750   0.46290
O11   0.74670   0.11740   0.88510

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.70 Å	(100)
3.72 Å	(80)
3.68 Å	(80)
2.801 Å	(80)
3.55 Å	(70)
3.15 Å	(70)
2.925 Å	(60)

Comments:

Tsumeb, Namibia. Data from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]

Type Occurrence of GebharditeHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

General Appearance of Type Material:

A weathered 5x5x3 cm mass of white carbonates and silicates coated with secondary minerals. Gebhardite in acicular crystals in contact with mimetite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Ecole des mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 147360.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Willemite	Smithsonite	Reinerite	Quartz	Mimetite
Hematite	Fraipontite

Synonyms of GebharditeHide

IMA1979-071

Other Language Names for GebharditeHide

German:Gebhardit

Russian:Гебхардит

Spanish:Gebhardita

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.JB.	Cuyaite	Ca₂Mn³⁺As³⁺₁₄O₂₄Cl	Mon. m
4.JB.	Brattforsite	Mn₁₉(AsO ₃)₁₂Cl₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.JB.05	Fetiasite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Ti)₃(As₂O₅)O₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.10	Manganarsite	Mn₃(As₂O₄)(OH)₄	Trig.
4.JB.15	Magnussonite	Mn²⁺₁₀(As³⁺O₃)₆(OH,Cl)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.JB.15	UM1984-09-AsO:ClHMn	Mn₁₀As₆O₁₈(OH)Cl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.JB.20	Armangite	Mn²⁺₂₆(AsO₃)₁₄(HAsO₃)₄(CO₃)	Trig. 3 : P3
4.JB.25	Nanlingite	Na(Ca₅Li)Mg₁₂(AsO₃)₂[Fe(AsO₃)₆]F₁₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.JB.30	Asbecasite	Ca₃(Ti,Sn⁴⁺)Be₂(AsO₃)₆(SiO₄)₂	Trig. 3m : P3c1
4.JB.35	Stenhuggarite	CaFeSb(AsO₃)₂O	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.JB.40	Trigonite	Pb₃Mn²⁺(AsO₃)₂(HAsO₃)	Mon. m
4.JB.45	Finnemanite	Pb₅(AsO₃)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
4.JB.55	Derbylite	Fe³⁺₄Ti₃Sb³⁺O₁₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.55	Tomichite	(V,Fe)₄Ti₃AsO₁₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.JB.55	Graeserite	Fe³⁺₄Ti₃As³⁺O₁₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.JB.60	Hemloite	(Ti,V³⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)₁₂(As³⁺,Sb³⁺)₂O₂₃(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
4.JB.65	Freedite	Cu⁺Pb₈(AsO₃)₂O₃Cl₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.JB.70	Georgiadesite	Pb₄(As³⁺O₃)Cl₄(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.JB.75	Ekatite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Zn)₁₂(AsO₃)₆(AsO₃,HSiO₄)₂(OH)₆	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.JB.75	Szklaryite	◻Al₆BAs³⁺₃O₁₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.JB.85	Lepageite	Mn²⁺₃(Fe³⁺₇Fe²⁺₄)O₃[Sb³⁺₅As³⁺₈O₃₄]	Tric. 1 : P1
4.JB.90	Bianchiniite	Ba₂(TiV)(As₂O₅)₂OF	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mcm

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Treatment with cold HCl or HNO3 leads to formation of tiny octahedra of As203.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GebharditeHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1664.html
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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for GebharditeHide

Reference List:

Klaska, R., Gebert, W. (1982) Polytypie und struktur von gebhardit - Pb8OCl6(As2O5)2. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 159: 75-76. (in German)

Medenbach, O., Gebert, W., Abraham, K. (1983) Gebhardit, Pb₈OCl₆(As₂O₅)₂, ein neues arsenit von Tsumeb, Südwest-Afrika/Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1983. 445-450

Dunn, Pete J., Chao, George Y., Fleischer, Michael, Ferraiolo, James A., Langley, Richard H., Pabst, Adolf, Zilczer, Janet A. (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (1-2) 214-221

(2023) Gebhardite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for GebharditeHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Namibia (TL)

Oshikoto Region

Tsumeb

ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine) (TL)

Medenbach et al. (1983)

Gebhardite

About GebharditeHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of GebharditeHide

Classification of GebharditeHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of GebharditeHide

Optical Data of GebharditeHide

Chemistry of GebharditeHide

Crystallography of GebharditeHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of GebharditeHide

Synonyms of GebharditeHide

Other Language Names for GebharditeHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for GebharditeHide

References for GebharditeHide

Localities for GebharditeHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide