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Thorutite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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02789200014948460794331.jpg
Thorutite

Pomba pit, Serra das Éguas, Brumado, Bahia, Brazil
01152630014946368416946.jpg
Thorutite, etc.

Buckwheat pit, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
03640890014962314647896.jpg
Thorutite, etc.

Buckwheat pit, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
02789200014948460794331.jpg
Thorutite

Pomba pit, Serra das Éguas, Brumado, Bahia, Brazil
01152630014946368416946.jpg
Thorutite, etc.

Buckwheat pit, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
03640890014962314647896.jpg
Thorutite, etc.

Buckwheat pit, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
02789200014948460794331.jpg
Thorutite

Pomba pit, Serra das Éguas, Brumado, Bahia, Brazil
01152630014946368416946.jpg
Thorutite, etc.

Buckwheat pit, Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
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About ThorutiteHide

Formula:
(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
5.82
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1958 by Ya. D. Gotman and I. A. Khapaev for its chemical composition: thorium (Thor), uranium (U) and titanium (Ti).
Brannerite-Thorutite Series, and the Orthobrannerite-Thorutite Series.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3951
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3951:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
29852c76-1ed4-46f0-bd9d-d107f1c5795b

IMA Classification of ThorutiteHide

Classification of ThorutiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
4.DH.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
H : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:
8.3.4.2

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.16.20

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
ThuIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
ThuThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of ThorutiteHide

Lustre:
Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Black
Streak:
pale brown
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.82 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ThorutiteHide

Type:
Isotropic
Comments:
n = > 2.1

Chemistry of ThorutiteHide

Mindat Formula:
(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6
Elements listed:
Ca, H, O, Th, Ti, U - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ThorutiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.822(5) Å, b = 3.824(2) Å, c = 7.036(5) Å
β = 118.84(5)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.569 : 1 : 1.84
Unit Cell V:
231.49 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Monoclinic; always metamict. Point Group: 2, m, or 2/m. ; Space Group: C2, Cm, or C2/m (synthetic ThTi2O6).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0008221ThorutiteMitchell R H, Chakhmouradian A R (1999) Solid solubility in the system NaLREETi2O6 - ThTi2O6 (LREE, light rare-earth elements): experimental and analytical data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 26 396-40519990293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.17 Å(7)
1.728 Å(6)
1.695 Å(6)
1.632 Å(3)
2.72 Å(2)
1.226 Å(2)
4.35 Å(1.5)
Comments:
after heating at 1000 °C.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of ThorutiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Severnyi area (North area), Zardalek alkaline massif, Sokh Valley, Batken Region, Kyrgyzstan
General Appearance of Type Material:
short prismatic crystals, to 2 cm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
All-Union Research Institute of Mineral Resources, Moscow, Russia.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
ThoriteZirconCalciteBaryteGalena
Reference:
Gotman, Y.D., Khapaev, I.A. (1958) Thorutite - a new mineral of the group of titanites of thorium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 87(2): 201-202.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/ZVMO87N2_201.pdf

