Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Mountain Pass Mine | Mine |
| Mountain Pass | Pass |
| Mountain Pass District | Mining District |
| Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range) | Mountain Range |
| San Bernardino Co. | County |
| California | State |
| USA | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
35° 28' 43'' North , 115° 31' 56'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy Valley | 2,051 (2011) | 38.7km |
| Goodsprings | 229 (2011) | 40.3km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Mountain Pass deposit; Mountain Pass Mine and mill; Bastnaesite deposit; Bastnäsite deposit; Mountain Pass carbonatite
A baryte-Ce-REE-Au-Ag-Pb deposit/mine located in secs. 12 & 13, T16N, R13E, SBM, 1.5 km (0.9 miles) NE of Mountain Pass (town), immediately N of Interstate highway 15, and about 15 miles W of the Nevada state line, on private (patented) land. It was discovered in 1949. The property is comprised of 6 claims. The first production occurred in 1951. The USGS MRDS database stated accuracy for this locality is 10 meters.
Owned & operated by the Molybdenum Corporation of America (MCA) (100%) (1950-1974); Owned & operated by Molycorp, Inc. (100%) (same company - new name (1974-1977); owned by the Union Oil of California (100%) (1977); Operated by Molycorp, Inc. (100%) (1977-2005); Owned & operated by Molycorp Minerals LLC (100%), Englewood, Colorado (1983).
NOTE: The mine ceased active mining in 2002 due to environmental concerns, however the owners, Molycorp Inc., have indicated they plan to return to full production in 2011. Start-up mining activities began in August 2012. In June 2015, however, Molycorp filed for bankruptcy.
The mine reopened in 2018. According to "Mineral Commodities Summary" from the USGS (2020), in the entry for Yttrium, page 1: "mined in 2019 as a primary product at the Mountain Pass Mine in California, which was restarted in the first quarter of 2018 after being put on care-and-maintenance status in the fourth quarter of 2015."
Mineral occurrence model information: Model code: 24; USGS model code: 10; Deposit model name: Carbonatite. Mineralization involves vein baryte deposits with rare-earth minerals in metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian age. One of the world's largest lanthanide deposits. There are strong environmental concerns as this mine is situated next to the Mojave National Preserve.
The carbonatite complex (1.4 BP intrusion) is intruded in Precambrian biotite-garnet-sillimanite-hornblende gneisses, biotite granitic gneisses, augen granitic gneisses (Neoproterozoic gneisses) and schists. The carbonatite complex is composed of eight 100 to 2000 meter-long plugs of alkaline intrusive rocks (from shonkinites and syenites to carbonatites) and about 200 dikes of carbonatite in NW-trending rows.
The ore body strikes N10W and dips 40W at a thickness of 75 meters, a depth-to-top of 458 meters (?? - depth-to-bottom ??), a width of 1,590 meters, a length of 750 meters and an area of 1500 HA. Ore body No. 1 is tabular; No. 2 is a fissure vein and No. 3 is a shear zone. The primary mode of origin was magmatic differentiation and the secondary mode was hydrothermal activity. Primary ore control was igneous and the secondary control was fracturing. Wallrock alteration is slight (silicification and carbonitization). Alteration also includes fenitization and hematization. The vein occurs at the contact of a dike and host rock and has an aplite dike hanging wall and a gneiss footwall. The dikes trend N30W.
Analytical data results: An ore shoot 100 feet long and 12 to 15 feet thick was said to carry $9.00 (period values) Au per ton.
Analysis of the bastnäsite-(Ce) by Hoffman et al. (1971) have confirmed the presence of plutonium-244 isotope. However, Sakamoto (1974) has suggested, that the source of this exotic isotope may be extraterrestrial.
Workings include surface and underground openings comprised of an open pit with an area of 260 ha and an overall depth of 169.16 meters. Milling method employed was flotation. Water is obtained from wells 10 km E of the mine. Power is supplied by Southern California Edison Company. The access road is paved and labor is available at the site.
An estimated production rate in the 1980s was 1,285 metric tons/day, including 1,155 metric tons/day ore and 130 metric tons/day of dilution material. The production numbers are amount of REE's in the concentrate. This is not the same as the total recovered since there is some loss in processing the concentrate. True production is somewhat less, but the loss in processing is not reported.
