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Hausmannite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HausmanniteHide

03264800014946323143493.jpg
Johann F. L. Hausmann
Formula:
Mn2+Mn3+2O4
Colour:
Brown-black
Lustre:
Resinous, Sub-Metallic, Dull
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
4.83 - 4.85
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Originally named "blättricher Schwarz-Braunstein" in 1813 by Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann, Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany (February 22, 1782, Hanover, Germany - December 26, 1859, Göttingen, Germany). Renamed by Wilhelm Haidinger in 1827 in honor of Hausmann.
Forms a series with hetaerolite.

Hausmannite has a tetragonal distorted spinel structure (due to the Jahn-Teller distortion of the Mn3+-centred polyhedron). When heated above 1473 K, a cubic high-temperature phase appears (Frenzel 1980).

Hausmannite generally forms black granular aggregates or, relatively rare, pseudo-octahedral crystals.

May be formed during high-power laser-induced degradation of ramsdellite (which, in turn, may form from its variety "groutellite").


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1832
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1832:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
c2cf37c4-6dda-4781-a112-3de40c682f8c

IMA Classification of HausmanniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of HausmanniteHide

4.BB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.7.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.18.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
HsmIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
HsmWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
HsmWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Pronunciation of HausmanniteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Debbie WoolfUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of HausmanniteHide

Resinous, Sub-Metallic, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Brown-black
Streak:
Dark reddish brown, dark brown
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
{001} nearly perfect; {112} and {011} indistinct.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.83 - 4.85 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.84 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HausmanniteHide

RI values:
nω = 2.462 nε = 2.152
Birefringence:
0.310
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.310
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm14.2%23.2%
420nm14.0%22.7%
440nm13.9%22.2%
460nm13.8%21.8%
470nm13.7%21.6%
480nm13.6%21.3%
500nm13.5%20.9%
520nm13.4%20.5%
540nm13.3%20.0%
546nm13.2%19.9%
560nm13.1%19.7%
580nm13.0%19.3%
589nm13.0%19.2%
600nm12.9%19.1%
620nm12.9%18.8%
640nm12.8%18.6%
650nm12.7%18.4%
660nm12.6%18.3%
680nm12.4%18.1%
700nm12.2%17.8%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 23.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray-white
Internal Reflections:
Deep blood-red to red-brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O = light gray-white; E = dark gray-white.
Comments:
Lamellar twinning in polished sections often visible.
Reflectivity data from Jarosch (1987).

Chemistry of HausmanniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+Mn3+2O4
Common Impurities:
Zn,Fe,Ca,Ba,Mg

Crystallography of HausmanniteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Setting:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.762 Å, c = 9.470 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.644
Unit Cell V:
314.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Pseudo-octahedral {001}; {013} usually smooth and bright, {011} often dull and striated parallel to [100]. Massive, granular.
Twinning:
Twin plane {112}, often repeated as fivelings; also lamellar.

Crystallographic forms of HausmanniteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Hausmannite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Hausmannite no.13 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0002024HausmanniteBaron V, Gutzmer J, Rundlof H, Tellgren R (1998) The influence of iron substitution on the magnetic properties of hausmannite, Mn(Fe,Mn)2O4 American Mineralogist 83 786-79319980295
0002025HausmanniteBaron V, Gutzmer J, Rundlof H, Tellgren R (1998) The influence of iron substitution on the magnetic properties of hausmannite, Mn(Fe,Mn)2O4 American Mineralogist 83 786-79319980295
0002026HausmanniteBaron V, Gutzmer J, Rundlof H, Tellgren R (1998) The influence of iron substitution on the magnetic properties of hausmannite, Mn(Fe,Mn)2O4 American Mineralogist 83 786-79319980295
0018122HausmanniteAminoff G (1926) Ueber die Kristallstruktur von Hausmannit (Mn Mn2 O4). _cod_database_code 1011262 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 64 475-49019260293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of HausmanniteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4
Epitaxy Comments:
Oriented intergrowths.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.924 Å(30)
3.089 Å(40)
2.881 Å(17)
2.768 Å(85)
2.487 Å(100)
2.463 Å(20)
2.367 Å(20)
2.037 Å(20)
1.8288 Å(7)
1.7988 Å(25)
1.7008 Å(10)
1.6405 Å(8)
1.5762 Å(25)
1.5443 Å(50)
1.5260 Å(2)
1.4721 Å(3)
1.4405 Å(20)
1.4260 Å(3)
1.3841 Å(4)
1.3823 Å(2)
1.3487 Å(6)
1.3055 Å(1)
1.2777 Å(10)
1.2431 Å(6)
1.2305 Å(5)
Comments:
ICDD 24-734 synthetic, 22 additional lines to 0.9146 with intensities 1-8; see also ICDD 18-791.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of HausmanniteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Gottingen, Germany, number GZG.MIN.4.2.23.14 (type).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Manganese ore deposit.

