Realgar
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Douglas Merson
About Realgar
Formula:
As4S4
Colour:
Dark red to orange-red
Lustre:
Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
3.56
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
From Arabic "rahj al-gahr", powder of the mine. Known as a mineral pigment in Byzantium (essentially Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula) at least by the beginning of the thirteenth century and presumably having a name by that time. An old realgar locality on the Balkan Peninsula is found at Allchar, Republic of Macedonia.
Alters to pararealgar on exposure to light.
Visually similar to sarabauite and other red arsenic-sulphur minerals.
Visually similar to sarabauite and other red arsenic-sulphur minerals.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Realgar.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3375
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3375:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
decbdebf-d464-41b5-93e3-597362da6d5d
IMA Classification of Realgar
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
AsS
Type description reference:
Classification of Realgar
2.FA.15a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
A : With As, (Sb), S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
A : With As, (Sb), S
2.8.21.1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.7.4
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Rlg | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Rlg | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185β187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Rgr | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Realgar
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Realgar
Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Dark red to orange-red
Streak:
Orange-red to red
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {010}, less good on {100}, {101}, {120}, {110}
Good on {010}, less good on {100}, {101}, {120}, {110}
Density:
3.56 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.59 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Realgar
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.538 nβ = 2.684 nγ = 2.704
2V:
Measured: 40° , Calculated: 38°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.166
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Anisotropism:
Strong.
Dispersion:
Relatively strong.
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 29.9% |
420nm | 28.6% |
440nm | 27.4% |
460nm | 26.3% |
480nm | 25.2% |
500nm | 24.2% |
520nm | 23.3% |
540nm | 22.4% |
560nm | 21.7% |
580nm | 21.1% |
600nm | 20.6% |
620nm | 20.3% |
640nm | 20.0% |
660nm | 19.7% |
680nm | 19.5% |
700nm | 19.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 29.9%.
Colour in reflected light:
Gray white.
Internal Reflections:
Yellow to red.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Nearly colourless to pale golden yellow.
Chemistry of Realgar
Mindat Formula:
As4S4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Realgar
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.325(3) Å, b = 13.571(5) Å, c = 6.587(3) Å
β = 106.43°
β = 106.43°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.687 : 1 : 0.485
Unit Cell V:
799.54 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Prismatic
Twinning:
Contact twins on {100}
Comment:
Space Group: P21/n.
Crystallographic forms of Realgar
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0003933 | Realgar | Kyono A, Kimata M, Hatta T (2005) Light-induced degradation dynamics in realgar: in situ structural investigation using single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy American Mineralogist 90 1563-1570 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003934 | Realgar | Kyono A, Kimata M, Hatta T (2005) Light-induced degradation dynamics in realgar: in situ structural investigation using single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy American Mineralogist 90 1563-1570 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003935 | Realgar | Kyono A, Kimata M, Hatta T (2005) Light-induced degradation dynamics in realgar: in situ structural investigation using single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy American Mineralogist 90 1563-1570 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003936 | Realgar | Kyono A, Kimata M, Hatta T (2005) Light-induced degradation dynamics in realgar: in situ structural investigation using single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy American Mineralogist 90 1563-1570 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
0003937 | Realgar | Kyono A, Kimata M, Hatta T (2005) Light-induced degradation dynamics in realgar: in situ structural investigation using single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy American Mineralogist 90 1563-1570 | 2005 | 0 | 293 | ||