Reserves and resources: Type: in-situ (estimate year: 1989): Demonstrated: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore; indicated: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore. Total resources: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore. REE (Y group): 8.9 weight percent REE (1989).
Collecting is not allowed.
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Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities46 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Aegirine-augite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 33, 36; Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & Harry Rose, Jr. (1956), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 41: 665; Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & F.A. Hildebrand (1958), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 460-480; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ 'Ancylite' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Colour: White to cream Description: Includes ferroan material. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 33; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 221. |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Description: A minor constituent here. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Arfvedsonite Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Sulphide Queen Mine (Sulphide Queen body), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Description: Occurs as largely massive material forming a large portion of the mineralization here (20% to 25% of the carbonate bodies). Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 34; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 98; Jaffe, H.W., et al (1953), Sahamalite, a new rare earth carbonate mineral, American Mineralogist: 38: 721-754; Weber, F.H., Jr. (1966b), Mineral resources of California: Barite. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin: 191: 94-98; Davis, Fenelon Francis and J.R. Evans (1973) Mining activity in California, July 1972 through June 1973. California Division Mines and Geology California Geology: 26: 291-305; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 294; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160.; USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ 'Bastnäsite' Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F Reference: Olsen et al, 1954 |
ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(CO3)F Localities: Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Description: Crystal aggregates to 3 cm Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index", p62] |
ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine Formula: (Sr,Ba)SO4 Localities: Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA ? (more information) Description: Occurs as abundant crystals to 1 inch (2.5 cm) diameter in a large ankeritic vein. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, , Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., and Sharp, W.N. (1954), Rare-earth mineral deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County, California: USGS PP 261: 34; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 288. |
| ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2 Reference: Gunnar Färber |
| ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) Formula: (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 Reference: Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & Harry Rose, Jr. (1956), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 41: 665; Gay, Peter (1957), The crystallography of cerite: American Mineralogist: 42: 429-432; Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & F.A. Hildebrand (1958), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 460-480; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222, 479; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 36; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183. |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Theodore, Ted G. (2007) Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California; USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Gunnar Färber |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Localities: Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) Formula: (Ce,La)F3 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Fluorophlogopite Formula: KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 Reference: Gunnar Färber |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ 'Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite' Formula: ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 Reference: Gunnar Färber |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) Localities: Description: Occurs as crystals and grains. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman (1952), Preliminary report to accompany the geologic map of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County, California: USGS open file report; Wright, L.A., et al (1953), Mines and mineral resources of San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division of Mines (Report 49): 49(1-2): 125; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 271; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) Reference: Walker, G.W., Lovering, T.G., and Stephens, H.G. (1956), Radioactive Deposits in California: Special Report 49 of the California Division of Mines & Geology: 22; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222, 318. |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2 Localities: Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Birthday Mine (Birthday claim; Birthday area), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA Description: Occurs in small amounts. 1 am intergrowths with bastnäsite - relatively uncommon. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: ; Wright, L.A., et al (1953), Mines and mineral resources of San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division of Mines (Report 49): 49(1-2): 125; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183, 212, 221, 222; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Description: Exhibits colour mottling suggestive of compositional variations. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 37; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 429; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite Formula: [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] Reference: Gunnar Färber |
| ⓘ 'Pseudoleucite' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
ⓘ Riebeckite Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Description: Occurs as veins up to 12 mm thick. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite' Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 Description: Occurs as veins up to 12 mm thick. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
✪ Sahamalite-(Ce) (TL) Formula: (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 Type Locality: Habit: Tabular Colour: Colourless Description: Occurs as minute tabular crystals in baryte-dolomite rock. Reference: Jaffe, H.W., et al (1953), Sahamalite, a new rare earth carbonate mineral, American Mineralogist: 38: 741.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Description: Abundant in some veins. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 Description: Occurs as cement in a breccia of baryte-carbonate rock. Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., and Sharp, W.N. (1954), Rare-earth mineral deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County, California: USGS PP 261: 33; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 217. |
