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Palladium

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Palladium (7)

Palladium Gallery Search Photos of Palladium

Edit Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Palladium

Brazil

Palladium

Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palladium, etc.

Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palladium

Brazil

Palladium

Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palladium, etc.

Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palladium

Brazil

Palladium

Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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About PalladiumHide

2 Pallas

2 Pallas, Main Belt Asteroids, Outer Space

Formula:

(Pd,Pt)

Colour:

Whitish steel-gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½ - 5

Specific Gravity:

11.9

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

William Hyde Wollaston named the element in 1802 after the asteroid Pallas 2 (which had been discovered two months earlier), which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Platinum Group. Gold-Palladium Series, Palladium-Silver Series and Palladium-Platinum Series.

Natural Palladium always contains some Platinum.

(Pd,Cu) alloys, some with the approximate composition PdCu₄, are reported by Kapsiotis et al. (2010).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3067

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3067:6

GUID
(UUID V4):

537143c5-b9d4-4fa5-adc5-8e43ab9efde3

IMA Classification of PalladiumHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Classification of PalladiumHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

1.AF.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
F : Platinum group elements

Dana 7th ed.:

1.2.1.4

Dana 8th ed.:

1.2.1.4

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.66

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Pd	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Pd	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of PalladiumHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of PalladiumHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Whitish steel-gray

Hardness:

4½ - 5 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Malleable

Density:

11.9 g/cm³ (Measured) 12.04 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PalladiumHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R
400nm	60.6%
420nm	62.0%
440nm	63.4%
460nm	64.6%
480nm	65.6%
500nm	66.4%
520nm	67.2%
540nm	67.8%
560nm	68.3%
580nm	68.9%
600nm	69.5%
620nm	70.2%
640nm	70.9%
660nm	71.7%
680nm	72.5%
700nm	73.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 73.4%.

Colour in reflected light:

Whitish steel-gray

Chemistry of PalladiumHide

Mindat Formula:

(Pd,Pt)

Elements listed:

Pd, Pt - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Pt,Ir,Pb,Sn,Bi,Sb,Hg

Crystallography of PalladiumHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.8898 Å

Unit Cell V:

58.85 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0011155	Palladium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		293
0014146	Palladium	Ellner M (1981) Zusammenhang zwischen strukturellen und thermodynamischen eigenschaften bei phasen der kupferfamilie in T10-B4-systemen Journal of the Less-Common Metals 78 21-32	1981		293
0014952	Palladium	Owen E A, Yates E L (1933) Precision measurements of crystal parameters Philosophical Magazine 15 472-488	1933	synthetic	291
0018003	Palladium	Hull A (1921) X-ray crystal analysis of 13 common metals _cod_database_code 1011108 Physical Review 17 571-587	1921		293
0018005	Palladium	McKeehan L (1923) Crystal structures in the system Pd-H2 _cod_database_code 1011110 Physical Review 21 334-342	1923		293
0015125	Palladium	Davey W P (1925) Lattice constants of twelve common metals Physical Review 25 753-761	1925	synthetic	293
0018007	Palladium	Davey W (1925) Precission measurements of the lattice constants of 12 common metals _cod_database_code 1011112 Physical Review 25 753-761	1925		293
0018001	Palladium	Barth T, Lunde G (1926) Die Gitterkonstanten des Platinmetalle, Silber und Gold _cod_database_code 1011106 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 121 78-102	1926		293
0017999	Palladium	Bredig G, Allolio R (1927) Roentgenuntersuchungen an katalytisch wirkenden Metallen _cod_database_code 1011104 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 126 41-71	1927		293
0018000	Palladium	Bredig G, Allolio R (1927) Roegenuntersuchungen an katalytisch wirkenden Metallen _cod_database_code 1011105 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 126 41-71	1927		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