0004856 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004857 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004858 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004859 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004860 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004861 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004862 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004863 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004864 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004865 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004866 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004867 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004868 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004869 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004870 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004871 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004872 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004873 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004874 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004877 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004882 | Realgar | Kyono A (2009) Molecular conformation and anion configuration variations for As4S4 and As4Se4 in an anion-substituted solid solution American Mineralogist 94 451-460 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0009149 | Realgar | Ito T, Morimoto N, Sadanaga R (1952) The crystal structure of realgar Acta Crystallographica 5 775-782 | 1952 | Saimoko, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
0010732 | Realgar | Mullen D J E, Nowacki W (1972) Refinement of the crystal structures of realgar, AsS and orpiment, As2S3 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 136 48-65 | 1972 | Lengenbach quarry, Binnatal, Switzerland | 0 | 293 | |
0011671 | Realgar | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-237 | 1963 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.40 Γ | (100) |
3.19 Γ | (90) |
2.94 Γ | (80) |
2.73 Γ | (80) |
1.859 Γ | (60) |
2.49 Γ | (50) |
2.14 Γ | (50) |
Comments:
Allchar, Macedonia.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earthβs earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
Stage 3b: Earthβs earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals | |
Near-surface Processes | |
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
High-π alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Synonyms of Realgar
Other Language Names for Realgar
Catalan:Realgar
Czech:Realgar
Dutch:Realgaar
French:RΓ©algar
Arsenic Rouge
Arsenic Rouge
Hungarian:RealgΓ‘r
Italian:Realgar
Japanese:ιΆε η³
Lithuanian:Realgaras
Low Saxon/Low German:Realgar
Polish:Realgar
Portuguese:Realgar
Romanian:Realgar
Russian:Π Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ
Simplified Chinese:ιι»
Slovak:RealgΓ‘r
Spanish:Rejalgar
Eolita
Realgarita
Eolita
Realgarita
Swedish:Realgar
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
538 photos of Realgar associated with Orpiment | As2S3 |
358 photos of Realgar associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
254 photos of Realgar associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
182 photos of Realgar associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
181 photos of Realgar associated with Arsenic | As |
168 photos of Realgar associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
153 photos of Realgar associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
103 photos of Realgar associated with Pararealgar | As4S4 |
100 photos of Realgar associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
79 photos of Realgar associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.FA. | Anorpiment | As2S3 |
2.FA. | Bonazziite | As4S4 |
2.FA. | Paradimorphite | As4S3 |
2.FA.05 | Duranusite | As4S |
2.FA.10 | Dimorphite | As4S3 |
2.FA.15b | Pararealgar | As4S4 |
2.FA.15d | UM1970-18-S:As | As4S4 |
2.FA.20 | AlacrΓ‘nite | As8S9 |
2.FA.25 | Uzonite | As4S5 |
2.FA.30 | Laphamite | As2Se3 |
2.FA.30 | Orpiment | As2S3 |
2.FA.35 | Getchellite | AsSbS3 |
2.FA.40 | Wakabayashilite | [(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5] |
2.FA.40 | Kalgoorlieite | As2Te3 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube, it melts, volatilizes, and gives a transparent red sublimate. Heating slowly in an open tube, it gives sulphurous fumes and a white crystalline sublimate.
Notes:
Soluble in caustic alkalies.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Decomposes to orange pararealgar with exposure to light.
Health Risks:
Contains arsenic - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.
Internet Links for Realgar
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3375.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Realgar
Reference List:
Buerger, M.J. (1935). The unit cell and space group of realgar. American Mineralogist, 20(1), 36-43.
Ito, T., Morimoto, N., Sadanaga, R. (1952) The crystal structure of realgar. Acta Crystallographica, 5 (6) 775-782 doi:10.1107/s0365110x52002112
Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.477
Localities for Realgar
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Albania | |
| inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogist (April 2003) +1 other reference |
inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogist (April 2003) +1 other reference | |
inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogist (April 2003) +1 other reference | |
inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogist (April 2003) +1 other reference | |
inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogis t (April 2003) +1 other reference | |
| inferences on processes of formation. The Canadian Mineralogist (April 2003) +1 other reference |
Argentina | |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) |
Florencia Marquez-Zavalia et al. (1999) | |
| A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +2 other references |
| A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +1 other reference |
A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +1 other reference | |
A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +2 other references | |
| YAMANA GOLD INC. ANNUAL INFORMATION ... |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
Armenia | |
| Kukulyan (1988) |
Australia | |
| Adam McKinnon pers comm |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
Gilligan et al. (1992) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Simpson (1948) |
Simpson (1948) +1 other reference | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Simpson (1948) | |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 9:184-189 (1950) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| H. Meixner: Carinthia II 165./85.:22 (1975) |
Schnorrer (2000) | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
A.Pichler (2003) | |
A.Pichler (2003) | |
A.Pichler (2003) | |
| Carinthia II (2013) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Meixner (1950) |
C.Auer (2013) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kirchner (2000) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Habel (2005) |
E. Fugger: "Die Mineralien des Herzogthumes Salzburg" (1878) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| C.Auer (2005) |
Christian Auer | |
| K.A.Redlich (1908) |
| Meixner (1954) |
| www.vstm.at (n.d.) |
| Postl et al. (2006) |
- (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Bojar et al. (1994) |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| Strasser (2006) |
| SpΓΆtl (1989) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
Arlt et al. (1994) | |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
| Resch (1958) +1 other reference |
| Exel (1982) |
Belgium | |
| Dejonghe et al. (1993) |
Bolivia | |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1955) |
| Econ Geol (1993) +2 other references |
| Min Rec (2006) |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975. |
Bentz et al. (2017) | |
Arce Burgoa | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Ivan JurkoviΔ et al. (1999) |
| BariΔ et al. (1948.-1950.) +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| - (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Cook (2005) |
| www.mgu.bg (2021) |
Canada | |
| MINFILE Number: 092O 051 |
| MINFILE NUMBER: 104B 008 +2 other references |
| Can Min (1980) |
minfile.gov.bc.ca (2012) | |
| BC Minfile data +1 other reference |
| MINFILE No 092F 117. +1 other reference |
| correspondance with Giles Peatfied |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| MINFILE No 092GNW003 |
Econ Geol (1980) | |
| |
| Hudgins (1967) |
| Walker et al. (2009) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Trail +1 other reference |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +2 other references |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references |
Ontario MDI Number: MDI42C12NW00002 +1 other reference | |
Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 ... +3 other references | |
Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference | |
| R. Mielke & M. Wilson Collection |
| Evans 1903 |
| Mine Development Associates (2018) |
Kovacs et al. (2014) | |
| Tyrrell & Graham (1913) +1 other reference |
Sabina (1992) | |
Chile | |
| TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGΓSTER ... |
| Samples analysed by Tony Kampf of LAC ... |
| GrΓΆpper et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Oviedo et al. (1991) |
| Maksaev et al. (2007) |
Thompson et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Maurizio Dini collection | |
| Sernageomin database 2005 +1 other reference |
| "CuadrΓ‘ngulo Quebrada Paipote" +3 other references |
"CuadrΓ‘ngulo Los Loros" +3 other references | |
RWMW specimen | |
| Popova et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Maksaev et al. (2007) |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| A.GutiΓ©rrez S +2 other references |
China | |
| Huihuang Zhang et al. (2002) |
| Mingan Wu (2007) |
| Chuanzhi Luo (1991) |
| Chuanzhi Luo (1991) |
| Shenghao Yan et al. (2000) |
Guanghong Wang et al. (2009) | |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
Chuanzhi Luo (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Rongsheng Yang et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Xiaodong Mao et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Lin Niu (1994) |
Gao et al. (2021) +1 other reference | |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Gao et al. (2021) +3 other references |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Shihua Qi et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
Jian Liu et al. (2008) | |
| Baogui Zhang (1985) |
Ottens (2007) | |
| Jiaming Tan (1988) |
| Qian Wang et al. (2002) |
