Kota-Kota meteorite (Marimba meteorite), Nkhotakota, Central Region, Malawii
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Kota-Kota meteorite (Marimba meteorite) | Meteorite Fall Location |
Nkhotakota | District |
Central Region | Region |
Malawi | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
13° 1' South , 34° 12' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Meteorite Class:
Meteoritical Society Class:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Nkhotakota | 24,865 (2011) | 14.4km |
Enstatite Chondrite, high-iron (EH3; S4)
1905 find, 334 g, weathered
A stone ‘from the sky’ was presented to a district commissioner and after eventually reaching the Acting Commissioner for British Central African Office in 1905, the stone was duly transferred to the British Museum. In 1914 Prior noted the presence of chondrules, pyroxene, and rust. He further stated: “Owing to the weathered and rusted condition of the stone no chemical analysis was made, as it would have been of little value.”
The Enstatite Chondrite Class is defined by specific elemental ratios and by earthlike isotopic ratios. Mineralogically Enstatite Chondrites are characterized by the presence of iron-poor Enstatite, Fe-Ni metal, and a number of very reduced mineral phases (sulfides, nitrides, silicides) which are either unknown or very rare in terrestrial settings. The EH (high iron) chemical group is further characterized by abundant iron (~10-20 vol%) and the mineral niningerite. Type EH3 chondrites, the most abundant EH petrologic type, often contain perryite as well. They are additionally characterized by abundant chondrules, low degrees of aqueous alteration, and unequilibrated mineral assemblages. Kota-Kota’s Shock level [S4] indicates strong pre-terrestrial shock — a frequent complication in interpreting Enstatite Chondrite metamorphic histories. As the extremely reduced mineralogy of Enstatite meteorites makes several phases particularly susceptible to destructive weathering, it is all the more remarkable that the previously unknown mineral Djerfisherite, an alkali-containing sulfide, was discovered in 1965 amidst the chondrules, pyroxenes, and rust.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
12 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Meteorite/Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Clinoenstatite Formula: MgSiO3 Reference: Mason, B. (1966) The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 30: 23-30. |
ⓘ Daubréelite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2S4 Reference: Keil, K. (1968) Zincian daubreelite from the Kota-Kota and St. Mark's enstatite chondrites. American Mineralogist: 53: 491-495.; Keil, K. (1968) Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research: 73(22): 6945-6976. |
ⓘ Djerfisherite (TL) Formula: K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl Type Locality: Reference: Fuchs, L.H. (1966) Djerfisherite, alkali copper–iron sulfide: a new mineral from enstatite chondrites. Science: 153: 166–167.; Czamanske, G.K., Erd, R.C., Sokolova, M.N., Dobovol’skaya, M.G., Dmitrieva, M.T. (1979) New data on rasvumite and djerfisherite. American Mineralogist: 64: 776-778. |
ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Reference: Prinz, M.; Nehru, C. E.; Weisberg, M. K.; Delaney, J. S. (1984). Type 3 Enstatite Chondrites: a Newly Recognized Group of Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites (uec's). LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE XV, pp. 653-654. Abstract. |
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Prinz, M.; Nehru, C. E.; Weisberg, M. K.; Delaney, J. S. (1984). Type 3 Enstatite Chondrites: a Newly Recognized Group of Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites (uec's). LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE XV, pp. 653-654. Abstract. |
ⓘ 'Glass' Description: plagioclase composition,variable yet highly albitic [shock melting likely] Reference: Prinz, M., Nehru, C. E., Weisberg, M. K., & Delaney, J. S. (1984) Type 3 Enstatite Chondrites: a Newly Recognized Group of Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites (uec's) [abstract], Lunar and Planetary Science XV, pp. 653-654. |
ⓘ Iron Formula: Fe Reference: Keil, K. (1968). Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research 73 (22): 6945-6976. (Nov 1968); Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite Formula: (Fe,Ni) Reference: Keil, K. (1968). Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research 73 (22): 6945-6976. (Nov 1968); Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
ⓘ Niningerite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S Reference: LEITCH, C.A. & SMITH, J.V. (1982): Petrography, mineral chemistry and origin of Type I enstatite chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46, 2083-2097. |
ⓘ Oldhamite Formula: (Ca,Mg)S Reference: Keil, K. (1968) Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research: 73(22): 6945-6976. |
ⓘ Perryite Formula: (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 Reference: Reed, S.J.B. (1968) Perryite in the Kota-Kota and South Oman enstatite chondrites. Mineralogical Magazine: 36: 850-854. |
ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Reference: Prinz, M.; Nehru, C. E.; Weisberg, M. K.; Delaney, J. S. (1984). Type 3 Enstatite Chondrites: a Newly Recognized Group of Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites (uec's). LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE XV, pp. 653-654. Abstract. |