| ⓘ 'Synchysite Group' Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| ⓘ Tenorite Formula: CuO Reference: Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 36; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183. |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) Colour: Dark red to yellowish brown Description: Lustrous grains to 3 mm and as 0.5 mm crystals. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) Description: Occurs as a minor constituent. Reference: USGS Open File report 2010-5220 |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: USGS Bulletin 2160 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluocerite-(Ce) | 3.AC.15 | (Ce,La)F3 |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cerianite-(Ce) | 4.DL.05 | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20a | Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Parisite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20b | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ | Sahamalite-(Ce) (TL) | 5.AD.05 | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | var. Barium-rich Celestine | 7.AD.35 | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine-augite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Arfvedsonite | 9.DE.25 | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Cerite-(Ce) | 9.AG.20 | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Fluorophlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | 9.DE.25 | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Ancylite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Bastnäsite' | - | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite' | - | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Pseudoleucite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Riebeckite Root Name Group' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var. Crocidolite' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Synchysite Group' | - | |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| AmXp, with m:p = 1:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.8.1.1 | PbS |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.9.1.1 | CuFeS2 |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2 | |||
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.12.1.1 | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - SULFOSALTS | |||
| 3 <ø < 4 | |||
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 3.3.6.1 | Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
| AX | |||
| ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.2.3.1 | CuO |
| A2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Cerianite-(Ce) | 4.4.12.1 | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.4.1.1 | TiO2 |
| Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
| XO(OH) | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 6.1.1.2 | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
| AB2X4 | |||
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 7.2.2.3 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| Group 9 - NORMAL HALIDES | |||
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 9.2.1.1 | CaF2 |
| AX3 | |||
| ⓘ | Fluocerite-(Ce) | 9.3.4.1 | (Ce,La)F3 |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 14.1.1.3 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Strontianite | 14.1.3.3 | SrCO3 |
| AB(XO3)2 | |||
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 14.2.1.2 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 14.2.1.1 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Miscellaneous | |||
| ⓘ | Sahamalite-(Ce) (TL) | 14.4.2.1 | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | 16a.1.1.1 | Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | Parisite-(Ce) | 16a.1.5.1 | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 16a.2.1.1 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 16a.3.1.1 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 28.3.1.1 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 28.3.1.2 | SrSO4 |
| Group 38 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 38.4.3.1 | Ce(PO4) |
| Group 48 - ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 48.1.3.1 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Thorite | 51.5.2.3 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 51.5.2.1 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Cerite-(Ce) | 52.4.6.1 | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups | |||
| Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2) | |||
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 58.2.1a.1 | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 58.2.1a.7 | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 65.1.3c.2 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine-augite | 65.1.3b.2 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Augite | 65.1.3a.3 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 65.1.3a.1 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 71.2.2a.1 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 71.2.2b.1 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 71.2.1.3 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Microcline | 76.1.1.5 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 76.1.1.1 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Ancylite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | - | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Arfvedsonite | - | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Bastnäsite' | - | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine | - | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Fluorophlogopite | - | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite' | - | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Sericite | - | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | - | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| ⓘ | 'Pseudoleucite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Riebeckite | - | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Riebeckite Root Name Group' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'var. Crocidolite' | - | ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Synchysite Group' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| C | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| O | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| O | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)F3 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| F | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group | ◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine | (Sr,Ba)SO4 |
| La | Lanthanum | |
| La | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| La | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| Ce | ⓘ Cerite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)(SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3 |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ce | ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)F3 |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Ce | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
| Nd | Neodymium | |
| Nd | ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) | (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 |
| Nd | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| Nd | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Sm | Samarium | |
| Sm | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| Gd | Gadolinium | |
| Gd | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Th | ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce) | (Ce4+,Th)O2 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Anonymous (1950), New products: Mineral Notes & News No. 158: 1-18.
Anonymous (1950), Rare earth deposits found in California: California Division of Mines, Mineral Information Service: 3(1): 1.
Chesterman, C.W. (1950 b), Uranium, thorium and rare-earth elements: California Division Mines Bulletin 156: 361-363.
Olson, Jerry Chipman & William N. Sharp (1951), Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass bastnaesite deposits, San Bernardino County, California: abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1467.
Pray, Lloyd Charles & William N. Sharp (1951), Bastnaesite discovered near Mountain Pass, California: (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1519.
Olson, Jerry Chipman (1952), Preliminary report to accompany the geologic map of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County, California: USGS open file report.