Synonyms of ThorutiteHide

Other Language Names for ThorutiteHide

Relationship of Thorutite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Thorutite associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
4 photos of Thorutite associated with CalciteCaCO3
1 photo of Thorutite associated with PyriteFeS2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.DH.Fluornatropyrochlore(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)2Nb2O6FIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DH.Roméite GroupA2(Sb5+)2O6Z
4.DH.Hydroxykenomicrolite(◻,Na,Sb3+)2Ta2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.Fluornatroroméite(Na,Ca)2Sb2(O,OH)6F
4.DH.OxyplumboroméitePb2Sb2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.Cesiokenopyrochlore◻Nb2(O,OH)6(Cs,◻) Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)Y2Ti2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.05BranneriteUTi2O6Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.DH.05OrthobranneriteU4+U6+Ti4O12(OH)2Orth.
4.DH.10KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.DH.10Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6Mon.
4.DH.15 vaAlumotungstite◻2W2O6(H2O)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydroplumboelsmoreite(Pb,◻)(W,Fe3+)2O6 · H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
4.DH.15Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)
4.DH.15Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
4.DH.15Fluornatromicrolite(Na1.5Bi0.5)Ta2O6FIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.)(Bi,Ca,U,Pb)2-xNb2(O,OH)6(OH)Amor.
4.DH.15Hydrokenoelsmoreite◻2W2O6(H2O)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Fluorcalciomicrolite(Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6FIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15OxycalciobetafiteCa2(Ti,Nb)2O6O
4.DH.15 vaYttromicrolite (of Hogarth)(Ca,Y3+,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb,Ti,Fe3+)2O7Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Oxynatropyrochlore(Na,Ca,U)2Nb2O6(O,OH)
4.DH.15Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb, Ti)2O6FIso.
4.DH.15OxycalciopyrochloreCa2Nb2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Fluorstrontiopyrochlore(Sr,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6F
4.DH.15OxyplumbopyrochlorePb2Nb2O6O
4.DH.15Kenoplumbopyrochlore(Pb,◻)Nb2O6(◻,O)
4.DH.15Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)(Y,◻)2Nb2O6O
4.DH.15Fluorkenopyrochlore(◻,Sr,Ce,Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F
4.DH.15Oxyuranobetafite(U,Ca,◻)2(Ti,Nb)2O6O
4.DH.15OxycalciomicroliteCa2Ta2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15OxystannomicroliteSn2Ta2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Kenoplumbomicrolite(Pb,◻)2Ta2O6(◻,OH,O)Iso.
4.DH.15Oxystibiomicrolite(Sb3+,Ca)2Ta2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydromicrolite(H2O,◻)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O)
4.DH.15Hydrokenomicrolite(◻,H2O)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DH.15Hydroxymanganopyrochlore(Mn2+,Th,Na,Ca,REE)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH) Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.DH.15HydroxycalciomicroliteCa1.5Ta2O6(OH)Iso. 4 3 2 : P42 3 2
4.DH.15Fluorplumbopyrochlore(Pb,Y,Th,U,Na,Ca)2-x(Nb,Ti)2O6FIso.
4.DH.15Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore (Pb1.5◻0.5)Nb2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Oxynatromicrolite(Na,Ca,U)2(Ta,Nb)2O6(O,F)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Fluorhydropyrochlore
4.DH.15Hydroxykenoelsmoreite(◻,Pb)2(W,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH)Trig. 3 : R3
4.DH.15Hydrokenopyrochlore(◻,x)2Nb2O6(H2O,Cs)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydroxynatropyrochlore(Na,Ca,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Hydroxynatromicrolite(Na,Bi3+,◻)2Ta2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Hydroxymanganopyrochlor)(Mn,Ca,Y)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(OH)
4.DH.15Oxybismutomicrolite(Bi1.33◻0.67)ÎŁ2Ta2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20BindheimitePb2Sb2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20Hydroxycalcioroméite(Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20MonimolitePb2Sb5+2O7Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DH.20CuproroméiteCu2Sb2(O,OH)7Iso.
4.DH.20StetefeldtiteAg2Sb2(O,OH)7Iso.
4.DH.20StibiconiteSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DH.20FluorcalcioromĂ©ite(Ca,Na,◻)2Sb5+2(O,OH)6FIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20OxycalcioroméiteCa2Sb2O6OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20HydroxyferroromĂ©ite(Fe2+1.5◻0.5)Sb5+2O6(OH)Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.25RosiaitePbSb5+2O6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.DH.30ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7Orth.
4.DH.30Laachite(Ca,Mn)2Zr2Nb2TiFeO14Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DH.30Nöggerathite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
4.DH.30Stefanweissite(Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmca
4.DH.35LiandratiteU(Nb,Ta)2O8Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.DH.35PetscheckiteUFe(Nb,Ta)2O8Hex.
4.DH.40IngersoniteCa3Mn2+Sb5+4O14Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1
4.DH.45PittongiteNa0.22(W,Fe3+)(O,OH)3 · 0.44H2OHex. 6 m2 : P6m2
4.DH.50TazzoliiteBa4-xNaxTi2Nb3SiO17[PO2(OH)2]x(OH)(1-2x) Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Fmmm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ThorutiteHide

