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Hardystonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HardystoniteHide

Formula:
Ca2Zn[Si2O7]
Colour:
Light brownish white, pale greyish-white, whitish, very pale pinkish
Lustre:
Adamantine, Resinous, Dull
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.396 - 3.443
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1899 by John E. Wolff after Hardyston Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA, locality of the Franklin orebody prior to incorporation of Franklin Borough in 1913. Hardyston Township surrounds the borough of Franklin today.
In daylight, natural hardystonite is a very non-descript massive ashen white mineral distinguished from massive calcite by a lack of cleavage and a somewhat greasy luster. (Note: Many photographers over-expose images of hardystonite to accentuate the blue fluorescent brightness. Such photos are often called "eBay blue", because deceptive sellers wish to increase their sales, but disappointed buyers feel cheated because the actual fluorescence of hardystonite is fairly dim compared with associated species such as calcite, willemite, or esperite.)




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1818
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1818:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
b489739f-51de-46ca-9561-6e9bf5358379

IMA Classification of HardystoniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca2ZnSi2O7
First published:
1899

Classification of HardystoniteHide

9.BB.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
B : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in tetrahedral [4] and greater coordination
55.4.2.2

55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
4 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with No Additional Anions with cations in [8] and lower coordination
14.7.14

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
7 : Silicates of Ba, Sr and Zn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
HdyIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HardystoniteHide

Adamantine, Resinous, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Light brownish white, pale greyish-white, whitish, very pale pinkish
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {001}; poor on {100} and {110}.
Density:
3.396 - 3.443 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HardystoniteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.672 nε = 1.661
Birefringence:
0.009
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.011
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of HardystoniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca2Zn[Si2O7]
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mn,Pb,Mg,Na

Crystallography of HardystoniteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P4 21m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.8287(16) Å, c = 5.0140(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.64
Unit Cell V:
307.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Large, rough crystals rare embedded in calcite or other matrix.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0002657HardystoniteBindi L, Bonazzi P, Rothlisberger F (2001) Hardystonite from Franklin Furnace: A natural modulated melilite American Mineralogist 86 747-75120010293
0018114HardystoniteWarren B, Trautz O (1930) The Structure of Hardystonite Ca2 Zn Si2 O7 _cod_database_code 1011252 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 75 525-52819300293
0010703HardystoniteLouisnathan S J (1969) Refinement of the crystal structure of hardystonite, Ca2ZnSi2O7 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 130 427-4371969Franklin, New Jersey, USA0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.533 Å(1)
5.016 Å(15)
4.222 Å(7)
3.911 Å(1)
3.716 Å(38)
3.500 Å(4)
3.086 Å(63)
2.871 Å(100)
2.767 Å(13)
2.508 Å(8)
2.475 Å(36)
2.423 Å(13)
2.388 Å(7)
2.314 Å(8)
2.284 Å(5)
2.2195 Å(8)
2.1711 Å(1)
2.1113 Å(1)
2.0389 Å(14)
1.9564 Å(2)
1.8985 Å(6)
1.8585 Å(11)
1.8447 Å(5)
1.8231 Å(3)
1.8079 Å(1)
1.7757 Å(12)
1.7620 Å(38)
1.7503 Å(19)
1.7316 Å(9)
1.623 Å(1)
1.6524 Å(6)
1.6413 Å(3)
1.6351 Å(1)
1.6006 Å(5)
1.5369 Å(6)
1.5343 Å(5)
1.5133 Å(3)
1.5082 Å(5)
1.4943 Å(1)
1.4671 Å(8)
1.4526 Å(1)
1.4346 Å(7)
1.4306 Å(7)
1.4073 Å(3)
1.3954 Å(7)
1.3850 Å(7)
1.3419 Å(1)
1.3333 Å(4)
1.3274 Å(1)
1.3243 Å(1)
plus 25 lines to 1.0968 Å(1)
Comments:
ICDD 35-745, 35-745a

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Type Occurrence of HardystoniteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
In banded ore, forming grains averaging about a millimeter in diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, numbers 113594, 113608.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Occurs in a metamorphosed zinc-manganese-iron silicate-oxide orebody.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for HardystoniteHide

Simplified Chinese:锌黄长石
Spanish:Hardystonita

Relationship of Hardystonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
Alumoåkermanite(CaNa)Al[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
BennesheriteBa2Fe2+[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
Ferri-gehleniteCa2Fe3+[AlSiO7]
GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
GugiaiteCa2Be[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
Hydroxylgugiaite(Ca,◻)2(Si,Be)[(Be,Si)2O5.5(OH)1.5]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
OkayamaliteCa2B[BSiO7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
329 photos of Hardystonite associated with WillemiteZn2SiO4
199 photos of Hardystonite associated with FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4
171 photos of Hardystonite associated with CalciteCaCO3
167 photos of Hardystonite associated with ClinohedriteCaZn(SiO4) · H2O
82 photos of Hardystonite associated with EsperitePbCa2Zn3(SiO4)3
36 photos of Hardystonite associated with ZinciteZnO
26 photos of Hardystonite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
18 photos of Hardystonite associated with BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
12 photos of Hardystonite associated with DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
11 photos of Hardystonite associated with GlaucochroiteCaMn2+SiO4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BB.10ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
9.BB.10CebolliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4Orth.
9.BB.10GehleniteCa2Al[AlSiO7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
9.BB.10GugiaiteCa2Be[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
9.BB.10Jeffreyite(Ca,Na)2(Be,Al)(Si2O7,HSi2O7)Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
9.BB.10OkayamaliteCa2B[BSiO7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
9.BB.10Ferri-gehleniteCa2Fe3+[AlSiO7]
9.BB.10Alumoåkermanite(CaNa)Al[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
9.BB.10Hydroxylgugiaite(Ca,◻)2(Si,Be)[(Be,Si)2O5.5(OH)1.5]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m
9.BB.15BaryliteBe2Ba(Si2O7)Orth.
9.BB.15Barylite-1OBe2Ba(Si2O7)Mon. m : Pm
9.BB.20AndrémeyeriteBaFe2+2(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BB.20BennesheriteBa2Fe2+[Si2O7]Tet. 4 2m : P4 21m

Fluorescence of HardystoniteHide

Dull persistent purple to blue (SW UV); blue (LW UV).

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
None, but a common constituent of zinc rich slags from smelting processes.

Internet Links for HardystoniteHide

References for HardystoniteHide

Localities for HardystoniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Tasmania
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
        • Zeehan mineral field
          • Tasmanian Smelting Company site
Parbhakar-Fox
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Kutná Hora
        • Vrchlice river valley
Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ...
Germany
 
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Märkischer Kreis
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
Bender et al. (1994)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Mansfeld-Südharz
      • Hettstedt
Neschen (n.d.)
      • Mansfeld
Elmar Lackner collection
Besteman
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Chihuahua Municipality
      • Avalos
Espejel-Garcia et al. (2012, December)
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Ettler et al. (2009)
Poland
 
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Świętochłowice
Puziewicz et al. (2007) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • California
    • San Bernardino County
      • Bear Valley District
        • Fawnskin (Grout)
Verbeek
  • Illinois
    • Vermilion County
      • Hegeler
Piatak et al. (2010)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Palache (1935) +1 other reference
King (n.d.)
Christopher O'Neill
King (n.d.) +1 other reference
Weissman purchased specimen
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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