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Nyanza Province, Kenyai
Regional Level Types
Nyanza ProvinceProvince
KenyaCountry

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Locality type:
Other Languages:
French:
Nyanza, Kenya
German:
Nyanza, Kenia
Italian:
provincia di Nyanza, Kenya
Russian:
Ньянза, Кения
Simplified Chinese:
尼扬扎省, 肯尼亚
Spanish:
Nyanza, Kenia
Swahili:
Mkoa wa Nyanza, Kenya
Arabic:
نيانزا , كينيا
Belarusian:
Ньянза , Кенія
Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):
Ньянза, Кенія
Bengali:
নায়ানজা প্রদেশ, কেনিয়া
Breton:
Nyanza, Kenya
Bulgarian:
Нянза, Кения
Catalan:
província de Nyanza, Kenya
Danish:
Nyanzaprovinsen, Kenya
Dutch:
Nyanza, Kenia
Esperanto:
Provinco Nyanza, Kenjo
Farsi/Persian:
استان نیانزا, کنیا
Finnish:
Nyanzan lääni, Kenia
Georgian:
ნიანზის პროვინცია, კენია
Greek:
Νυάνζα, Κένυα
Gujarati:
ન્યાનઝા પ્રાંત, કેન્યા
Hindi:
नियांज़ा प्रांत, कीनिया
Hungarian:
Nyanza tartomány, Kenya
Indonesian:
Provinsi Nyanza, Kenya
Japanese:
ニャンザ州, ケニア
Kannada:
ನ್ಯಾನ್ಜಾ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ, ಕೀನ್ಯಾ
Korean:
니안자 주, 케냐
Latvian:
Ņanzas province, Kenija
Lithuanian:
Njanzos provincija, Kenija
Malay:
Nyanza Province, Kenya
Marathi:
न्यानझा प्रांत, केनिया
Norwegian:
Nyanza Province, Kenya
Polish:
Prowincja Nyanza, Kenia
Portuguese:
Nyanza, Quénia
Romanian:
Provincia Nyanza, Kenya
Serbian:
Њанза провинција, Кенија
Sinhalese:
එන්යන්සා පළාත, කෙන්යාව
Swedish:
Nyanzaprovinsen, Kenya
Tamil:
நயன்சா மாகாணம், கென்யா
Telugu:
న్యాంజా ప్రావిన్స్, కెన్యా
Thai:
จังหวัดนยันซ่า, ประเทศเคนย่า
Turkish:
Nyanza Province, Kenya
Ukrainian:
Провінція Ньянза, Кенія
Urdu:
نیانزا صوبہ, کینیا
Vietnamese:
Nyanza, Kenya
Western Punjabi:
نیانزی, کینیا


A former province of Kenya that was replaced by the following counties in 2013: Siaya; Kisumu; Homa Bay; Migori; Kisii; and Nyamira.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