Sharp, W. N. and L. C. Pray (1952), Geologic Map of Bastnaesite Deposits of the Birthday Claims, San Bernardino County, California, U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-4, 1952, Scale 1:600.
Zadra, J.B., et al (1952), Concentration of bastnaesite and other cerium ores: US Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4919.
Donnay, Gabrielle & J.D.H. Donnay (1953), The crystallography of bastnaesite, parasite, roetgenite and synchosite: American Mineralogist: 38: 932-965.
Jaffe, H.W., et al (1953), Sahamalite, a new rare earth carbonate mineral, American Mineralogist: 38: 721-754.
Wright, L.A., et al (1953), Mines and mineral resources of San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division of Mines (Report 49): 49(1-2): tabulated list No. 189, p. 125.
Hewett. D. F. (1954), History of the Discovery at Mountain Pass, California, In Olson, J. C., and others, Rare-Earth Mineral Deposits of the Mountain Pass District, San Bernardino County, California, USGS Professional Paper 261.
Olson, Jerry Chipman & Lloyd Charles Pray (1954), The Mountain Pass rare earth deposit: California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 170, chap. VIII: 23-30.
Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS Professional Paper 261, 75 pp.: 33, 34, 36, 37, 38.
Jaffe, Howard William (1955) Precambrian monazite and zircon from the Mountain Pass rare-earth district, San Bernardino County, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin: 66: 1247-1256.
Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & Harry Rose, Jr. (1956), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 41: 665.
Hewett, Donnel Foster (1956) Geology and mineral resources of the Ivanpah quadrangle, California and Nevada, USGS Professional Paper 275, 172 pp.
Jaffe, Howard William (1956) Application of the rule of Gladstone and Dale to minerals. American Mineralogist: 41: 764.
Walker, G.W., Lovering, T.G., and Stephens, H.G. (1956), Radioactive Deposits in California: Special Report 49 of the California Division of Mines & Geology: 22, 24.
Gay, Peter (1957), The crystallography of cerite: American Mineralogist: 42: 429-432.
Brobst, D.A. (1958), Barite Resources of the United States, USGS Bulletin 1072-B: 108 (Table 10).
Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & F.A. Hildebrand (1958), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 460-480.
Ceramic News (1965), New Rare Earth Processing Plant.
Kreusi, P.R. and Duker, G. (1965) Production of rare-earth chloride from bastnaesite. Journal of Metals: 17: 847-849.
Adams, J.W. (1966), Rare earths, California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 191: 350-355.
Evans, James R. (1966 a) California Mountain Pass mine now producing europium oxide. California Division Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 18: 23-32.
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 60, 79, 98, 99, 123, 125, 271, 284, 326, 389.
Weber, F.H., Jr. (1966 b), Mineral resources of California: Barite. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin: 191: 94-98.
Pings, W.B. (1969) The rare earths today. Colorado School of Mines Mineral Industries Bulletin: 12(2) 1-19.
Hoffman, D.C., Lawrence, F.O., Mewherter, J.L., Rourke, F.M. (1971): Detection of Plutonium-244 in Nature. Nature: 234: 132-134.
Davis, Fenelon Francis and J.R. Evans (1973) Mining activity in California, July 1972 through June 1973. California Division Mines and Geology California Geology: 26: 291-305.
Woodmansee, W.C. (1973) The mineral industry of California: Reprint from 1971. U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, 50 pp.: 40.
Anonymous (1974), Relationship of Mineralization to Major Structural Features in the Mountain Pass Area, San Bernardino County, California, California Geology, July 1974.
Evans, James R. (1974) Relationship of mineralization to major structural features in the Mountain Pass area, San Bernardino County, California. California Division Mines and Geology, California Geology: 27: 149-157.
Sakamoto, K. (1974): Possible cosmic dust origin of terrestrial plutonium-244. Nature: 248(5444): 130-132.
Lindsey, D. S. (1978), Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass District, San Bernardino County, California, U.S. Bureau of Mines, File Report, September 1978.
Warhol, W. N. (1980), Molycorp's Mountain Pass Operations, In: Fife, D. L., And A. R. Brown, Editors, Geology And Mineral Wealth Of The California Desert. South Coast Geological Society.
Warhol. W. N. (1980), Rare Earths and the Mountain Pass, California Operations. SME-AIME, Pre-Print No. 80-380, October, 1980, 7 p.
