Laitakarite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Laitakarite
Aarne Laitakari
Formula:
Bi4(Se,S)3
Previously given as Bi4Se2S.
Colour:
Galena white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
7.93
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in honor of Aarne Vihtori Laitakari (12 December 1890 Helsinki, Finland - 6 February 1975 Helsinki, Finland), geologist, professor and director general of the Geological Survey of Finland.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2313
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2313:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
66d09b5b-b639-44f2-9cd9-7bc54904ba1e
IMA Classification of Laitakarite
Approved
First published:
1959
Type description reference:
Classification of Laitakarite
2.DC.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2.6.2.4
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
2 : SULFIDES
6 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 4:3
3.7.22
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ltk | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ltk | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Laitakarite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
With a high metallic lustre.
Colour:
Galena white
Comment:
Old surfaces are lead grey.
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Density:
7.93 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
Value represent the average of six determinations with a range of ± 0.08
Optical Data of Laitakarite
Anisotropism:
Moderate, pale brown to dark gray
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 50.6% | 53.8% |
| 420nm | 50.4% | 54.0% |
| 440nm | 50.2% | 54.2% |
| 460nm | 50.1% | 54.5% |
| 480nm | 49.9% | 54.6% |
| 500nm | 49.8% | 54.6% |
| 520nm | 49.4% | 54.6% |
| 540nm | 49.1% | 54.6% |
| 560nm | 48.8% | 54.6% |
| 580nm | 48.5% | 54.6% |
| 600nm | 48.2% | 54.5% |
| 620nm | 47.9% | 54.4% |
| 640nm | 47.6% | 54.0% |
| 660nm | 47.2% | 53.5% |
| 680nm | 46.5% | 52.9% |
| 700nm | 45.9% | 52.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 54.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Galena-white
Chemistry of Laitakarite
Mindat Formula:
Bi4(Se,S)3
Previously given as Bi4Se2S.
Previously given as Bi4Se2S.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Pb,Ag,Cu,Zn
Crystallography of Laitakarite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.22 Å, c = 39.93 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 9.462
Unit Cell V:
615.82 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Grains, size: 0.5-2 mm (TL, OrijÀrvi), may be graphically intergrown with fine-grained chalcopyrite.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012737 | Laitakarite | Stasova M M (1968) The crystal structure of bismuthum selenide Bi4Se3 Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR 4 28-31 | 1968 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.072 Ă | (100) |
| 2.246 Ă | (80) |
| 2.112 Ă | (80) |
| 1.741 Ă | (70) |
| 4.425 Ă | (60) |
| 3.586 Ă | (60) |
| 1.538 Ă | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-đ alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Laitakarite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As grains in thin < 2mm large ore-bearing veinlets.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Quartz-anthophyllite-cordierite rock.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Vorma, A. (1959) Laitakariitti Uusi Bi-Se-mineraali OrijÀrveltÀ. Geologi: 11(2): 11-11.
Synonyms of Laitakarite
Other Language Names for Laitakarite
German:Laitakarit
Japanese:ă©ă€ăżă«ăȘé±
Russian:ĐĐ°ĐčŃĐ°ĐșĐ°ŃĐžŃ
Simplified Chinese:祫çĄéçż
Spanish:Laitakarita
Relationship of Laitakarite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DC.05 | Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Ikunolite | Bi4S3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
| 2.DC.05 | Kawazulite | Bi2Te2Se |
| 2.DC.05 | Nevskite | Bi(Se,S) |
| 2.DC.05 | Paraguanajuatite | Bi2Se3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S |
| 2.DC.05 | Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| 2.DC.05 | Tsumoite | BiTe |
| 2.DC.05 | Baksanite | Bi6Te2S3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-C | Bi16Te3S9 |
| 2.DC.05 | Protojoséite | Bi3(Te,S)2 |
| 2.DC.05 | SztrĂłkayite | Bi3TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Vihorlatite | Bi24Se17Te4 |
| 2.DC.05 | Telluronevskite | Bi3TeSe2 |
| 2.DC.05 | UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe | PbBi3S2Te |
| 2.DC.05 | Hitachiite | Pb5Bi2Te2S6 |
| 2.DC.05 | Ehrigite | Bi8Te3 |
| 2.DC.15 | Castaingite | CuMo2S5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Laitakarite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2313.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Laitakarite
Reference List:
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Pringle, G. J., Thorpe, R. I. (1980) Bohdanowiczite, junoite and laitakarite from the Kidd Creek mine, Timmins, Ontario. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18 (3) 353-360
Bayliss, Peter (1991) Crystal chemistry and crystallography of some minerals in the tetradymite group. American Mineralogist, 76 (1-2) 257-265
Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., Stanley, C. J. (2007) Minerals of the system BiâTeâSeâS related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (4) 665-708 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.665
Localities for Laitakarite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Arbon (2011) |
| Kalleske (2010) |
Bolivia | |
| Franco (2018) |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
Bulgaria | |
| Kerestedjian (1997) |
Canada | |
| Pringle et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Boucher (2011) |
China | |
| Minzhi Yang (2006) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora J. et al. (2006) |
Ethiopia | |
| A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile) |
Finland (TL) | |
| Vorma (1959) +2 other references |
Germany | |
| Koch et al. (2018) |
Japan | |
| - (Kato, A. ) +1 other reference |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| - (Kikuchi et al ) |
Morocco | |
| Ilmen et al. (2015) |
| Belkabir et al. (2008) |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Serafimovski et al. (2016) | |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Foltyn et al. (2020) |
Portugal | |
| Gaspar (2002) |
Romania | |
| Ciobanu et al. (2006) |
Russia | |
| Galuskin (2007) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| V. I. Ivashchenko et al. (2007) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
Slovakia | |
| Ragan et al. (CuPbSbBi a AgPbBiSb) |
| Martin Ć tevko-unpublished |
| PrĆĄek et al. (2008) |
Spain | |
| Tornos et al. (1998) |
| Gouanvic (1985) |
Sweden | |
| Mumme (1980) +1 other reference |
| Jonsson (1993) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Brugger et al. (2003) |
UK | |
| Stanley et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Kovalenker (2003) |
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Falun mine, Falun, Dalarna County, Sweden