Synonyms of HausmanniteHide

Other Language Names for HausmanniteHide

Relationship of Hausmannite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Deltalumite(Al0.670.33)Al2O4Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Jacobsite-QMn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
SpinelMgAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.50.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2
TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
UM1994-06-O:AlCoCoAl2O4
VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
251 photos of Hausmannite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
123 photos of Hausmannite associated with CalciteCaCO3
57 photos of Hausmannite associated with BaryteBaSO4
42 photos of Hausmannite associated with DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
39 photos of Hausmannite associated with GaudefroyiteCa4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3
35 photos of Hausmannite associated with EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O
32 photos of Hausmannite associated with HematiteFe2O3
23 photos of Hausmannite associated with ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
17 photos of Hausmannite associated with RhodochrositeMnCO3
16 photos of Hausmannite associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.BB.Elgoresyite(Mg5Si2)O9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.ChenmingiteFeCr2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.ChukocheniteLiAl5O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
4.BB.GarpenbergiteMn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.MagnéliiteTi3+2Ti4+2O7Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.JianmuiteZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.05ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05Filipstadite(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4Iso.
4.BB.05FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Qandilite(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05SpinelMgAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05UlvöspinelTiFe2+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05HarmuniteCaFe2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05WernerkrauseiteCa(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05Deltalumite(Al0.670.33)Al2O4Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
4.BB.05GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
4.BB.10HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
4.BB.10Manganostibite(Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.15Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.50.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2
4.BB.20Tegengrenite(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25XieiteFe2+Cr2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.30CarmeltaziteZrAl2Ti4O11Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35FeiiteFe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40MaohokiteMgFe2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45Tschaunerite (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm

Fluorescence of HausmanniteHide

Not fluorescent in ultraviolet

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:
Non-Magnetic
Notes:
Iron rich hausmannite is anomalously magnetic (Wessels mine).
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HausmanniteHide

References for HausmanniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for HausmanniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Skikda Province
    • Azzaba District
      • Es Sebt
Seghir N. (2012)
Argentina
 
  • Chubut Province
    • Biedma Department
      • Arroyo Verde
Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005)
Hugo A. Peña (1970)
Hugo A. Peña (1970)
    • Tafí Viejo Department
      • El Cadilllal
Ávila
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Forbes Co.
      • Grenfell
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences +6 other references
    • Inglis Co.
      • Bendemeer
Brown et al. (1992)
Brown et al. (1992)
      • Danglemah
Hall (1959)
Howarth (1973)
Kawachi et al. (1994)
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Worner et al. (et al)
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Cloncurry
www.crocoite.com (2004)
    • Gympie Region
      • Amamoor Creek
Townend et al. (2019)
  • South Australia
    • Eyre Peninsula
      • Middleback Range
        • Iron Knob
Pilkington et al. (1979) +2 other references
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • North Mt Lofty Ranges
        • Barossa Valley
          • Penrice
  • Western Australia
    • East Pilbara Shire
Williams +3 other references
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Hermagor District
      • Lesachtal
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Salzburg
    • Tamsweg District
      • Tweng
Kolitsch et al. (2021)
Strasser (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Kaprun
        • Mooserboden reservoir
Strasser (1989)
Strasser (1989)
      • Uttendorf
        • Fellern
          • Ferschbach valley
Strasser (1989)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
      • Obernberg am Brenner
Kolitsch et al. (2018)
      • Trins
Kolitsch et al. (2021)
    • Lienz District
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Timmelbach valley
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
Fransolet et al. (1975) +2 other references
    • Luxembourg
      • Vielsalm
Fransolet et al. (1975) +2 other references
Bolivia
 