Woyski, Margaret S. (1980), Petrology of the Mountain Pass carbonatite complex - A review, in Geology and mineral wealth of the California Desert, Fife, D.L. and Brown A.R., Editors, South Coast Geological Society.
Morrice, E. and M. M. Wong (1982). Flotation of Rare Earths from Bastnaesite Ore. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation RI 8689, 13 pp.
Wilson. T. A. (1982), Rare Earths From Lighter Flints To X-Rays. SME-AIME Annual. Meeting Pre-Print No. 82-52, Feb. 1982, 3 p.
Fuerstenau, D. W., Pradip, L. A. Kahn, S. Raghavan (1983), Alternate Reagent Scheme for the Flotation of Mountain Pass Rare-Earth Ore. Pre-Prints - XIV International Processing Conference. Published by Cim, Montreal, Quebec.
Jones, A.P. and Wyllie, P.J. (1983) Low temperature glass quenched from a synthetic rare earth carbonatite: implications for the origin of the Mountain Pass deposit, California. Economic Geology: 78: 1721-1723.
Parkhurst, D. (1983), The Mountain Pass Rare Earth Project. California Mining Journal: March, 1983.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 183, 212, 221, 222, 294, 316-317, 318, 340, 404, 429, 462-463, 479, 486.
Ritchey, J. L. (1983), Mountain Pass Mine, San Bernardino County, California, Bumines MAS Property Evaluation File Report, Sept. 1983, 27 pp.
U.S. Bureau Of Mines (1983), Mineral Commodity Summaries.
De Witt, E., Kwak, L.M., and Zartman, R.E. (1987) U-Th-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Mountain Pass carbonatite and alkalic igneous rocks, southeastern California. Geological Society of America, Abstract of Programs: 19: 642.
Burchfiel, B.C., and Davis, G.A. (1988), Mesozoic thrust faults and Cenozoic low-angle normal faults, eastern Spring Mountains Nevada, and Clark Mountains thrust complex, California in This Extended Land: Geological journeys in the southern Basin and Range, Field Trip Guidebook, Geological Society of America, Western Cordilleran Section, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Industrial Minerals (1990), Minerals In The U.S. South-West: Breaking Rocks In The Hot Sun. Industrial Minerals: No. 272, May, 1990.
U.S. Bureau of Mines (1995), Minerals Availability System/Mineral Industry Location System (MAS/MILS), U.S. Bureau of Mines, file ID #0060710189 & 0060711887.
Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160.
USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10212814.
Theodore, Ted G. (2007) Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California; USGS Bulletin 2160.
Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): Carbonatites of the World. Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. USGS Open-File Report 09-1139.
Long, K.R., Van Gosen, B.S., Foley, N.K., and Cordier, Daniel (2010), The Principal Rare Earth Elements Deposits of the United States, A Summary of Domestic Deposits and a Global Perspective; USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5220.
Mariano, A. N. & Mariano, A., Jr. (2012): Rare earth mining and exploration in North America. Elements: 8: 369-376.
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), MSHA file No. 0402542.
USGS MRDS ID #M023680.
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10212814 |
|---|
External Links
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Pass_rare_earth_mine
http://www.molycorp.com/about-us/mountain-pass/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1219/ (including information on outcrops in the wider area)
http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/fieldtrips/mtp/mtnpass.htm
http://wheretofindrocks.com/collecting-rare-earth-minerals-near-mountain-pass-between-las-vegas-and-los-angeles/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5220/pdf/SIR2010-5220.pdf (Long, et al PDF)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-yttrium.pdf (mine reopening in 2018)
http://www.molycorp.com/about-us/mountain-pass/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1219/ (including information on outcrops in the wider area)
http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/fieldtrips/mtp/mtnpass.htm
http://wheretofindrocks.com/collecting-rare-earth-minerals-near-mountain-pass-between-las-vegas-and-los-angeles/
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5220/pdf/SIR2010-5220.pdf (Long, et al PDF)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-yttrium.pdf (mine reopening in 2018)
Localities in this Region
- California
- San Bernardino Co.
- Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
- Mountain Pass District
- Mountain Pass
- Mountain Pass District
- Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
- San Bernardino Co.
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts, San Bernardino Co., California, USA