Varlamoffite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionable
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About Varlamoffite
Formula:
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2
Colour:
Yellow
Lustre:
Waxy, Earthy
Hardness:
6 - 6½
Name:
Named in honor of Nicolas Varlamoff (12 April 1910, Don Region, Russian Empire (also given as Stanitza Krasnokoudkaya - 10 April 1976, New York, USA (also given as Brazil)). He moved to Belgium around 1923. He was a geologist and prospector in Africa (tin, tungsten, diamonds, coal, limestone). Later he was an adviser to the United Nations on mineral exploration in Africa and taught at Queens College, New York.
Type Locality:
Originally inadequately described from Cerro Rico, Potosi, Bolivia, as "Souxite" by Dr Roberto Herzenberg, who discovered that some of the secondary tin oxide resulting from the oxidation of tin-rich sulphosalts was soluble in acids and therefore was not cassiterite. Better studied material was later re-described as "Varlamoffite", which some considered to be merely a variety of Cassiterite - although it is probably not.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4157
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4157:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
5919e5e9-8af9-4358-ae03-07ab6bc90ae6
IMA Classification of Varlamoffite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959), Questionable
Type description reference:
Classification of Varlamoffite
4.DB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4.4.2.1
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Vlm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Varlamoffite
Chemistry of Varlamoffite
Mindat Formula:
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2
Elements listed:
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.35 Å | (100) |
| 2.63 Å | (90) |
| 1.75 Å | (50) |
| 1.67 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Varlamoffite
Reference:
Buttgenbach, H.J.F. (1947) Varlamoffite, H2SnO3. in Les minéraux de Belgique et du Congo Belge: 182-183.
Synonyms of Varlamoffite
Other Language Names for Varlamoffite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 16 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 12 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 11 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
| 9 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 7 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O |
| 6 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Malayaite | CaSn(SiO4)O |
| 3 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Wolframite Group | |
| 3 photos of Varlamoffite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 |
| 4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
| 4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Srilankite | ZrTi2O6 |
| 4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | (Zn,Fe)WO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | |
| 4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalaeschynite-(Ce) | Ce(TiTa)O6 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
| 4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) |
| 4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x] |
| 4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
| 4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Varlamoffite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4157.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Varlamoffite
Reference List:
Alexander, J. B., Fliter, B. H. (1965) A note on varlamoffite and associated minerals from the Batang Padang district, Perak, Malaya, Malaysia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (272) 622-627 doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.272.05
Localities for Varlamoffite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| |
Argentina | |
| Smith (2009) |
Australia | |
| Burton et al. (2007) |
Austria | |
| Brandstetter (1998) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) | |
| Dr Fritz Berndt collection and wet chemistry analysis (1950s) +1 other reference |
| Am. Min. 32 (1947) |
China | |
| Lianshun Feng (1986) |
| Yile Xu and Zuoyou Hu (1985) |
| Chujun Deng et al. (1982) |
| Lijun Zhu (1989) +1 other reference |
| Zhenhua Zhou et al. (2011) +2 other references |
| Chen et al. (1992) |
| Mingxiu Wei (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Kaiji Yu (1984) |
| Kaiji Yu (1984) | |
Czech Republic | |
| 70 (in German) +1 other reference |
| 70 (in German) +1 other reference | |
| třebíčský masiv +2 other references |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Clark (1993) |
| Niggli (1952) | |
France | |
| G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) |
| Queneau (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Collected by Michel Blondieau |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ... | |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des ... |
Germany | |
| Blaß et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1986) +1 other reference |
India | |
| Acharya et al. (1982) |
Japan | |
| Matsubara (2002) |
| Kato (1970) | |
| University of Tokyo collection |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Fleischer et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Malaysia | |
| Ref |
| Teh (1981) |
Mongolia | |
| Petr Paulis (Bajan Mod) |
Morocco | |
| Econ Geol (1989) |
| Ph. M. Sonnet : "Burtite |
Namibia | |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
| Bezing et al. (2007) | |
Portugal | |
| de Sousa +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (n.d.) |
| N.V. |
| Gonevchuk et al. (2005) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Zhdanov Yu.Ya. (1998) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2009) |
Tajikistan | |
| Mirakov M.A. et al. (2018) |
| Pekov (1998) |
UK | |
| |
| Richard De Nul photo | |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Dale Foster Collection |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| |
| |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Barstow (1982) +1 other reference | |
USA | |
| Jim Hall |
| NMGS 37th Field Conference |
| Rocks & Minerals: 57: 160 &/or 60: 110 ... |
| John R. Ydren collection |
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Hingston Down Quarry, Gunnislake, Calstock, Cornwall, England, UK