  • Beni
    • Itenez Province
Salomon Rivas & Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1998)
  • Santa Cruz
    • Germán Busch Province
Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)
    • Ñuflo de Chavez Province
Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
  • Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Sarajevo Canton
      • Ilijaš
Vujanovic (1962)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Urandi
Varentsov (1996)
  • Mato Grosso do Sul
    • Corumbá
      • Urucum massif
Biondi et al. (2020)
  • Minas Gerais
collection of Natural History Museum ...
Bulgaria
 
  • Smolyan Province
Dimitrov (1961)
Burkina Faso
 
  • Sahel Region
    • Oudalan Province
Hénocque et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Skeena Mining Division
      • Haida Gwaii
        • Graham Island
          • Klashwun Point
BC Minfile +1 other reference
  • Nova Scotia
    • Colchester Co.
      • Truro
Bishop et al. (1974)
    • Hants Co.
      • Cheverie
Sabina (2015) +1 other reference
Ronnie Van Dommelen collection
      • Walton
Hewett (1968)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • La Negra-Coquimbana district
Pincheira et al. (1990)
Pincheira et al. (1990)
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
      • La Serena
Oyarzun et al. (1998)
    • Limarí Province
      • Fragua district
C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)
China
 
  • Fujian
    • Longyan
      • Liancheng Co.
        • Liancheng Mn deposit
Lisheng Luo (1988)
  • Guangxi
    • Baise
      • Jingxi Co.
Ruixia Hao and Guangyue Guan (1995)
    • Chongzuo
      • Daxin Co.
Ruixia Hao and Guangyue Guan (1995) +1 other reference
  • Guizhou
    • Zunyi
      • Bozhou District
Varentsov (1996)
  • Hubei
    • Huangshi
      • Yangxin Co.
Junping Dong (1992)
    • Wuhan
      • Huangpi District
Jingqu Yao (1992)
  • Hunan
    • Xiangtan
      • Yuhu District
Xiang Gao et al. (2003)
    • Yiyang
      • Heshan District
Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) +1 other reference
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture)
      • Linxi County
        • Guandi
Baisheng Zhang (1998)
  • Jiangxi
    • Jingdezhen
      • Leping Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
  • Liaoning
    • Chaoyang
      • Chaoyang County
Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)
    • Huludao
      • Lianshan District
Yongwei Li et al. (2010)
  • Qinghai
    • Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Maqên Co.
        • Dur'ngoi Ophiolite
Duan Guolian (1991)
    • Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Qilian Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
  • Shaanxi
    • Ankang
      • Ziyang County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
    • Hanzhong
      • Xixiang County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
      • Zhenba County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
  • Sichuan
    • Dazhou
      • Wanyuan Co.
Pingyi Wan (2002)
Pingyi Wan (2002)
    • Leshan
      • Jinkouhe District
Xingfen Wang (1989) +2 other references
    • Meishan
      • Hongya County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
    • Mianyang
      • Pingwu Co.
        • Mount Little Xuebaoding
          • Huya township
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
      • Youxian District
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Heishui Co.
Shengming Lu (1988)
    • Ya'an
      • Hanyuan County
Hongjun Qu (1992) +1 other reference
Hongjun Qu (1992)
  • Xinjiang
    • Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture (Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture; Bayinguoleng Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Hejing Co. (Xejing Co.)
        • Baluntai
Jiuling Zhang (1982) +1 other reference
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Heqing County
Xingyu Yang (1989) +1 other reference
Yang Yuchun (1996) +1 other reference
    • Honghe
      • Jianshui County
Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) +1 other reference
    • Wenshan
      • Yanshan County
Wenxin Yu (1980)
Egypt
 
  • South Sinai Governorate
    • Abu Zeneima (Abu Zenima)
Manganese Reserves and Resources of the ...
    • Um Bogma area
Afify et al. (2022)
Finland
 
