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Geikielite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About GeikieliteHide

01979880014947331415524.jpg
Sir Archibald Geikie, Director General, British Geological Survey.
Formula:
MgTiO3
Colour:
Black, red, brownish black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.79 - 4.2
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
For Sir Archibald Geikie (Edinburgh 28 December 1835 – Haslemere, Surrey 10 November 1924), Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland.
Ilmenite Group. Geikielite-Ilmenite Series. The magnesium analogue of Ilmenite, Pyrophanite, and Ecandrewsite. The titanium analogue of Akimotoite.
May be confused with Hematite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1670
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1670:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
545da361-ef8d-474a-b0ca-665b9f2aaa13

IMA Classification of GeikieliteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1892

Classification of GeikieliteHide

4.CB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.5.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.9.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
GkIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
GkWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
GklThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of GeikieliteHide

Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Black, red, brownish black
Streak:
Purple brown
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {1011}
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.79 - 4.2 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.895 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of GeikieliteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 2.310 - 2.350 nε = 1.950 - 1.980
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.360 - 0.370
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Strong
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Internal Reflections:
Red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O = Pinkish red
E = Brownish to purplish red

Chemistry of GeikieliteHide

Mindat Formula:
MgTiO3
Common Impurities:
Fe,Cr,Mn,Ca

Crystallography of GeikieliteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.05478(26) Å, c = 13.8992(7) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.75
Unit Cell V:
307.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Tabular to prismatic crystals.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0006107GeikieliteLiferovich R P, Mitchell R H (2006) The pyrophanite-geikielite solid-solution series: crystal structures of the Mn1-xMgxTiO3 series (0 < x < 0.7) The Canadian Mineralogist 44 1099-11072006synthetic0293
0006108GeikieliteLiferovich R P, Mitchell R H (2006) The pyrophanite-geikielite solid-solution series: crystal structures of the Mn1-xMgxTiO3 series (0 < x < 0.7) The Canadian Mineralogist 44 1099-11072006synthetic0293
0008980GeikieliteLiferovich R P, Mitchell R H (2005) Rhombohedral ilmenite group nickel titanates with Zn, Mg, and Mn: synthesis and crystal structures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 442-44920050293
0008981GeikieliteLiferovich R P, Mitchell R H (2005) Rhombohedral ilmenite group nickel titanates with Zn, Mg, and Mn: synthesis and crystal structures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32 442-44920050293
0009834GeikieliteWechsler B A, Von Dreele R B (1989) Structure refinements of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica B45 542-5491989synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.722 Å(100)
2.218 Å(70)
2.527 Å(55)
1.708 Å(55)
3.703 Å(45)
1.852 Å(40)
1.4592 Å(40)
Comments:
Synthetic. Data from Swanson et al. (1955).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases4.566–4.560
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
13 : Hadean serpentinization
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
Geological Setting:
Contact metamorphism of impure magnesian limestones.

Type Occurrence of GeikieliteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Pebbles.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, England, 69078-69079.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Gem gravels.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of GeikieliteHide

Other Language Names for GeikieliteHide

Simplified Chinese:镁钛矿
Spanish:Geikielita

Relationship of Geikielite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Akimotoite(Mg,Fe2+)SiO3Trig. 3 : R3
Ecandrewsite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
Hemleyite(Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3Trig. 3 : R3
IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)FeCrO3Trig. 3 : R3
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
15 photos of Geikielite associated with SpinelMgAl2O4
12 photos of Geikielite associated with LizarditeMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
10 photos of Geikielite associated with CalciteCaCO3
4 photos of Geikielite associated with PseudosinhaliteMg2Al3(BO3)2(OH)O3
4 photos of Geikielite associated with ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
3 photos of Geikielite associated with TitanclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2
2 photos of Geikielite associated with HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
2 photos of Geikielite associated with HematiteFe2O3
2 photos of Geikielite associated with Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
2 photos of Geikielite associated with RutileTiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CB.Ferrohögbomite-2N2S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.Magnesiohögbomite-6N12SMg5Al11TiO23(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.Zhenruite(MoO3)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.Pengite(Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.VirgilluethiteMoO3 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSb5+O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05KarelianiteV3+2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05Akimotoite(Mg,Fe2+)SiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05AuroantimonateAuSbO3
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSbAu+2Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05TistariteTi3+2O3Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)FeCrO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05Hemleyite(Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10AvicenniteTl2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Mn)Mn3+2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O3Iso.
4.CB.15Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CB.15SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CB.15FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti2O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15GriffiniteAl2TiO5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S[(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S[(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S[(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S[(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S[(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20Zincovelesite-6N6SZn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe2Ti3O9Hex. 6 2 2 : P63 2 2
4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV3+2TiO5Mon.
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3+2V4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30KaitianiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Olkhonskite(Cr,V)2Ti3O9Mon.
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV3+2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35MachiiteAl2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Vestaite(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40RinmaniteZn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2Hex. 6 : P63
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3Mon. 2/m
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3Tet.
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20Iso. 2 3 : I2 3
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteV3+Ti2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.80TietaiyangiteFe3+4Fe2+TiO9Hex.
4.CB.85LiuiteFeTiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90LuogufengiteFe2O3Orth. mm2 : Pna21
4.CB.95WangdaodeiteFeTiO3Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Infusible.
Notes:
When in a fine powder, slowly decomposed by hot strong HCl. Also decomposed by hydrofluoric acid even in the cold in the course of a few hours if finely powdered.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GeikieliteHide

References for GeikieliteHide

Reference List:

Localities for GeikieliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Queen Maud Land
      • Sør Rondane Mountains
Grew et al. (1991)
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
Rosenshein et al. (2006)
Australia
 