| Min et al. (2023) |
| Guanqing Lu (1994) |
Dezhong Zhou et al. (1982) | |
| Yongke Chen et al. (2004) |
| Yan et al. (2022) |
| Lin Ye et al. (2004) |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) |
| Wenhui Qiu (1985) |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
brightrich.com (2009) | |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Wei +5 other references |
| Chen et al. (2021) |
| Tangfuo Xiao et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Jianzhong Liu et al. (2010) | |
Gu et al. (2023) +3 other references | |
| Dahlkamp et al. (2009) |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
Tan et al. (2019) | |
Hu et al. (2017) | |
Wenchao Su et al. (2007) +3 other references | |
Dafu Xiu (2000) +5 other references | |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) +1 other reference |
| Yonghong Zhu et al. (2012) |
| Debao Mao et al. (2002) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
| Shangquan Wu (1984) +3 other references |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) +1 other reference |
| Zichao Zhao (1987) |
| Zichao Zhao (1985) |
| Jingqu Yao (1981) |
| Han et al. (2020) |
Han et al. (2020) | |
Fangshi Zhen et al. (2008) | |
Liangshui Zhong (1991) +3 other references | |
Guanglong Shu et al. (2007) | |
Guanglong Shu et al. (2007) | |
| Songsheng Li (1993) +2 other references |
| Jingrong Zhang et al. (1993) +2 other references |
| Yansong Tan (1980) +2 other references |
| Zheng et al. (2022) |
| Chen Lichang et al. (1994) |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Shaoxiang Yang and Ketong Lao (2007) |
National Geological Archives of China ... | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
National Geological Archives of China ... | |
National Geological Archives of China ... | |
National Geological Archives of China ... | |
| Shoufu Wu (1983) |
| Hart et al. (2002) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) +1 other reference |
| Xilin Liu (1991) |
| Jiaxiu Wei et al. (2002) |
| Shuhuan Hou and Jianjun Jiang (2005) |
| Han Zhong et al. (1981) |
| Caisheng Zhao et al. (2009) |
Rui Xia et al. (2013) | |
| Shuangxi Zhao et al. (2012) |
| Xianxiao Xiong (1999) +1 other reference |
| Junzhi Dai et al. (2011) |
| Vielreicher et al. (2003) |
| Pang Jiangli (1999) +1 other reference |
| Qinglian Wang (1984) |
| Qinglian Wang (1984) |
| Weitao Wang et al. (2004) |
| USGS Open-File Report 98-466 |
| Dengmei Yang et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Xiaoming Qu et al. (2001) |
| Yuanfu Xiao et al. (2010) |
| Fuyou Wei (1989) |
| Zhiping Li (1998) |
| Yongjun Gao et al. (2011) |
| www.ruegg.co.uk (n.d.) |
Xinhui Liu et al. (2011) | |
Minghua Zheng et al. (1993) +3 other references | |
Ming Chen et al. (2005) | |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) |
Dehai Zhang (2000) +2 other references | |
Peters (2002) | |
Peters (2002) | |
| Yongjun Gao et al. (2011) |
Su Sun (1993) | |
Zhiping Li (1998) | |
De'an Zhu (1995) | |
De'an Zhu (1995) | |
| LENG et al. (2014) |
Guangming Li et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Xianxiao Xiong (2000) |
Xianxiao Xiong (2000) | |
| Zhusen Yang et al. (2009) |
Zhusen Yang et al. (2009) | |
| Xing et al. (2022) |
| Yi Yang et al. (2006) |
| Bingyu Zhu et al. (2010) |
| Xianxiao Xiong (1999) +1 other reference |
Zhang +6 other references | |
| Zengqian Hou et al. (2007) |
| Xiaohu Wang et al. (2011) |
Xiaohu Wang et al. (2011) | |
| Khin Zaw et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Wen Yan and Chaoyang Li (1992) |
| Song et al. (2022) |
Costa Rica | |
| Paolo Bosio collection |
Czech Republic | |
| Zacek et al. (1995) |
Tim Jokela Jr Collection | |
| Ε½Γ‘Δek et al. (1998) |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
Dr. Jan Hlousek label | |
| Beran +3 other references |
| Scharm B. |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| ΕΓdkoΕ‘il |
Fiji | |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
France | |
| Gonnard F. (1906) |
| Laurent (1995) |
| A Lacroix: Mineralogie de la France et ... |
| Laurent (1995) |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ... |
| Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +1 other reference |
| P&T NΒ°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Wittern +1 other reference |
Bari (1982) | |
This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
Boisson J.-M. (2004) | |
| "Les minΓ©raux et al. (1977) |
| Belot (1978) |
| |
P. Haas collection. +1 other reference | |
| Nakai et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
Georgia | |
| Kekelia et al. (2008) |
A. G. Zhabin et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Gruzdev et al. (1975) +2 other references |
Germany | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2005) |
| Lapis (4) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| |
Walenta (1992) | |
| [Lapis 1992 |
Lapis 21 (12) | |
| Meinrad Kempf Collection |
| Falkenstein (2010) |
| |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2013) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| undefined +2 other references |
WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| see locality page |
| Schwarzmeier (2015) +2 other references |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| |