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_chemical_name_mineral 'Palladium'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wyckoff R W G'
_journal_name_full 'Crystal Structures'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 7
_journal_page_last 83
_publ_section_title
;
 Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York
 Cubic closest packed, ccp, structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011155
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pd'
_cell_length_a 3.8898
_cell_length_b 3.8898
_cell_length_c 3.8898
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 58.855
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     12.010
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Pd   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.259 Å	(100)
1.184 Å	(60)
1.957 Å	(50)
1.387 Å	(40)
1.132 Å	(20)
0.9824 Å	(10)
0.9019 Å	(4b)

Comments:

Potaro River, Guyana.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites

Type Occurrence of PalladiumHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Córrego Bom Sucesso placers, Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Synonyms of PalladiumHide

Native Palladium

Platinum-Group Elements (in part)

Other Language Names for PalladiumHide

Afrikaans:Palladium

Arabic:بالاديوم

Armenian:Պալադիում

Basque:Paladio

Belarusian:Паладый

Bengali:প্যালাডিয়াম

Bosnian:Paladijum

Bulgarian:Паладий

Catalan:Pal·ladi

Corsican:Palladiu

Croatian:Paladij

Czech:Palladium

Danish:Palladium

Dutch:Palladium

Esperanto:Paladio

Estonian:Pallaadium

Finnish:Palladium

French:Palladium

Friulian:Paladi

Galician:Paladio

German:Palladium
Gediegen Palladium

Greek:Παλλάδιο

Haitian:Paladyòm

Hebrew:פלדיום

Hindi:पलाडियम

Hungarian:Palládium

Icelandic:Palladín

Ido:Paladio

Indonesian:Paladium

Italian:Palladio

Japanese:パラジウム

Javanese:Paladium

Kannada:ಪಲ್ಲಾಡಿಯಮ್

Korean:팔라듐

Kurdish (Latin Script):Palladyûm

Latin:Palladium

Latvian:Pallādijs

Lithuanian:Paladis

Lojban:Jinmrpaladi

Luxembourgish:Palladium

Malayalam:പലേഡിയം

Manx:Pallaadjum

Marathi:पॅलॅडियम

Norwegian:Palladium

Norwegian (Nynorsk):Palladium

Occitan:Palladi

Polish:Pallad

Portuguese:Paládio

Romanian:Paladiu

Russian:Палладий

Serbian:Паладијум

Serbo-Croatian:Paladijum

Sicilian:Palladiu

Simplified Chinese:自然钯

Slovak:Paládium

Slovenian:Paladij

Spanish:Paladio

Swahili:Paladi

Swedish:Palladium

Tamil:பலேடியம்

Thai:แพลเลเดียม

Turkish:Paladyum

Ukrainian:Паладій

Uzbek (Latin Script):Palladiy

Vietnamese:Paladi

Varieties of PalladiumHide

Platinum-bearing Palladium

A variety of palladium containing a higher than usual percentage of platinum, up to 50% Pt.

Relationship of Palladium to other SpeciesHide

Forms a series with:

Silver	Palladium-Silver Series
Gold	Gold-Palladium Series
Platinum	Palladium-Platinum Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

6 photos of Palladium associated with Platinum	Pt
5 photos of Palladium associated with Gold	Au
3 photos of Palladium associated with Potarite	PdHg
2 photos of Palladium associated with Limonite
1 photo of Palladium associated with Silver	Ag

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AF.05	Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.05	Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.05	Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AF.10	Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AF.10	Platinum	Pt	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AF.10	Rhodium	(Rh,Pt)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Catalyst

Internet Links for PalladiumHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3067.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Palladium on Webmineral

Look for Palladium on Wikipedia

Look for Palladium on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

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References for PalladiumHide

Reference List:

McKeehan (1922) Physical Review, a Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics: 20: 424.

Holgersson, Sedström (1924) Annalen der Physik: 75: 143.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.109-110

Cabri, L.J., Chen, T.T., Stewart, J.M., Laflamme, J.H.G. (1976) Two new palladium-arsenic-bismuth minerals from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Canadian Mineralogist: 14: 410-413.

Fleet, M.E., De Almeida, C.M., Angeli, N. (2002) Botryoidal platinum, palladium and potarite from the Bom Sucesso stream, Minas Gerais, Brazil: compositional zoning and origin. The Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 341-355.