  • North Karelia
    • Tohmajärvi
Alviola
France
 
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Haute-Saône
      • Lure
        • Esmoulières
          • Saphoz
Wittern et al. (Cologne)
Perseil (1975)
Perseil (1975)
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
Perseil (1967)
    • Haute-Garonne
      • Saint-Gaudens
        • Boutx
Inventaire minéralogique de la France ...
    • Hautes-Pyrénées
      • Aure Valley
        • Nabias
European J. Mineralogy +1 other reference
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Prades
        • Corneilla-de-Conflent
          • Plateau d'Ambulla (Las Ambollas)
Berbain et al. (2005)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
      • Barcelonnette
        • Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye
          • Maljasset
Bourbon M. (1972)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Eisenbach
Walenta (1992)
Weiß (1990)
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Gengenbach
          • Gengenbach
Wittern (1995)
        • Oberkirch
          • Oberkirch
Walenta (1992)
        • Wolfach
Walenta (1992)
        • Zell am Harmersbach
          • Nordrach
            • Schottenhöfe
      • Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
        • Triberg im Schwarzwald
Walenta (1992)
        • Unterkirnach
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Sailauf
          • Hartkoppe
Lorenz (1991) +1 other reference
  • Hesse
    • Giessen Region
      • Giessen
        • Biebertal
          • Rodheim-Bieber
Weiß (1990)
      • Limburg-Weilburg
        • Runkel
          • Steeden
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Peine District
      • Ilsede
Weiß (1990)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Eiserfeld
Wittern (2001)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Trier-Saarburg
      • Saarburg-Kell
        • Greimerath
Aufschluß 76/2 & 88/5
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Harz
      • Oberharz am Brocken
        • Elbingerode
Lapis 2003 (2)
          • Schävenholz
Witzke (2013)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
  • Thuringia
    • Gotha District
      • Friedrichroda
        • Gottlob Hill
Mandarino (2001)
    • Ilm District
Wittern (2001)
      • Geratal
Wittern (2001)
      • Ilmenau
        • Langewiesen
HAUSMANN (1813)
    • Nordhausen District
      • Harztor
        • Ilfeld
MOHS (1824)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
Rieck et al. (2020)
          • Elaiochori
            • Dipseliza mines
Rieck et al. (2020)
  • South Aegean
    • Paros
        • Vounia Lefkon
Tombros et al. (2023)
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Vizianagaram District
Econ Geol (1980)
Econ Geol (1980)
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jabalpur Division
      • Balaghat District
Sarkar (2015)
Dasgupta et al. (1987)
      • Chhindwara District
Roy et al. (1968)
  • Maharashtra
    • Nagpur Division
      • Bhandara District
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE
Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : ...
  • Odisha
    • Rayagada District
Acharya et al. (1997)
Indonesia
 
  • Bangka-Belitung Province
    • Belitung Island (Biliton Island)
Schwartz (1990)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Saint-Marcel
Castello (1982)
  • Campania
    • Caserta
      • Gallo Matese
Boni et al. (1976) +1 other reference
    • Naples
      • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
Freda (1885) +4 other references
          • Terzigno
Luigi Chiappino data
          • Torre del Greco
Freda (1885) +1 other reference
Freda (1885) +5 other references
Freda (1885) +4 other references
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
Redazionale (2005)
Antofilli
        • Reppia
Pipino (1984)
        • Statale
//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2023.21.7 +1 other reference
    • La Spezia Province
      • Borghetto di Vara
EDX analysis
      • Rocchetta di Vara
Bracco et al. (2014)
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
        • Muretto Valley
AA. VV.
      • Lanzada
AA. VV.
Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference
  • Marche
    • Macerata Province
P. Mattias- M. Guerra (2008)
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Montaldo di Mondovì
        • Borgata Oberti
Kolitsch et al. (2011)
      • Valdieri
        • San Lorenzo
Parola (2015)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Salbertrand
Ambrino et al. (2022)
  • Tuscany
Bonifazi (2020)
    • Siena Province
      • Murlo
        • Pompana
R. Meli (1999)
Jamaica
 