References for ThorutiteHide

Reference List:
Gotman, Y.D., Khapaev, I.A. (1958) Thorutite - a new mineral of the group of titanites of thorium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 87(2): 201-202.
Fleischer, M. (1958) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 43: 1006-1008 (1007).
Gotman, Y.D., Khapaev, I.A. (1958) Thorutite - a new mineral of the group of titanites of thorium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 87(2): 201-202.
Povilaitis, M.M. (1963) On the new mineral lodochnikite, absite, and thorutite. Zapiski Vses. Minerolog. Obshch.: 92: ll3-123.
Fleischer, M. (1963) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 48: 1413-1421 (1419).
Zunic, T.B., Scavnicar, S., Grobenski, Z. (1984) The structure of thorium(IV) dititanium(IV) oxide, ThTi2O6. Documenta Chemica Yugoslavica. Croatica Chemica Acta: 57: 645-651.
Baran, E.J., Cabello, C.I., Nord, A.G. (1987) Raman spectra of some MIIV2O6 brannerite-type metavanadates. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy: 18: 405-407.
De Hoog, J.C.M., Van Bergen, M.J. (1997). Notes on the chemical composition of zirconolite with thorutite inclusions from Walaweduwa, Sri Lanka. Mineralogical Magazine: 61(5): 721-725.
Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R. (1999) Solid solubility in the system NaLREETi2O6 - ThTi2O6 (LREE, light rare-earth elements): experimental and analytical data. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 26: 396-405.
James, M., Carter, M.L., Watson, J.N. (2003) The synthesis, crystal chemistry and structures of Y-doped brannerite (U1-xYxTi2O6) and thorutite (Th1-xYxTi2O6-d) phases. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 174: 329-333.
Pekov I.V. (2007) New Minerals from Former Soviet Union Countries, 1998-2006. Mineralogical Almanac: 11: 88 pgs.
Zhang, Y., Čejka, J., Karatchevtseva, I., Qin, M., Kong, L., Short, K., Middleburgh, S.C., Lumpkin, G.R (2014) Theoretical and experimental Raman spectroscopic studies of synthetic thorutite (ThTi2O6). Journal of Nuclear Materials: 446(1-3): 68-72.
(2023) Thorutite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for ThorutiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola
 
  • HuĂ­la Province
    • Quilengues
Amores-Casals et al. (2019)
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Olary Province
      • Mt Victor Plumbago Station
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Brumado
      • Serra das Éguas
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Golden Mining Division
Canadian Museum of Nature collection
India
 
  • West Bengal
    • Purulia District
Baidya et al. (2) +1 other reference
Indonesia
 
  • West Sulawesi Province
    • Mamuju Regency
Sukadana et al. (2022)
Kyrgyzstan (TL)
 
  • Batken Region
    • Sokh Valley
      • Zardalek alkaline massif
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +3 other references
Mexico
 
  • Oaxaca
    • San Francisco Telixtlahuaca Municipality
      • San Francisco Telixtlahuaca
Prol-Ledesma et al. (2012)
Myanmar
 
  • Mandalay Region
    • Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
      • Mogok Township
        • Kyauk-Pyat-That
          • Sakangyi (Sakhan-gyi)
Heo et al. (2020)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Arandis Constituency
Irene M. Abraham (2009)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Ząbkowice ƚląskie County
      • Gmina Ząbkowice ƚląskie
        • Szklary
Pieczka et al. (2013)
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
Chakhmouradian et al. (1999)
South Korea
 
  • South Chungcheong Province
    • Geumsan County
ìĄ°ë‚ší›„ et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Sri Lanka
 
  • Sabaragamuwa Province
    • Ratnapura District
      • Kalawana
        • Bambarabotuwa
De Hoog et al. (1997)
USA
 
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
        • Franklin Mine
King
Analysis by Ing. P. Ondrush & Dr. F. ... +1 other reference
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