37 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135. Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Alkali Feldspar'
Reference: Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
'Alkali pyroxene'
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
Andradite var. Melanite
Formula: Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Reference: Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
'Barkevikite'
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Bismuth
Formula: Bi
Reference: Ogola, J. S. (1987). Mineralization in the Migori greenstone belt, Macalder, western Kenya. Geological journal, 22(S2), 25-44.
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.; USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Eugsterite (TL)
Formula: Na4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Reference: Vergouwen, L. (1981) Eugsterite, a new salt mineral. American Mineralogist, 66, 632-636.
'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Feldspar Group'
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
Reference: Nyamai, C.M., Haapala, I. (2000) A Comparison of the uncompahgrite and turjaite mineralogy (phlogopite, melilite, etc.) of the south Nyanza district, western Kenya, with similar rock complexes in Asia, Australia and America. China & East Asia 2000 Symposium.
'Glass'
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Gold
Formula: Au
Reference: Ogola, J. S. (1987). Mineralization in the Migori greenstone belt, Macalder, western Kenya. Geological journal, 22(S2), 25-44.
Götzenite
Formula: NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages. USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
'K Feldspar'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Rosatelli, G., Wall, F., Le Bas, M.J. (2003) Potassic glass and calcite carbonatite in lapilli from extrusive carbonatites at Rangwa Caldera Complex, Kenya. Mineralogical Magazine, 67:5, 931-955.
'Limonite'
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Magnesio-arfvedsonite
Formula: {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Mica Group'
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Nyamai, C.M., Haapala, I. (2000) A Comparison of the uncompahgrite and turjaite mineralogy (phlogopite, melilite, etc.) of the south Nyanza district, western Kenya, with similar rock complexes in Asia, Australia and America. China & East Asia 2000 Symposium.
Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Nyamai, C.M., Haapala, I. (2000) A Comparison of the uncompahgrite and turjaite mineralogy (phlogopite, melilite, etc.) of the south Nyanza district, western Kenya, with similar rock complexes in Asia, Australia and America. China & East Asia 2000 Symposium.
Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Nyerereite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2
Reference: Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Richterite
Formula: {Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Reference: Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
Reference: Onuonga, I.O., Fallick, A.E., Bowden, P. (1997) The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25:1, 103-113. Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Reference: Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611
Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
Reference: Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Gold1.AA.05Au
Group 3 - Halides
Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Perovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Ankerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Nyerereite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Eugsterite (TL)7.CD.25Na4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Hydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Group 9 - Silicates
Aegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
Aegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
var. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
var. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Analcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Andradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
var. Melanite9.AD.25Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Arfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Augite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Cancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
Eudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Forsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
Götzenite9.BE.22NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Magnesio-arfvedsonite9.DE.25{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Nepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Orthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Richterite9.DE.20{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Sodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
'Alkali Feldspar'-
'Alkali pyroxene'-
'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
'Barkevikite'-
'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
'Feldspar Group'-
'Glass'-
'K Feldspar'-KAlSi3O8
'Limonite'-
'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
'Mica Group'-
'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H EugsteriteNa4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
H PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
H ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
H AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
H Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
H Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
H Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
H Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
H Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
H HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
H Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
H Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
H Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
CCarbon
C Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
C CalciteCaCO3
C Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
C NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
C Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
C Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
C Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
C SideriteFeCO3
C AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
C SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
OOxygen
O EugsteriteNa4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
O Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
O NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
O DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
O Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
O PerovskiteCaTiO3
O PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
O TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
O ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
O Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
O AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
O Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
O Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
O Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
O Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
O Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
O SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
O WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
O AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
O MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
O CalciteCaCO3
O Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
O Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
O Andradite var. MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
O Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
O MonaziteREE(PO4)
O BaryteBaSO4
O Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
O AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
O HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
O Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
O NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
O ForsteriteMg2SiO4
O Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
O EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
O GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
O Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
O Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
O FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
O K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
O OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
O SideriteFeCO3
O AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
O HematiteFe2O3
O QuartzSiO2
O Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
O SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
FFluorine
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
F ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
F Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
F FluoriteCaF2
F Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
F GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
F Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
F FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
F SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
NaSodium
Na EugsteriteNa4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
Na NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Na Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Na AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Na Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Na Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Na Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Na SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Na AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Na AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Na Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Na Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Na NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Na EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Na GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Na Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Na Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
MgMagnesium
Mg DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mg Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mg PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mg Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Mg Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mg Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mg Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mg ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mg AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Al NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Al Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Al PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Al AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Al Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Al Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Al Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Al Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Al SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Al AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Al MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Al Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Al K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Al OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
SiSilicon
Si Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Si NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Si DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Si Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Si PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Si TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Si Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Si AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Si Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Si Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Si Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Si Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Si SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Si WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Si AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Si AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Si MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Si Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Si Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Si Andradite var. MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Si AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Si Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Si ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Si Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Si GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Si Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Si K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Si OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Si QuartzSiO2
Si Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
PPhosphorus
P ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
P MonaziteREE(PO4)
P Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
P HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
P Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
P FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
SSulfur
S EugsteriteNa4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
S BaryteBaSO4
S Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Cl ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Cl Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Cl SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Cl EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
KPotassium
K NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
K PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
K MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
K Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
K OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Ca EugsteriteNa4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O
Ca Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Ca DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Ca Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Ca PerovskiteCaTiO3
Ca TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Ca ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Ca Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Ca Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Ca Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Ca Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Ca WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca Richterite{Na}{NaCa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Ca Andradite var. MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Ca Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Ca AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Ca HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Ca Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Ca FluoriteCaF2
Ca NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Ca EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Ca GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Ca Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Ca Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Ca FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Ca AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Ca SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
TiTitanium
Ti PerovskiteCaTiO3
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Ti TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Ti Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Ti Andradite var. MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Ti GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
MnManganese
Mn Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Fe Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Fe Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Fe Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Fe Andradite var. MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
Fe AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Fe Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Fe EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Fe SideriteFeCO3
Fe AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Fe HematiteFe2O3
Fe Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
YYttrium
Y Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Y SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ZrZirconium
Zr EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
NbNiobium
Nb Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
BaBarium
Ba BaryteBaSO4
CeCerium
Ce Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ce SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
NdNeodymium
Nd Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Nd SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
AuGold
Au GoldAu
BiBismuth
Bi BismuthBi

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Cenozoic : 12.7 ± 0.6 Ma to 1.3 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Quaternary
   Pleistocene
ⓘ Biotite (youngest age)1.3 MaHoma Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenya
    
   
  Neogene
   Miocene
ⓘ Biotite (oldest age)12 MaHoma Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenya
ⓘ Søvite12.7 ± 0.6 MaSokolo Point Carbonatite, Wasaki Peninsula Carbonatites, Homa Bay County, Kenya