Manfred GroΓ collection | |
Komotauer (1983) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis 17 (12) |
| VollstΓ€dt et al. (1991) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| John Sobolewski collection |
| T. Witzke & F. RΓΌger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
Greece | |
| BlaΓ et al. (1998) |
Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| Kanellopoulos et al. (2024) |
| Christos Spiromitros +2 other references |
| Kilias et al. (2013) |
| Kanellopoulos et al. (2024) |
Hungary | |
| SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of RudabΓ‘nya |
SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of RudabΓ‘nya | |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. |
| SzakΓ‘ll - Gatter: Minerals of Hungary |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
Indonesia | |
| 216.239.53.104 (n.d.) |
| Turner et al. (1994) |
| Yuningsih et al. (2014) |
Iran | |
| M. A. Mallakpour (1992) |
| Maanijou et al. (2001, August) |
| Keshavarzi et al. (2012) |
Keshavarzi et al. (2012) | |
| Rafiei et al. (2010) |
Richards (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Topa et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Asadi +5 other references |
Ireland | |
| de Haller +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Paolo Castello: Lo Ialofane e gli altri minerali del giacimento piombo-baritico del Trou des Romains (Courmayeur, Valle d'Aosta) +1 other reference |
| Russo (2004) |
Russo et al. (2017) | |
| Russo |
Russo et al. (2004) | |
Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference | |
| AA. VV. |
| Stoppani et al. (1982) +2 other references |
Funiciello et al. (1979) | |
Funiciello et al. (1979) | |
| Sella (1877) +1 other reference |
| 415. +1 other reference |
| Antofilli et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Daniele Ravagnani - I giacimenti ... |
| Maida (2002) |
| AA. VV. |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Ravagnani et al. (1974) +3 other references |
| Mattias et al. (2008) |
| Bruno Marello collection +1 other reference |
Ciriotti et al. (2021) | |
Bruno Marello find & collection | |
| Orlandi P. (2005) +1 other reference |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Jervis G. (1873) +2 other references | |
| Barresi (2005) +2 other references |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Orlandi P. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi (2011) |
| AA. VV. |
| Jervis (1881) |
| AA. VV. |
| Brizzi G. et al. (Casal di Pari-GR) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| R. Meli (1999) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) |
Brizzi G. et al. (GR) | |
| Arisi Rota et al. (1971) +2 other references |
| Brizzi et al. (1995) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Nannoni R. (2008) +1 other reference |
Nannoni et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Bonifazi (2021) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Matteo Chinellato collection | |
| Biagioni et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| D'Achiardi (1899) +6 other references |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) |
| DβAchiardi (1905) +4 other references |
Morino et al. (2016) | |
DβAchiardi (1905) +6 other references | |
| Ricci et al. (2021) |
| Chukanov (2014) |
| Mariani P. et al. (1975) |
| Meli R. (Val d'Orcia, Siena) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Giordano (2008) |
Japan | |
| Εhashi (1920) |
| Hiroaki Tano collection |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) |
| Ishibashi (1960) +1 other reference |
Kamitani et al. (2007) +2 other references | |
| Information displayed at Mitsubishi ... |
| Shun Nakano and Nobuo Geshi (2008) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Narita (1963) +1 other reference |
| Narita (1963) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Nokleberg et al. (2010) |
| Suzuki et al. (2008) |
| Yeats et al. (2017) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Wada (1904) |
| Ii (2006) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Dill (1999) |
| Kopchenova et al. (1962) +2 other references |
Kosovo | |
| Mederski et al. (2022) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Kolesar et al. (1993) +2 other references | |
| Peter Laznicka (2010) |
Laos | |
| Guo et al. (2018) |
Malaysia | |
| Percival et al. (1990) |
Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) | |
Breward et al. (1994) | |
Yajima (1960) | |
Breward et al. (1994) | |
Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) | |
Kim (1994) | |
Breward et al. (1994) | |
Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993) | |
Mexico | |
| Megaw |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| |
| Pi et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| stratigraphy et al. (4) +1 other reference |
Verley et al. (2011) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Morocco | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
Namibia | |
| Wilson (ed.) +1 other reference |
New Zealand | |
| Boyle (1979) |
January 2010 An assessment of the value ... | |
Econ Geol (1997) | |
| Schwarz-Schampera et al. (2007) |
| Schwarz-Schampera et al. (2007) |