  • Tasmania
    • Waratah-Wynyard municipality
      • Corinna-Savage River district
Bottrill & Taheri
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Melk District
      • Dunkelsteinerwald
        • Häusling
Kolitsch (2022)
        • Kochholz
Kolitsch (2018)
  • Styria
    • Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District
      • Stubenberg am See
Tropper (2001, 2007) +1 other reference
  • Tyrol
    • Imst District
      • Längenfeld
Gasteiger et al. (2013)
Brazil
 
  • São Paulo
    • Cajati
Oliveira et al. (2020)
Menezes et al. (1984)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Greenwood Mining Division
      • Grand Forks
Richard Gunter Collection
  • Ontario
    • Haliburton County
      • Highlands East Township
        • Monmouth Township
Analysis by Tony Steede at the ROM
  • Québec
    • Outaouais
      • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
        • Chelsea
Sabina (1987)
        • La Pêche
          • Wakefield
Hull-Maniwaki +1 other reference
China
 
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Ningqiang County
Lin et al. (1996)
  • Shandong
    • Linyi
      • Mengyin County
Qi Lu et al. (2007)
  • Tibet
    • Nyingtri Prefecture (Linzhi Prefecture)
      • Mêdog Co. (Motuo Co.)
Liu
Yan Liu et al. (1997)
Czech Republic
 
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Litoměřice District
      • Třebenice
Houzar et al. (2008)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Třebíč District
Houzar S.: Spinel z Číhalína a Nové ...
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Nové Město na Moravě
Novák
Finland
 
  • Kainuu
    • Kuhmo
      • Näätäniemi
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
  • North Savo
O´Brien
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
Dubru. M (1986)
Greenland
 
  • Sermersooq
    • Nuuk
      • Qeqertarsuatsiaat area
Windley B.F. et al. (1989)
India
 
  • Meghalaya
    • East Khasi Hills District
Melluso et al. (2010)
  • Tamil Nadu
    • Theni District
Burtseva et al. (2013)
Italy
 
  • Campania
    • Naples
Pascal et al. (2008) +1 other reference
        • Mount Somma
          • Ercolano
            • San Vito
Gentile P. (1986)
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Piacenza Province
      • Coli
Gentile et al. (1986)
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Caponera et al. (2007)
  • Lombardy
    • Brescia Province
      • Niardo
Cerea et al. (2019)
    • Sondrio Province
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
AA. VV.
AA. VV.
      • Val Masino
AA. VV.
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
The Canadian Mineralogist
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Daone & Breguzzo
        • Valbona (Val Bona) & Val d'Arnò
Gardes M.L. et al. (1999)
      • Predazzo
Ferry J.M. et al. (2002)
      • Sella Giudicarie
        • Breguzzo
          • San Pietro-Breguzzo Valley
            • Malga Trivena hut
Gieré et al. (1992)
Japan
 
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Iwaki City
Nedachi et al (1984)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Miyako City
      • Kamineichi
Watanabe et al (1963) +1 other reference
Mauritania
 
  • Assaba Region
- (n.d.)
Mozambique
 
  • Nampula Province
    • Monapo District
Slobodník +6 other references
Myanmar
 
  • Mandalay Region
    • Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
Franz Neuhold & Gerald Giester (SXRD- and EDS-analysis) +1 other reference
North Korea
 
  • North Hwanghae Province
    • Suan County
      • Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong)
Resource Geology
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
Robinson et al. (2014)
  • Vestland
    • Stad
      • Selje
        • Liset
Smith et al. (1986)
Pakistan
 
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
Gordon Cressey (1986)
Paraguay
 
  • Guairá Department
Presser et al. (2014)
Russia
 
  • Aldan Shield
    • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
    • Kartalinsky District
Alekseev et al. (2007)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Lake Baikal area
Sklyarov +5 other references
Vladykin et al. (2008) +1 other reference
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Ayan-Maya district
Lennikov et al. (2004)
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Kovdorsky District
Ivanyuk et al. (2017)
Krasnova (2001)
Mikhailova et al. (2015) +2 other references
  • Sakha
Doroshkevich et al. (2022)
    • Mirninsky District
      • Daldyn
Rezvukhin +3 other references
Slovakia
 
  • Bratislava Region
    • Pezinok District
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Xhariep District Municipality
      • Kopanong Local Municipality
        • Jagersfontein
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • Limpopo
    • Mopani District Municipality
      • Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
        • Phalaborwa
Lee +1 other reference
LM et al. (2009)
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Málaga
Romero Silva JC (2003)
Romero Silva (2003) +1 other reference
      • Mijas
Colección Juan A.M. Barnestein
Romero Silva (2003) +1 other reference
      • Ojén
        • Sierra Blanca
Calvo (2009)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
      • Tajo-Salor
        • Garrovillas de Alconétar
Weibel (1955)
Sri Lanka
 
  • Sabaragamuwa Province
    • Ratnapura District
Nature (1892) +1 other reference
Nature (1892) +1 other reference
Nature (1892)
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Pajala
Denisová (2013)
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Långban Ore District
Gatedal (n.d.)
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Fort William and Ardnamurchan
        • Ballachulish
Ferry (1996)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • Monterey County
      • Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range)
        • Slates Hot Springs
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 173 +2 other references
    • Riverside County
      • Jurupa Valley
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Chino Hill
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 173. +2 other references
        • Jurupa Mountains
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 173 +5 other references
  • Massachusetts
    • Middlesex County
      • Chelmsford
Cook (1974)
  • Michigan
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Hermansville
Li +3 other references
  • Missouri
    • Dent County
Smith +1 other reference
  • New York
    • Orange County
      • Town of Warwick
Glenn Rheim
Zimbabwe
 
  • Masvingo
    • Chiredzi District
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
 
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