Fossils

There are 14 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences168
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed28.1 Ma (Oligocene)
Stratigraphic UnitsClick here to view 7 stratigraphic units.
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Gastropoda
class
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Aves
class
Animalia : Chordata : Aves28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Carnivora
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Trionyx
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Trionyx13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Testudinidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Agamidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Agamidae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Gekkonidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Gekkonidae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Crocodylus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Euthecodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Euthecodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Rhynchocyon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Rhynchocyon28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Insectivora
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Insectivora28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Amphechinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae : Amphechinus20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Prochrysochloris
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Prochrysochloris20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Chiroptera
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Progalago
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Lorisidae : Progalago20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Hominoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominoidea20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Dendropithecus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Pliopithecidae : Dendropithecus20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Creodonta
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Creodonta28.1 - 11.62 Ma
Cenozoic
Hyaenodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Hyaenodon20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Teratodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Teratodon28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Canidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Rodentia
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Vulcanisciurus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Vulcanisciurus20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Afrocricetodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Afrocricetodon20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Notocricetodon
genus
Cricetodontidae : Notocricetodon20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paratarsomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae : Paratarsomys20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pedetidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Pedetidae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Megapedetes
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Pedetidae : Megapedetes28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Paranomalurus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Anomaluridae : Paranomalurus28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Bathyergoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergoididae : Bathyergoides28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Phiomyidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paraphiomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Paraphiomys28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Epiphiomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Epiphiomys20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Diamantomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Diamantomys20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Simonimys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Kenyamyidae : Simonimys20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Elmerimys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Myophiomyidae : Elmerimys20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Kubanochoerus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kubanochoerus20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Anthracotheriidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anthracotheriidae28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Ruminantia
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Ruminantia20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Tragulidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Bovidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Chalicotheriidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Chalicotheriidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Chalicotherium
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Chalicotheriidae : Chalicotherium20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Rhinocerotidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae23.03 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Proboscidea
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Choerolophodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Choerolophodon13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Orycteropus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus28.1 - 15.97 Ma
Cenozoic
Ophidia
suborder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Ophidia20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Diplopoda
class
Animalia : Arthropoda : Diplopoda20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pythonidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Zygolophodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Mammutidae : Zygolophodon28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Equatorius africanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Equatorius : Equatorius africanus23.03 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Prodeinotherium hobleyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Prodeinotherium : Prodeinotherium hobleyi13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Megalochoerus khinzikebirus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Megalochoerus : Megalochoerus khinzikebirus13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Chilotheridium pattersoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Chilotheridium : Chilotheridium pattersoni13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Kulutherium kenyensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Kulutherium : Kulutherium kenyensis23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Maizania
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Maizaniidae : Maizania28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Pelusios
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelusios13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Dorcatherium pigotti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae : Dorcatherium : Dorcatherium pigotti13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Kalepithecus songhorensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Kalepithecus : Kalepithecus songhorensis20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Proconsul meswae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Proconsulidae : Proconsul : Proconsul meswae28.1 - 23.03 Ma
Cenozoic
Proconsul major
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Proconsulidae : Proconsul : Proconsul major20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Brochuchus pigotti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Brochuchus : Brochuchus pigotti23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orycteropus crassidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus crassidens2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Myorycteropus africanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Myorycteropus africanus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orycteropus chemeldoi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus chemeldoi15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Copris leakeyorum
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Copris : Copris leakeyorum20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Metacatharsius rusingae
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Metacatharsius : Metacatharsius rusingae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla leakeyi
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Oecophylla : Oecophylla leakeyi20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Teratodon spekei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Teratodon : Teratodon spekei23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pterodon nyanzae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Pterodon : Pterodon nyanzae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) andrewsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyaenodontidae : Hyaenodon : Hyaenodon (Isohyaenodon) andrewsi23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Hecubides euryodon
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Cynelos : Hecubides euryodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Kichechia zamanae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Kichechia : Kichechia zamanae20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Phiomys andrewsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae : Phiomys : Phiomys andrewsi20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Lavocatomys aequatorialis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Lavocatomys : Lavocatomys aequatorialis20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Limicolaria
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Achatinidae : Limicolaria20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Africanictis schmidtkittleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Africanictis : Africanictis schmidtkittleri23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Eubelum rusingaense
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Isopoda : Eubelidae : Eubelum : Eubelum rusingaense20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paraphiomys pigotti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Paraphiomys : Paraphiomys pigotti20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Dorcatherium chappuisi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae : Dorcatherium : Dorcatherium chappuisi13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Dorcatherium songhorensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae : Dorcatherium : Dorcatherium songhorensis20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Aegypius monachus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Aegypius : Aegypius monachus15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Accipiter tachiro
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Accipiter : Accipiter tachiro20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Listriodon akatikubas
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Listriodon : Listriodon akatikubas13.82 - 11.62 Ma
Miocene
Walangania africanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hoplitomerycidae : Walangania : Walangania africanus20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Limnopithecus evansi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Limnopithecus : Limnopithecus evansi20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 14 fossil localities

References

Sort by

Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Ogola, J. S. (1993). Geology and mineral resources of Nyanza province, western Kenya. Geological Society of Africa (GSA, Special Issue), 407-432.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanza_Province
Wikidata ID:Q38589
GeoNames ID:182763

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Africa
African Plate
Kenya
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
Tanzania

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