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Kitashitara County
      • Shitara
Ishida et al. (2004)
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Iyo district
      • Tobe-cho
Fukuoka (1981)
M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
    • Seiyo City
      • Nomura
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Shirokawa
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Fukui Prefecture
    • Mikatakaminaka District
      • Wakasa-cho
Kato (2010)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Iwaki City
Matsubara et al. (1996)
    • Yama District
      • Nishiaizu-machi
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Gifu Prefecture
Lee (1955)
Donald E. Lee (1955)
  • Gunma Prefecture
Fukuoka (1981)
    • Kiryu City
Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003)
Matsubara Satoshi et al. (1980)
FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
      • Tsukubara mine
Nishio-Hamane et al. (2023)
    • Midori City
      • Seta
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +2 other references
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
加藤昭 (1980)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Taka District
Yamada (2004)
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Takanomine mine
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Karumai
Harada (1954)
    • Kuji City
      • Yamagata
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Fukuoka (1981)
Nambu et al. (1961)
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Noda
Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan) +1 other reference
    • Kuzumaki
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Morioka City
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shimohei District
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Yamada-machi
Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Yamada
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Oshima District
      • Setouchi-cho
Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) +1 other reference
  • Kanagawa Prefecture
    • Hadano City
Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994)
  • Kochi Prefecture
    • Agawa District
      • Ino
Stefan Wolfsried photo
    • Kami City
加藤昭 (1980)
    • Nankoku city
Minakawa et al. (2008)
M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Kyoto City
      • Kita-ku
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) +1 other reference
      • Sakyou-ku
Masutomi Museum specimens
      • Ukyou-ku
Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) +1 other reference
    • Nantan City
      • Miyama
Yamada (2004)
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Hinokage
Fukuoka (1981)
      • Takachiho
Uehara et al. (2014)
  • Nagano Prefecture
    • Kamiina District
Lee (1955) +1 other reference
Akira Kato (2011)
Akira Kato (2011)
  • Oita Prefecture
    • Tsukumi City
Alfredo Petrov collection
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Urayama
K. Nishikubo et al. (2005)
    • Hanno City
Yamada (2004)
      • Nichiden mine (Nihon Denki mine)
Kato (2012)
Kato (2010)
  • Shiga Prefecture
    • Gamo District
Yamada (2004)
    • Ritto City
Harada (1954) +2 other references
    • Takashima City
Yamada (2004)
Yamada (2004)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Numazu City
Akira Kato (2009)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
Fukuoka (1981)
Fukuoka (1981)
加藤昭 (1980)
    • Kanuma City
Akira Kato (undated manuscript)
Fukuoka (1981)
Fukuoka (1981)
University of Tokyo collection
    • Sano City
Collection of NHM
  • Tokushima Prefecture
Fukuoka et al. (1988)
  • Tokyo Metropolis
    • Nishitama district
      • Okutama-cho
加藤昭 (1980) +1 other reference
Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
Lee (1955)
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Minamikoma District
      • Minobu
        • Shimobe
...
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
    • Aktogay District
Singer et al. (2008)
  • Ulytau Region
    • Karazhal
Evseev (1995)
      • Zhayrem (Zhairem)
V.V. Kalinin data +2 other references
    • Zhanaarka District
      • Atasu Mine
Kayupova (1964)
Mauritania
 
  • Assaba Region
    • Mbout
Marsh et al. (2015)
Mexico
 
  • Coahuila
    • Sierra Mojada Municipality
      • Sierra Mojada
Mineralogical Magazine 1964 33 : 841-852
  • Durango
    • Mapimí Municipality
      • Mapimí
Thomas P. Moore (2008)
Moore et al. (2003)
Moore et al. (2003)
Thomas P. Moore (2008)
Panczner (1987)
Morocco
 
  • Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region
    • Azilal Province
Varentsov (1996)
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Tansifte Caïdat
FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006)
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Omatako Constituency
von Bezing (2007) +1 other reference
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
Criddle et al. (1990)
Nigeria
 
  • Nasarawa
    • Nasarawa Egon
Baba et al. (2013)
North Macedonia
 
  • Probistip Municipality
    • Kratovo-Zletovo ore district
Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Tokke
      • Botnedal
Westerweld (1961)
Oman
 
  • Al Batinah South Governorate
AmMin 85:242-250
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Bering Sea
Glasby et al. (2006)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Jawor County
      • Gmina Męcinka
        • Stanisławów
Lis et al. (1986)
Romania
 
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Brebu
Hârtopanu et al. (1996)
  • Harghita County
Pál Molnár (2000)
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
Hirtopanu et al. (2015)
Russia
 