Kapsiotis, A., Grammatikopoulos, T.A., Tsikouras, B., Hatzipanagiotou, K. (2010) Platinum-Group Mineral Characterization in Concentrates from High-Grade PGE Al-rich Chromitites of Korydallos Area in the Pindos Ophiolite Complex (NW Greece). Resource Geology: 60: 178-191.

Bindi, L., Zaccarini, F., Garuti, G., Angeli, N. (2013) The solid solution between platinum and palladium in nature. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (3) 269-274 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.3.04

(2023) Palladium. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for PalladiumHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Fitzroy Co. Lowanna ⓘ Little Nymboida River (LittleNymboida alluvials) ?	Alan Melbourne pers comm
Northern Territory West Arnhem Region South Alligator River ⓘ Coronation Hill	Carlo Tortorella +3 other references
ⓘ Palette Mine	Crohn (1968)
Tasmania West Coast municipality Zeehan mining district North Dundas ⓘ Serpentine Hill	G. A. Albertson Data
ⓘ Unnamed Pd locality	G. A. Albertson Data
Western Australia City of Karratha Karratha ⓘ Munni Munni Complex	Barnes
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Ora Banda Goldfield ⓘ Ora Banda PGE occurrence	Butt et al. (2003)

Austria
Styria Liezen District Landl Gams bei Hieflau ⓘ Gams stratigraphic sections	Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference

Brazil
Minas Gerais Barão de Cocais ⓘ Gongo Soco mine	MinMag 67:453-463 +1 other reference
Itabira ⓘ Cauê mine	Canadian Mineralogist 34:547-557 +1 other reference
ⓘ Conceição mine	Thorman et al. (2001)
ⓘ Morro do Pilar	Cornejo et al. (2009)
Serro ⓘ Córrego Bom Sucesso placers (TL)	Canadian Mineralogist +4 other references
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40 +2 other references

Bulgaria
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo	Atanasov (1990)

Canada
British Columbia Cariboo Mining Division Likely ⓘ Bullion Pit	BC Government Mining Report - 1918
Ontario Nipissing District ⓘ Strathy Township	Moorhouse W. W. (1942)
Thunder Bay District Coldwell complex ⓘ Marathon deposit	Mcdonald et al. (2015)

China
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Danba Co. Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE ore field ⓘ Yangliuping Cu-Ni-PGE deposit	Xiaoqiang Hu et al. (2001)
Tibet Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai et al. (2004)
Xinjiang Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture) Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.) ⓘ Kalatongke Mine (Kalatunk Mine; Karatungk Mine)	Minqing Cheng et al. (1993)

DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kambove Territory Shinkolobwe ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine	Gauthier et al. (1989)
Lualaba Mutshatsha Kolwezi ⓘ Musonoi Mine	Wilson (2018)

Ecuador
Carchi Province Awa Indian Preserve ⓘ Camumbi River gold placer	Barron et al. (2024)

Greece
Thessaly Trikala Meteora ⓘ Korydallos area	Argyrios Kapsiotis et al. (2010)

Norway
Troms og Finnmark Porsanger ⓘ Karenhaugen PGE Deposit	Nilsson et al. (1998)

Oman
Al Buraimi Governorate Northern Oman Ophiolite ⓘ Wadi Hilti	Ahmed et al. (2003)

Pacific Ocean
ⓘ Sea of Japan	Astakhova (2008, October)
ⓘ Galagan Rise	Astakhova (2008, October)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Głogów County Gmina Jerzmanowa Bądzów ⓘ SW-1'Jan Wyżykowski' shaft	Jadwiga PIECZONKA et al. (2008)
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
ⓘ Lubin County	Kucha H.
ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie ⓘ Szklary	Sachanbiński et al. 2000: Heavy ...

