N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| N'Chwaning III Mine | Mine |
| N'Chwaning Mines | Group of Mines |
| Kuruman | Town |
| Kalahari manganese field | Ore Field |
| Northern Cape | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
27° South , 22° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~1km
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Development of this mine was initiated in 1997 although production did not commence until 2004 and by 2006 the mine became fully operational.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
27 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 2 erroneous literature entries.
Detailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Aluminosugilite Formula: KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 Reference: Frank K. Mazdab collection: "Al-dominant analog of sugilite", sugilite, and associated minerals in thin section [thin section FKM-173] https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-173 |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Description: Andradite from this mine is mentioned in the Cairncross reference (2013) as a general comment on page 151. Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues .. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa; Jesse Crawford |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Reference: Pierre Rondelez |
| ⓘ Formula: Mn3+2O3 Description: Entry was based on dealer photo, reference (Cairncross 2014) for recent finds does not record this mineral at this mine but does confirm finds from N'Chwaning II mine in recent years 2010/2011. Reference: Van King |
ⓘ Braunite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 Reference: Jordi Fabre specimen |
ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Reference: Pierre Rondelez specimens. |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Jordi Fabre specimen |
ⓘ Calcite var: Manganoan Calcite Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3 Reference: Geoff Krasnov collection |
ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Description: Discovered at this mine in October 2009 and April 2010 (Cairncross and Beukes 2013). Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues .. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa. |
ⓘ Despujolsite Formula: Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Description: Rob Lavinsky (specimens analyzed by Dr. Robert Downs - University of Arizona)
Despujolsite is said to be first discovered at this mine in late 2010. Earlier finds 2005/2006 came from N'Chwaning II mine (Cairncross 2013). Reference: Barkley M C, Yang H, Evans S H, Downs R T, Origlieri M J (2011) Redetermination of despujolsite, Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O. Acta Crystallographica E67, i47-i48; Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues ... Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa |
| ⓘ Ettringite Formula: Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O Description: A specimen from the recent jouravskite find in 2016 which has been analysed by SEM and microprobe has aluminium present and as such is ettringite. Reference: Debbie Woolf - Bruce Cairncross private communication |
| ⓘ Formula: Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 Description: Members photo used as reference is erroneous, the specimen is from N'Chwaning II mine, gaudefroyite has not been recorded from the # III mine. (Debbie Woolf) |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Description: Goethite coating and partly replacing kutnahorite associated with fluorescent calcite, came from this mine in 2010. Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues ... Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa |
| ⓘ Hausmannite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2O4 Reference: Cairncross, B., and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues ... Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa |
ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: Danny Jones |
ⓘ Jouravskite Formula: Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O Description: A specimen from the recent jouravskite find in 2016 which has been analysed by SEM and microprobe has aluminium present and as such is ettringite. Reference: In the collection of Brent Thorne. Acquired from Rob Lavinsky. |
ⓘ Lipuite (TL) Formula: KNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Xie, X., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Evans, S.H. and Downs, R.T. (2015) Lipuite, IMA 2014-085. CNMNC Newsletter No. 23, February 2015, page 58; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 51-58. |
| ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides' Reference: Geoff Krasnov collection |
ⓘ Manganvesuvianite Formula: Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Reference: Jesse Crawford |
ⓘ Olmiite Formula: CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) Reference: P.Rondelez |
ⓘ Oyelite Formula: Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O Reference: Van King |
| ⓘ Pectolite Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH) Fluorescence: cathodoluminescence: pale yellow CL cores and bright yellow CL thin rims Description: abundant crystals within quartz segregations in sugilite-rich rock Reference: Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-173) |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Geoff Krasnov collection |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: Quartz var Amethyst erroneously reported here, from a dealer label, they were found at N'Chwaning II mine as documented. |
ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 Reference: Dan Weinrich photo |
ⓘ Saccoite (TL) Formula: Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) Type Locality: Reference: Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Topa, D., Gutzmer, J., Von Bezing, K.-L. (2019): Saccoite, IMA 2019-056. CNMNC Newsletter No. 52; Mineralogical Magazine: 83; https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.73; http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=15946 |
ⓘ Strontioruizite (TL) Formula: Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Cairncross, B., Gu, X., Yong, T. and Downs, R.T. (2017) Strontioruizite, IMA 2017-045. CNMNC Newsletter No. 39, October 2017, page 1280; Mineralogical Magazine; 81: 1279–1286 |
ⓘ Sturmanite Formula: Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O Reference: Van King |
ⓘ Sugilite Formula: KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Xie, X., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Evans, S.H. and Downs, R.T. (2015) Lipuite, IMA 2014-085. CNMNC Newsletter No. 23, February 2015, page 58; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 51-58. |
ⓘ Taniajacoite (TL) Formula: SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O Type Locality: Reference: Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T. and Xie, X. (2015) Taniajacoite, IMA 2014-107. CNMNC Newsletter No. 25, June 2015, page 531; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 529-535. |
