Grotta della Monaca, Sant'Agata di Esaro, Cosenza Province, Calabria, Italyi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Grotta della Monaca | - not defined - |
| Sant'Agata di Esaro | - not defined - |
| Cosenza Province | Province |
| Calabria | Region |
| Italy | Country |
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 37' 40'' North , 15° 58' 32'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Sant'Agata di Esaro | 1,120 (2014) | 0.9km |
| Fravitta | 260 (2014) | 3.9km |
| Sangineto | 484 (2014) | 5.8km |
| San Sosti | 1,269 (2014) | 5.8km |
| Vaditari | 279 (2014) | 6.6km |
Other Languages:
Italian:
Grotta della Monaca, Provincia di Cosenza, Calabria, Italia
Fe and Cu mineral outcrops in karstic cave mined in prehistoric times.
Grotta della Monaca, located in the upper Esaro Valley (on Esaro River hydrographic left) at an elevation of 600 m asl, is a large cave system composed of galleries, chambers and narrow passages having an overall extension of about 400 metres. The cave has been divided into three main sectors: the "Pregrotta", a wide entrance gallery; the so-called "Sala dei pipistrelli", a huge chamber in the middle of the cave system; the "Cunicoli terminali", a series of low and narrow final passages.
Regions containing this locality
| Eurasian Plate | Tectonic Plate |
| Europe | Continent |
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Reference: Larocca, F., (ed.), (2005): La miniera pre-protostorica di Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza). Centro Regionale di Speleologia “Enzo dei Medici“, Roseto Capo Spulico, 98 pp.; Geniola, A., Larocca, F., and Vurro, F. (2006) Approvvigionamento di risorse minerarie nella Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro - Cosenza). In: Cocchi Genick, D., (ed.), (2006), Materie prime e scambi nella preistoria italiana. Atti della XXXIX Riunione Scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, 25-27 novembre 2004. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. III, 1349-1359. |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Reference: Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Larocca, F., (ed.), (2005): La miniera pre-protostorica di Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza). Centro Regionale di Speleologia “Enzo dei Medici“, Roseto Capo Spulico, 98 pp.; Geniola, A., Larocca, F., and Vurro, F. (2006) Approvvigionamento di risorse minerarie nella Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro - Cosenza). In: Cocchi Genick, D., (ed.), (2006), Materie prime e scambi nella preistoria italiana. Atti della XXXIX Riunione Scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, 25-27 novembre 2004. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. III, 1349-1359. |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| ⓘ Hydroxylapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH) Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| ⓘ Libethenite Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH) Reference: Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Formula: (Fe,O,OH,H2O) Reference: Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Reference: Larocca, F., (ed.), (2005): La miniera pre-protostorica di Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza). Centro Regionale di Speleologia “Enzo dei Medici“, Roseto Capo Spulico, 98 pp.; Geniola, A., Larocca, F., and Vurro, F. (2006) Approvvigionamento di risorse minerarie nella Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro - Cosenza). In: Cocchi Genick, D., (ed.), (2006), Materie prime e scambi nella preistoria italiana. Atti della XXXIX Riunione Scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, 25-27 novembre 2004. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. III, 1349-1359. |
| ⓘ Sampleite Formula: NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O Reference: Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256. |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Reference: Garavelli, A., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Mellini, F., Viti, C., Balić-Žunić, T., and Della Ventura, G. (2009) Yukonite from the Grotta della Monaca cave, Sant’Agata di Esaro, Italy: characterization and comparison with cotype material from the Daulton mine, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 47, 39-51. |
| ⓘ Yukonite Formula: Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O Reference: Garavelli, A., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Mellini, F., Viti, C., Balić-Žunić, T., and Della Ventura, G. (2009) Yukonite from the Grotta della Monaca cave, Sant’Agata di Esaro, Italy: characterization and comparison with cotype material from the Daulton mine, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 47, 39-51. |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Libethenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Sampleite | 8.DG.05 | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Yukonite | 8.DM.25 | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A2X3 | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
| Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
| XO(OH) | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 6.1.1.2 | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 6.1.2.2 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
| A(XO3) | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
| AB(XO3)2 | |||
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 14.2.1.1 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Azurite | 16a.2.1.1 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 16a.3.1.1 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
| AXO4·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 29.6.3.1 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 30.1.3.1 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Group 40 - HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES | |||
| (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 40.4.1.3 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 41 - ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| A2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Libethenite | 41.6.6.2 | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| A5(XO4)3Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite | 41.8.1.3 | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Group 42 - HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Yukonite | 42.8.6.1 | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Sampleite | 42.9.4.1 | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Aragonite | - | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Limonite | (Fe,O,OH,H2O) |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Sampleite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Dimuccio, L.A., Garavelli, A., and Vurro, F. (1999) Minerali metallici di interesse archeometrico della “Grotta della Monaca” (S. Agata d’Esaro - Cs). Plinius, 22, 156-157.
Larocca, F., (ed.), (2005): La miniera pre-protostorica di Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza). Centro Regionale di Speleologia “Enzo dei Medici“, Roseto Capo Spulico, 98 pp.
Geniola, A., Larocca, F., and Vurro, F. (2006) Approvvigionamento di risorse minerarie nella Grotta della Monaca (Sant’Agata di Esaro - Cosenza). In: Cocchi Genick, D., (ed.), (2006), Materie prime e scambi nella preistoria italiana. Atti della XXXIX Riunione Scientifica dell’Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, 25-27 novembre 2004. Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. III, 1349-1359.
Garavelli, A., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Mellini, F., Viti, C., Balić-Žunić, T., and Della Ventura, G. (2009) Yukonite from the Grotta della Monaca cave, Sant’Agata di Esaro, Italy: characterization and comparison with cotype material from the Daulton mine, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist, 47, 39-51.
Larocca, F. (2010) Grotta della Monaca: A prehistoric copper and iron mine in the Calabria region (Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2010), Mining in European History and its Impact on Environment and Human Societies. Proceedings for the 1st Mining in European History-Conference of the SFB HIMAT, Innsbruck, 12.–15. November 2009. Innsbruck University Press, 267-270.
Larocca, F. (2012) Grotta della Monaca (Calabria, Italia Meridionale): Una miniera neolitica per l’estrazione dell’ocra. In: Borrell, M., et al., (eds.), (2012), Xarxes al Neolític. Circulació i intercanvi de materiès, productes i idees a la Mediterrània occidental (VII-III millenni aC). Actes Congrés Internacional, Gavà/Bellaterra, 2-4 febrer 2011. Rubricatum, 5, 249-256.
Garavelli, A., Larocca, F., Levato, C., and Pinto, D. (2012) Prehistoric mines of the Upper Esaro Valley (Calabria, Italy). In: Anreiter, P., et al., (eds.), (2012), The Impact of Historic and Prehistoric Mining Activities on the Environment and Societies in Europe. 2nd Mining in European History Conference. Special Conference of the FZ HiMAT, Innsbruck, 7.–10. November 2012. Conference Guide. Innsbruck University Press, Posters, Section I-IV, 93.
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
Grotta della Monaca, Sant'Agata di Esaro, Cosenza Province, Calabria, Italy