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Verkhny Ufaley Ufaley District (Ufalei District) ⓘ Ufalei Ni deposit	Talovina et al. (2003)
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Plosky Tolbachik Volcano ⓘ 2012-2013 Fissure Tolbachik Eruption site	Zelenski et al. (2020)
Khabarovsk Krai Ayan-Maya district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Lennikov et al. (2004)
Komi Republic Kozhim River Basin Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range) ⓘ Chudnoe Pd-Au deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau ⓘ Noril'sk	- (2014) +1 other reference
ⓘ Maslovsky deposit	Krivolutskaya et al. (2011)
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine
Murmansk Oblast Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) ⓘ Fedorova Tundra block	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ FT-1 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ FT-2 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ Southern PGE Reef	Groshev +7 other references
Monche tundra intrusion ⓘ Loypishnyun deposit	Chashchin et al. (2018)
Primorsky Krai Ol’ga ore district ⓘ Shirokaya Pad	Kazachenko et al. (2008, August)
ⓘ Sikhote-Alin Mountains	Volokhin et al. (2016)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Prigorodny District ⓘ Soloveva Mountain	Johan (2006)
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District Kodar–Udokan ore district Udokan ⓘ Pravo-Ingamakitsk Cu deposit ?	Gongalsky et al. (2007)

South Africa
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Madibeng Local Municipality Mooinooi ⓘ Mooinooi Mine	www.sylvaniaplatinum.com (2014)
Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg platinum mines	www.platmin.com (2012)
ⓘ North Mine	www.platmin.com (2012)
ⓘ South Mine	www.platmin.com (2012)
ⓘ Zanspruit Farm	www.platmin.com (2012)
Rustenburg Local Municipality Marikana ⓘ Lonmin Marikana Mine	www.lonmin.com (2014)
ⓘ Marikana Mine	aquariusplatinum.com (n.d.)
Rustenburg Frischgewaagd Farm ⓘ Bakubung Mine	www.wesizwe.com (2013)
ⓘ Impala Platinum mines	www.implats.co.za (2011)

Spain

Catalonia Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vimbodí i Poblet ⓘ Bosc de Poblet	C. Canet et al.

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij et al. (2016)

Turkey
Denizli Province ⓘ Elmaslar Chromite Deposit	Akbulut et al. (2010)
Hatay Province Arsuz ⓘ Kizildag ophiolite	Kozlu et al. (2010)

USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area Goodnews Bay ⓘ Salmon River - Red Mountain District	...
Haines ⓘ Klukwan Fan Prospect	- (2008)
ⓘ Klukwan Prospect	- (2008)
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Innoko Mining District ⓘ Colorado Creek Mine	- (2008)
California Nevada County North San Juan Mining District North San Juan ⓘ Yuba River placers	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +2 other references
Shasta County Redding Mining District Redding ⓘ Sacramento River	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 43. +2 other references
Yuba County Hammonton Mining District (Yuba River Mining District) Hammonton ⓘ Yuba River placers (Yuba Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 45. +2 other references
Colorado La Plata County La Plata Mining District (California Mining District) La Plata ⓘ Copper Hill Mine (Gold Eagle; Delaware Claims) ?	Eckel et al. (1997)
Maryland Montgomery County Rockville ⓘ Hunting Hill Quarry ?	Bernstein (1980)
Montana Ravalli County Mineral Point Mining District ⓘ Unknown Iron Occurrence (MRDS - 10010266)	- (2005)
ⓘ Stillwater Complex	Canadian Mineralogist (1975)
Stillwater County ⓘ Stillwater Mine	Gobla (2012)
Nevada Clark County Spring Mountains Goodsprings Mining District ⓘ Boss Mine	USGS PP 162] +1 other reference
Virgin Mountains Bunkerville Mining District Whitney Pocket Basin ⓘ Key West Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
North Carolina ⓘ Burke County	Genth +1 other reference
Jackson County Webster-Balsam ⓘ Webster-Addie ultramafic ring dike ?	Edwin H.Bentzen III (1971)
ⓘ Rutherford County	Genth (1891)
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township ?	Smith and Barnes (2011)
Utah Salt Lake County Bingham Mining District ⓘ Bingham Canyon Mine	James R. Wilson (1995)

Palladium

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