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Silicon

A valid IMA mineral species
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About SiliconHide

Formula:
Si
Colour:
Iridescent (films)
Hardness:
7
Crystal System:
Isometric
This page provides mineralogical data about Silicon.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3659
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3659:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
958b2ba2-a468-4bfe-a88c-fa5417ec4a7d

IMA Classification of SiliconHide

Approved

Classification of SiliconHide

1.CB.15

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
C : Metalloids and Nonmetals
B : Carbon-silicon family
Dana 7th ed.:
1.3.6.1
1.3.7.1

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
3 : Semi-metals and non-metals
1.28

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
SiIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of SiliconHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of SiliconHide

Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Iridescent (films)
Hardness:

Chemistry of SiliconHide

Mindat Formula:
Si

Crystallography of SiliconHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Setting:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.431 Å
Unit Cell V:
160.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Synthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009282SiliconKasper J S, Richards S M (1964) The crystal structures of new forms of silicon and germanium Acta Crystallographica 17 752-7551964synthetic0293
0011243SiliconWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 7-8319630300
0011244SiliconWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 7-83196301573
0012843SiliconHom T, Kiszenick W, Post B (1975) Accurate lattice constants from multiple reflection mesurements II. lattice constants of germanium, silicon and diamond Journal of Applied Crystallography 8 457-4581975synthetic0298
0015103SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic0298
0015104SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic0618
0015105SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic0798
0015106SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic0888
0015107SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic0973
0015108SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic01058
0015109SiliconDutta B N (1962) Lattice constants and thermal expansion of silicon up to 900 C by X-ray method Physica Status Solidi 2 984-9871962synthetic01151
0015275SiliconDuclos S J, Vohra Y K, Ruoff A L (1987) hcp-to-fcc transition in silicon at 78 GPa and studies to 100 GPa Physical Review Letters 58 775-7771987synthetic87293
0015281SiliconHanfland M, Schwarz U, Syassen K, Takemura K (1999) Crystal structure of the high-pressure phase silicon VI Physical Review Letters 82 1197-12001999synthetic38.4293
0015282SiliconHanfland M, Schwarz U, Syassen K, Takemura K (1999) Crystal structure of the high-pressure phase silicon VI Physical Review Letters 82 1197-12001999synthetic42.5293
0015283SiliconHanfland M, Schwarz U, Syassen K, Takemura K (1999) Crystal structure of the high-pressure phase silicon VI Physical Review Letters 82 1197-12001999synthetic45.5293
0015303SiliconOlijnyk H, Sikka S K, Holzapfel W B (1984) Structural phase transitions in Si and Ge under pressures up to 50 GPa Physics Letters 103A 137-1401984synthetic19.5293
0015304SiliconOlijnyk H, Sikka S K, Holzapfel W B (1984) Structural phase transitions in Si and Ge under pressures up to 50 GPa Physics Letters 103A 137-1401984synthetic43293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
29 : Lightning-generated minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36

Type Occurrence of SiliconHide

Synonyms of SiliconHide

Other Language Names for SiliconHide

German:Silizium
Simplified Chinese:自然硅

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

1.CB.TartarositeCIso. 2 3 : I21 3
1.CB.05bChaoiteCHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6/mmm
1.CB.05aGraphiteCHex. 6mm : P63mc
1.CB.05cFulleriteC60Tet.
1.CB.10aDiamondCIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
1.CB.10bLonsdaleiteCHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SiliconHide

References for SiliconHide

Localities for SiliconHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Barrocas
Kachalovskaja et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • Nunavut
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Devon Island
Newman (2020)
China
 
  • Anhui
    • Anqing
      • Qianshan City
Xu (2008)
Zaihuang Zhou et al. (1993)
  • Shandong
Qirong Liu et al. (1995)
  • Tibet
    • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
      • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
Wenji Bai et al. (2001)
          • Kangjinla Cr deposit
Xiangzhen et al. (2009)
          • Luobusha Mine ("Luobusa" Mine)
Li et al. (2009)
Zhang et al. (2016)
Cuba (TL)
 
  • Holguín Province
Am. Min. 76 (1991)
Israel
 
  • Northern District (HaZafon District)
    • Kishon river
Stan +4 other references
Russia
 
  • Altai Republic
    • Topolninsk ore field
Cherkasova et al. (2015)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Plastovsky District
      • Plast
        • Kochkar' District
Kuznetsova O. Yu. (1998)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
    • Yelizovsky District
Kaminsky et al. (2016)
  • Komi Republic
Kuznetsova O. Yu. (1998)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Targhasa massif
L. N. Novoselova (1986)
    • Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
      • Popigai impact crater
Gromilov et al. (2018, August)
  • Murmansk Oblast
Am. Min. 76 (1991)
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Mikhaylovsky District
[AmMin 84:992]
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Loukhsky District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Marshintsev (1990) +1 other reference
  • Sakhalin Oblast
    • Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands)
      • Kurilsky District
        • Iturup Island
Korzhinsky
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ... +2 other references
      • Priuralsky District
Rappenglück (2022)
Syria
 
  • Raqqa Governorate
Moore et al. (2020)
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Gissar Range
Novgorodova M.I. (1996)
Turkey
 
  • Izmir Province
Am Min 88:1817-1821
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
Rappenglück (2022)
USA
 
  • Michigan
    • Livingston County
Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Roscommon County
Stefano +2 other references
  • Oregon
    • Josephine County
      • Josephine Creek Mining District
...
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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