  • Adygea (Republic of Adygea)
    • Maykopsky District
Pekov I.V. et al. (2010)
  • Bashkortostan
Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
    • Sibay
Brusnitsyn (2006)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Chebarkulsky District
Chukanov et al. (2021)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Yelizovsky District
Okrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Malyi Khingan Range
Varentsov (1996)
  • Khakassia (Republic of Khakassia)
    • Askizsky Rayon
      • Askiz ore district
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
  • Komi Republic
Brusnitsyn (2013)
  • Sakha
    • Aldan
A.A. Kim (2001)
    • Polar Yakutia
Econ Geol (1995)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz)
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava District
      • Čučma
Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika)
  • Nitra Region
    • Levice District
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • North West
    • Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality
      • Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality
Econ Geol (1990) +1 other reference
  • Northern Cape
    • Gamagara Ridge
      • Western Belt
Gutzmer (1996)
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Gamagara Local Municipality
Moore et al. (2011)
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
        • Black Rock
Christophe Boutry Collcetion
        • Hotazel
Wilson et al. (1978) +1 other reference
Preston (2009) +1 other reference
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Von Bezing et al. (1991)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Cairncross et al. (2013)
Von Bezing (1991) +2 other references
    • ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
Gutzmer (1996)
      • Tsantsabane Local Municipality
        • Postmasburg
Costin et al. (2016)
Costin et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Las Herrerías
Frias +2 other references
Navarro et al. (2009)
Martínez Frías et al. (1992)
    • Huelva
Jiménez-Millán et al. (1997)
  • Asturias
    • Cangas de Onís
      • Covadonga
Calvo (2009)
  • Cantabria
    • Sierra de Arnero
      • La Florida mining area
Rossi et al. (2010)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Jönköping County
    • Jönköping
      • Ödestugu
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
Igelström (1888) +2 other references
    • Lindesberg
      • Nyberget
Collection Bergsskolan (8120)
  • Värmland County
    • Arvika
      • Glava
Lundegardh (1996)
    • Filipstad
      • Långban Ore District
Natural History Museum
Gatedal (n.d.)
Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
Wiklund (2016)
Grensman (2003)
Adolfsson (1979)
Adolfsson (1979)
Nysten (2003)
+2 other references
Flink (1922)
Holtstam et al. (1999)
Gustafsson (2003)
      • Nordmark mining district
        • Finnshytteberg ore field
Magnusson (1929)
The Mineralogical Record: 32: 311. +2 other references
      • Nordmark Odal Field
Moore (1978)
Nysten (2003)
Sjögren (1891) +1 other reference
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
Nysten (1984)
Lee (1958)
  • Västra Götaland County
    • Åmål
      • Strandhem ore field
Holtstam +7 other references
    • Tibro
Sandtsröm (2002)
Switzerland
 
    • Viamala Region
      • Ferrera
        • Ausserferrera
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Rheinwald
        • Splügen
Roth et al. (2011)
  • St. Gallen
    • Sarganserland
      • Sargans
Die Mineralien der Schweiz
  • Valais
    • Leuk
      • Turtmann-Unterems
        • Turtmann Valley
          • Pipjitälli
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
    • Visp
      • Täsch
        • Täsch Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
Turkey
 
  • Burdur Province
    • Burdur
TEKER et al. (2006)
  • Denizli Province
    • Tavas
      • Ulukent
Öztürk (1997)
USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC158-C161
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Lezant
Elton et al. (2004)
    • Cumbria
      • Copeland
        • Cleator Moor
Goodchild (1875)
        • Egremont
          • Bigrigg
[Specimen in the Natural History Museum
Day (1999)
    • Devon
      • Teignbridge
        • Doddiscombsleigh
Bernie Millington Collection
    • Somerset
      • Mendip
        • Cranmore
Turner et al. (2010)
        • Nunney
Day (1999)
  • Wales
    • Bridgend
      • Porthcawl
Criddle et al. (1977)
    • Gwynedd
      • Aberdaron
        • Rhiw
Cotterell (2008)
United Arab Emirates
 