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Reference: Prinz, M.; Nehru, C. E.; Weisberg, M. K.; Delaney, J. S. (1984). Type 3 Enstatite Chondrites: a Newly Recognized Group of Unequilibrated Enstatite Chondrites (uec's). LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE XV, pp. 653-654. Abstract. |
ⓘ Roedderite Formula: KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 Reference: Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
ⓘ Schreibersite Formula: (Fe,Ni)3P Reference: Keil, K. (1968) Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research: 73(22): 6945-6976. |
ⓘ Tridymite Formula: SiO2 Reference: Mason, B. (1966) The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 30: 23-30. |
ⓘ Troilite Formula: FeS Reference: Mason, B. (1966) The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 30: 23-30. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
ⓘ | var. Kamacite | 1.AE.05 | (Fe,Ni) |
ⓘ | Perryite | 1.BB.10 | (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 |
ⓘ | Schreibersite | 1.BD.05 | (Fe,Ni)3P |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Daubréelite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2S4 |
ⓘ | Djerfisherite (TL) | 2.FC.05 | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
ⓘ | Niningerite | 2.CD.10 | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
ⓘ | Oldhamite | 2.CD.10 | (Ca,Mg)S |
ⓘ | Troilite | 2.CC.10 | FeS |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Tridymite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Clinoenstatite | 9.DA.10 | MgSiO3 |
ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
ⓘ | Roedderite | 9.CM.05 | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Glass' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
O | Oxygen | |
---|---|---|
O | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
O | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | ⓘ Roedderite | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Na | ⓘ Roedderite | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Niningerite | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
Mg | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
Mg | ⓘ Oldhamite | (Ca,Mg)S |
Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Roedderite | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Perryite | (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 |
Si | ⓘ Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
Si | ⓘ Tridymite | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | ⓘ Roedderite | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Perryite | (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 |
P | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
S | ⓘ Niningerite | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
S | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
S | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
S | ⓘ Oldhamite | (Ca,Mg)S |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
K | ⓘ Roedderite | KNaMg2(Mg3Si12)O30 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Oldhamite | (Ca,Mg)S |
Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Cr | Chromium | |
Cr | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | ⓘ Niningerite | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
Fe | ⓘ Perryite | (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Niningerite | (Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+)S |
Fe | ⓘ Troilite | FeS |
Fe | ⓘ Daubréelite | Fe2+Cr23+S4 |
Fe | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
Fe | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
Fe | ⓘ Iron | Fe |
Ni | Nickel | |
Ni | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
Ni | ⓘ Perryite | (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2 |
Ni | ⓘ Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
Ni | ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Prior, G. T. (1914) The Meteorites of Uwet, Kota Kota, and Angela: redeterminations of nickel and iron in the Baroti and Wittekrantz meteoric stones. Mineralogical Magazine 17 (80): 127-134 & 2 plates.
Mason, B. H. (1966). The Enstatite Chondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 30, 23-30. (Jan 1966)
Fuchs, L.H. (1966) Djerfisherite, alkali copper–iron sulfide: a new mineral from enstatite chondrites. Science: 153: 166–167.
Reed, S.J.B. (1968) Perryite in the Kota-Kota and South Oman Enstatite Chondrites. Mineralogical Magazine: 36(282): 850-854.
Keil, K. (1968) Zincian daubreelite from the Kota-Kota and St. Mark's enstatite chondrites. American Mineralogist: 53: 491-495.
Keil, K. (1968). Mineralogical and Chemical Relationships among the Enstatite Chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research 73 (22): 6945-6976. (Nov 1968)
Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA.
Grady, M. M. (2000). Catalogue of Meteorites (5/e). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, New York, Oakleigh, Madrid, Cape Town. 690 pages.
External Links
Prior (1914) Mineral. Mag., 17 [http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_17/17-80-127.pdf]
Reed (1968) Mineral. Mag., 36 [http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_36/36-282-850.pdf]
Keil (1968) Am. Mineral., 53, 491-495 [http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM53/AM53_491.pdf]
Reed (1968) Mineral. Mag., 36 [http://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_36/36-282-850.pdf]
Keil (1968) Am. Mineral., 53, 491-495 [http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM53/AM53_491.pdf]
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