| ⓘ Xonotlite Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 Description: In association with jouravskite. Reference: In the collection of Brent Thorne. Acquired from Rob Lavinsky. |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Bixbyite ? | 4.CB.10 | Mn3+2O3 |
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hausmannite | 4.BB.10 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | var: Manganoan Calcite | 5.AB.05 | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Gaudefroyite ? | 6.AB.60 | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Despujolsite | 7.DF.25 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Ettringite | 7.DG.15 | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| ⓘ | Jouravskite | 7.DG.15 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Sturmanite | 7.DG.15 | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Aluminosugilite | 9.CM.9.CM. | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Braunite | 9.AG.05 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| ⓘ | Manganvesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Olmiite | 9.AF.90 | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| ⓘ | Oyelite | 9.HA.80 | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Sugilite | 9.CM.05 | KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| ⓘ | Xonotlite | 9.DG.35 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Lipuite (TL) | - | KNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | Saccoite (TL) | - | Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| ⓘ | Strontioruizite (TL) | - | Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Taniajacoite (TL) | - | SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2 | |||
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.12.1.1 | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
| A2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Bixbyite ? | 4.3.7.2 | Mn3+2O3 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
| Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
| XO(OH) | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 6.1.1.2 | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| X(OH)2 | |||
| ⓘ | Brucite | 6.2.1.1 | Mg(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
| AB2X4 | |||
| ⓘ | Hausmannite | 7.2.7.1 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| (AB)2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Braunite | 7.5.1.3 | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 14.1.1.4 | MnCO3 |
| Group 27 - COMPOUND BORATES | |||
| Miscellaneous | |||
| ⓘ | Gaudefroyite ? | 27.1.2.1 | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 28.3.1.1 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 28.3.1.2 | SrSO4 |
| Group 31 - HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Despujolsite | 31.7.6.1 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Miscellaneous | |||
| ⓘ | Ettringite | 31.10.2.1 | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| Group 32 - COMPOUND SULFATES | |||
| Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen | |||
| ⓘ | Jouravskite | 32.4.4.3 | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| ⓘ | Sturmanite | 32.4.4.2 | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Andradite | 51.4.3b.1 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| Group 63 - CYCLOSILICATES Condensed Rings | |||
| Condensed Rings (Milarite - Osumilite group) | |||
| ⓘ | Sugilite | 63.2.1a.9 | KNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3 | |||
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 65.2.1.4a | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Group 66 - INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2) | |||
| Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup | |||
| ⓘ | Xonotlite | 66.3.1.1 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Group 72 - PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 3-, 4-, or 5-membered rings and 8-membered rings | |||
| ⓘ | Oyelite | 72.3.2.8 | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Aluminosugilite | - | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| ⓘ | Calcite var: Manganoan Calcite | - | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Lipuite (TL) | - | KNa8Mn3+5 Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | Manganvesuvianite | - | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Olmiite | - | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| ⓘ | Saccoite (TL) | - | Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| ⓘ | Strontioruizite (TL) | - | Sr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Taniajacoite (TL) | - | SrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| H | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| H | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| H | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Li | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| B | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite (var: Manganoan Calcite) | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| C | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| O | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite (var: Manganoan Calcite) | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| O | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| O | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| O | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Bixbyite | Mn23+O3 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Na | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Si | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| S | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| S | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| K | ⓘ Aluminosugilite | KNa2Al2Li3Si12O30 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite (var: Manganoan Calcite) | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Lipuite | KNa8Mn53+ Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Saccoite | Ca2Mn23+F(OH)8·0.5(SO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Braunite | Mn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8 |
| Mn | ⓘ Calcite (var: Manganoan Calcite) | (Ca,Mn)CO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(☐4)☐[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mn | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Bixbyite | Mn23+O3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Sturmanite | Ca6(Fe3+,Al,Mn3+)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Sugilite | KNa2Fe23+(Li3Si12)O30 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Taniajacoite | SrCaMn23+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Strontioruizite | Sr2Mn23+Si4O11(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Cairncross, B. and Beukes, N. J., (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the adventure continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
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N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape, South Africa