  • Emirate of Fujairah
    • Semail Ophiolite
Gnos et al. (1995)
        • Bani Hamid area
Gnos et al. (2000)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
      • Melozitna Mining District
- (2008)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Greenlee County
      • Morenci
Merritt Stephen Enders (2000)
    • Maricopa County
MRDS file #10048190. +1 other reference
      • Pikes Peak Mining District
MRDS file #10027526.
    • Pima County
      • Las Guijas & San Luis Mountains
        • Arivaca Mining District (Las Guijas Mining District)
Hewett (1972) +1 other reference
    • Santa Cruz County
      • Patagonia Mountains
        • Harshaw Mining District
          • Harshaw
            • Hardshell Gulch
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Tyndall Mining District
        • Cottonwood Canyon
          • Glove Mine group (Zombie & Zeco claims; Festiago-Franklin; Blacksmith adit)
Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references
    • Yavapai County
      • Yarnell
Melchiorre et al. (2018)
  • Arkansas
Howard (1987)
    • Independence County
Tony Nikischer
Miser (1922)
Miser (1922)
- (2005)
Miser (1922)
    • Izard County
- (2005)
Miser (1922)
Jay Ellis Ransom
    • Stone County
- (2005)
  • California
    • Humboldt County
      • Coastal Range
        • Shelter Cove
- (2005)
    • Mariposa County
      • West Belt
        • Granite Springs Mining District
          • Granite Springs
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 165. +5 other references
    • Nevada County
      • Spenceville Mining District
        • Higgins Corner
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 165 +7 other references
        • Limekiln
Huebner +7 other references
    • Placer County
      • Ophir Mining District (Auburn Mining District; Duncan Hill Mining District)
Fairbanks (1890) +1 other reference
    • Plumas County
      • Edmanton Mining District (Meadow Valley Mining District)
Miser (1920) +1 other reference
    • San Joaquin County
      • Ladd-Buckeye Mining District
        • Castle Rock
Bradley (1943) +2 other references
    • San Luis Obispo County
      • Los Osos
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +3 other references
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +5 other references
      • San Luis Obispo
        • Prefumo Canyon
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +3 other references
    • Santa Clara County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • East Foothills
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167 +7 other references
        • Sugarloaf Mountain
Dunn et al. (1986)
    • Siskiyou County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Liberty Mining District
          • Snowden
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +2 other references
    • Stanislaus County
      • Ladd-Buckeye Mining District
        • Mount Oso
Huebner +9 other references
    • Trinity County
      • Coastal Range
        • Chicago Rock
- (2005)
        • Mad River Rock
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167 +3 other references
        • Ruth
- (2005)
        • Shannon Butte
          • Armstrong property
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +2 other references
        • Three Forks
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +10 other references
        • Van Horn Peak
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 167. +2 other references
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Upper Hayfork Creek area
          • Red Mountain
Hewett et al. (1961) +2 other references
  • Colorado
    • Park County
      • South Park
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Saguache County
      • Alder Limonite Deposit (Round Hill Deposit; Miller Vein Deposit; Decker Creek Deposit)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Blake Mining District (Mirage Mining District; Cotton Creek Mining District)
- (2005)
      • Bonanza Mining District (Kerber Creek Mining District; Blake Mining District)
- (2005)
      • Crestone Mining District (Baca Grant Mining District)
- (2005)
  • Illinois
    • Cook County
      • Chicago
Roadcap et al. (2005)
  • Maine
    • Aroostook County
      • TD R2 WELS
Pavlides
Pavlides
  • Michigan
...
    • Iron County
      • Caspian
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Stambaugh
Morris Jr. (1983)
...
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Minnesota
    • St. Louis County
      • Vermilion Range
Machamer (1964)
  • Missouri
    • Madison County
      • Fredericktown Mining District
Sherwood et al. (1998)
  • Nevada
    • White Pine County
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Dunn (2) +1 other reference
Dunn (1995)
  • New Mexico
    • Socorro County
Northrop et al. (1996)
USGS Bulletion No.74 +1 other reference
Genth
  • Oklahoma
    • Coal County
      • Bromide
Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
    • Johnston County
      • Bromide
R&M 72:4 pp 252-264
  • Oregon
    • Polk County
- (2005)
  • South Dakota
    • Lawrence County
      • Spearfish
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
  • Tennessee
    • Bradley County
      • Red Hills Mining District
Travis A. Paris (2011)
    • Monroe County
      • Sweetwater Barite Mining District-Eastern Belt
Travis A. Paris (2011)
Travis A. Paris (2011)
  • Texas
    • Llano County
Smith (1991)
    • Mason County
Smith (1991)
      • Fly Gap
Smith (1991)
  • Virginia
    • Pittsylvania County
      • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba Mining District
AmMin 87:690-698 (2002)
  • Washington
    • Clallam County
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Derkey et al. (1990, November)
      • Lake Crescent Area
Derkey et al. (1990, November)
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Rocks & Min.: 17:20. +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
    • Grays Harbor County
      • Quinault Lake
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Vietnam
 
  • Cao Bằng Province
    • Quảng Hòa District
Kamitani et al. (2007)
    • Trùng Khánh District
Kamitani et al. (2007)
Kamitani et al. (2007)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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