| Christie et al. (1995) |
| R. Martin (NZ) |
Aurora Minerals +1 other reference | |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| An Active Epithermal Gold-Depositing ... +1 other reference |
| Krupp et al. (1987) |
| Kerr et al. (2018) |
Kerr et al. (2018) | |
North Macedonia | |
| Foullon (1892) +7 other references |
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in ... +7 other references | |
ΓorΔeviΔ et al. (2020) | |
| AntonoviΔ +9 other references |
Norway | |
| Cook (1996) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Choi et al. (2023) |
Schwarz-Schampera et al. (2001) | |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Burns et al. (2001) |
Peru | |
| HyrΕ‘l (2009) |
| Cosme R. PΓ©rez-Puig (2008) +1 other reference |
Crowley et al. (1997) | |
Guido del Castillo (2004) | |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
Lewis Jr (1964) | |
Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
Min Rec 39:95-99 +3 other references | |
| PΓ©rez-Puig Obieta et al. (2013) |
| Wise et al. (2005) |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
| Mineralogical Record (1997) |
| |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
Johnson et al. (1955) | |
Poland | |
| GAWEΕ A. (Middle Carpathians) |
Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica +2 other references | |
Portugal | |
| DGEG et al. (Alves et al., 2010) +1 other reference |
| collection of Pierre Rosseel +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
| KristΓ‘ly et al. (2009) |
| KristΓ‘ly et al. (2009) |
| KristΓ‘ly et al. (2009) |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians +1 other reference |
| Bailly et al. (1998) |
Lucas Etienne collection | |
| Grancea et al. (2002) |
Marias Francisc | |
mineralogicalrecord.com (2021) | |
Mineralogical Record 28:132-139 | |
| Εukasz Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF analysis ... |
Ε. Kruszewski & P. Ε»ochowski visual ... | |
| Lapis Nr.9 Sept.2002 Page 8 |
Grancea et al. (2002) | |
SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg. | |
| KovΓ‘cs et al. (2020) |
| Jude Radu (2010) |
| KristΓ‘ly et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Okrugin |
| ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π° |
Spiridonov et al. (2009, April) | |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
| Pavel Martynov specimen |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| Warren J. Nokleberg et al (1996) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| Shevko et al. (2018) |
| Sokol et al. (2021) |
Sokol et al. (2021) | |
| Stepanov +17 other references |
| Polyanin et al. (1949) |
| Redin et al. (2015) |
Redin et al. (2015) | |
Redin et al. (2015) | |
| Lyubimtseva et al. (2018) |
Serbia | |
Slobodan A. RadosavljeviΔ et al. (2013) | |
| Slobodan A. RadosavljeviΔ +4 other references |
| Hiessleitner (1951) +2 other references |
Slovakia | |
| Cook (2005) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| PauliΕ‘ |
| Duda |
| Smithsonian Institution USNM NUMBER:B536 |
| KodΔra (1986) |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| ΔuΔa (1993) |
| BaΔo |
ΔuΔa R. et al. (1986) | |
| Biela A. |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Duda et. all. |
ΔuΔa R. (2001) | |
| PauliΕ‘ |
KodΔra (1986) | |
| ΔuΔa |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
Slovenia | |
| Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ... |
| Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ... |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Mendoza et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| LΓ³pez (n.d.) |
| Carlos Luque Cabal (1985) |
| A Borrelli collection |
| Luque C.and GutiΓ©rrez. Manuel (2006) |
Luque et al. (2006) | |
| LΓ³pez (n.d.) |
| MartΓnez i CantΓ³ (2015) |
| - (n.d.) |
| GutiΓ©rrez Villarias (nordeste de Leon) |
| Joan Rosell (2022) |
Sudan | |
| www.gras-sd.com (2004) |
Sweden | |
| www.mindat.org (n.d.) |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
Bedognè et al. (2006) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Graeser et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
50. (in German) +2 other references | |
Taiwan | |
| |
| Journal of the Chemical Society |
Tajikistan | |
| Karpenko et al. (2023) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Turkey | |
| Ali R. ΓolakoΔlu et al. (2011) |
| Yigit (2012) +1 other reference |
Lucas Etienne collection | |
Lucas Etienne collection | |
| Yigit (2012) |
| Imer et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +2 other references |
Erik Vercammen collection | |
Erik Vercammen collection and field observations (1988) | |
| Akçay et al. (2006) |
| erik vercammen field observations and ... |
| Sarp et al. (2005) |
| J. GarcΓa-Veigas et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| A Summary and Geological Comparison. ... +6 other references |
American Mineralogist +4 other references | |
| Γzen et al. (2013) |
| Arik (2012) |
| MiΔraΓ§ AkΓ§ay (1995) |
MiΔraΓ§ AkΓ§ay (1995) | |
| YaylalΔ±-Abanuz et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Richard De Nul |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Rollinson et al. (2017) |
| T.F. Cotterell : "The mineralogy of ... +1 other reference |
Ukraine | |
| Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) |
| Shnykov E.F. at al. (1971) |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| Π¨Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (2016) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Burton et al. (2011) |
| - (2008) |
| Taylor |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| Galbraith (1947) +1 other reference |
| Galbraith (1947) |
| Hanks (1884) +1 other reference |
| 48 pp.: 33 +4 other references |
| Kelley (1936) +1 other reference |
| Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 132. +4 other references |
Speckels (1965) | |
Frondel et al. (1956) | |
Am Min (1958) | |
Richard Dale Collection | |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 132 +4 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 132. +2 other references |
| Weeks (1925) +2 other references |
| Skinner et al. (1964) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 132. +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
Murdoch (1966) | |
| Bradley (1940) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 124 +5 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 124. +1 other reference | |
| Bixby (1895) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Schooner (circa 1980s) |
| Ream (2004) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Ream (1995) | |
| - (2005) |
| R&M 69:3 pp 156-162 +1 other reference |
| SEM-EDS |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
Koschmann et al. (1968) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Integrated Methods for Discovery: ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) |
Peter G. Vikre (1998) | |
| Hastings (2008) |
Peter G. Vikre (1998) | |
| U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report ... +1 other reference |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
GEOLOGY OF THE DEEP STAR GOLD DEPOSIT +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Record:20:469 & 26:467. +2 other references |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Jerry W. Mohling (2002) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| John W. Norby and Michael J.T. Orobona (2002) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| evidence for Cretaceous and Tertiary gold mineralization. Economic Geology (5) +7 other references |
Mike Scott S103730 from Cureton CUH ID ... | |
Bowell et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
GETCHELL DEPOSIT +5 other references | |
Osterberg (1990) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Econ Geol (1997) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Clark (2012) |
- (2005) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| Tony Nikischer specimen |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
John et al. (1989) | |
| NBMG files No. 29600051 |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
USGS Bull 723 +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
Rocks & Min.: 16:22. +3 other references | |
NBMG Bull 99B Geology and Mineral ... | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| J. V. Tingley and J. L. Bentz (1983) |
- (2005) | |
| mrdata.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
Ilchik (1990) +2 other references | |
| Segeler et al. (1981) |
| Peters et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Rumrill et al. (2004) |
Palache (1941) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Jensen (1978) |
NY State Museum spec. no. 12655 | |
| ... |
| ... |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Callaghan +2 other references |
| USGS Bull 969 |
- (2005) | |
| Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ... +2 other references |
| USGS OFR 99-666 +2 other references |
- (2005) | |
| Microprobe |
| "Geol. Conditions in Burning Anthracite-NE PA et al. (1) +5 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Page et al. (1956) +4 other references |
Bullock (1981) | |
USGS Prof Paper 300 p295 +2 other references | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Norman King |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:3 pp194-196 |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection |
Singer et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
Carl L. Ege (2005) | |
Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Wilson et al. (1993) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
Rocks & Min.: 12:277. +1 other reference | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| American Mineralogist |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
- (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 12:277. |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference | |
Cannon (1975) | |
King (n.d.) | |
R&M +2 other references | |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
Cannon (1975) | |
Cannon (1975) | |
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference | |
| R. Derkey +4 other references |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
| Dana 7:I:293 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:387 |
| - (2005) |
Uzbekistan | |
| American Mineralogist (1956) +2 other references |
Vanuatu | |
| Schmidt et al. (2017) |
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