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Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italyi
Regional Level Types
Mount EtnaVolcano
Etna Volcanic ComplexComplex
Metropolitan City of CataniaMetropolitan City
SicilyAutonomous Region
ItalyCountry

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Key
09983730014946422165686.jpg
Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
03744980014946422149232.jpg
Crater on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
06099380014946422247651.jpg
Cinder Cone on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
09983730014946422165686.jpg
Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
03744980014946422149232.jpg
Crater on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
06099380014946422247651.jpg
Cinder Cone on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
09983730014946422165686.jpg
Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
03744980014946422149232.jpg
Crater on Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 45' 3'' North , 14° 59' 38'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
37.75102,14.99402
GeoHash:
G#: sqdwv0q79
GRN:
N26E09
Locality type:
Volcano
Age:
0.4961 ± 0.0431 to 0.0413 ± 0.0031 Ma
Geologic Time:
Pleistocene
Dating method:
Ar/Ar
Reference for age:
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. I
Köppen climate type:
Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Fornazzo161 (2014)10.6km
Caselle108 (2014)10.9km
Milo619 (2014)11.1km
Zafferana Etnea9,214 (2014)12.6km
Sant'Alfio1,512 (2014)12.8km
Name(s) in local language(s):
Monte Etna, Complesso vulcanico dell'Etna, Catania, Sicilia, Italia


Allophane and gypsum in the lavas of 1892 eruption.

Large volcano with a basalt diameter of c. 40 km. It reaches a height of 3315 m and has a volume of c. 500 km³. It is almost continuously active and has been so in historical times and probably for much longer.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

44 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Albite-Anorthite Series'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Allophane
Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Reference: M.E. Ciriotti - 05.06.2008 - Probed
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Anorthoclase'
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
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Aphthitalite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 402.; Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
ⓘ Arcanite
Formula: K2SO4
Reference: Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
ⓘ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180
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Augite, etc.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180
ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.
ⓘ Blödite
Formula: Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Forti, P., Marino, A. (1995) Nota preliminare sul ritrovamento di un nuovo minerale di grotta nei "Pozzi dell'Eruzione del 1923" (SICT1084). In: Atti del 1° Convegno regionale di Speleologia della Sicilia, Ragusa 14-16 Dicembre 1990. Gruppo Grotte Ragusa & Provincia regionale di Ragusa, Ragusa, Volume 1, pages 92-100; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13; Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P., Priolo, G. (2015) Catalogo delle mineralizzazioni secondarie riscontrate all'interno di alcune grotte vulcaniche etnee. In: De Nitto, L., Maurano, F., Parise, M., eds., Atti XXII Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia Euro Speleo Forum 2015 “Condividere i dati”, 2 giugno 2015 Pertosa-Auletta (SA). Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, vol. 29, Sessione documentazione – A1, 99-109.
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Erythrosiderite
Formula: K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
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Fayalite-Forsterite Series, etc.

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
Reference: Van King
ⓘ 'Glass'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
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Gypsum

Pits of the 1923 eruption, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Reference: M.E. Ciriotti - 05.06.2008 - Probed
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ 'Hydrophilite'
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 41; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
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Kaersutite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Kremersite
Formula: (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
Reference: Di Sabatino B. (1977) - Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Magnesioferrite
Formula: MgFe3+2O4
Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 399.
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Mirabilite
Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ Molysite
Formula: FeCl3
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 48; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
ⓘ Natrite
Formula: Na2CO3
Reference: No reference listed
ⓘ Natron
Formula: Na2CO3 · 10H2O
Description: Occurs as an efflorescence on lava.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231.
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
ⓘ Picromerite
Formula: K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ Polyhalite
Formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13.
ⓘ Portlandite
Formula: Ca(OH)2
Reference: Forti, P., Marino, A. (1995) Nota preliminare sul ritrovamento di un nuovo minerale di grotta nei "Pozzi dell'Eruzione del 1923" (SICT1084). In: Atti del 1° Convegno regionale di Speleologia della Sicilia, Ragusa 14-16 Dicembre 1990. Gruppo Grotte Ragusa & Provincia regionale di Ragusa, Ragusa, Volume 1, pages 92-100; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13; Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P., Priolo, G. (2015) Catalogo delle mineralizzazioni secondarie riscontrate all'interno di alcune grotte vulcaniche etnee. In: De Nitto, L., Maurano, F., Parise, M., eds., Atti XXII Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia Euro Speleo Forum 2015 “Condividere i dati”, 2 giugno 2015 Pertosa-Auletta (SA). Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, vol. 29, Sessione documentazione – A1, 99-109.
ⓘ Realgar
Formula: As4S4
Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
ⓘ Rhönite
Formula: Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Salammoniac
Formula: NH4Cl
Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
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Sanidine

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection, 2007
ⓘ Selenium
Formula: Se
Reference: Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano.
ⓘ Sellaite
Formula: MgF2
Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 39; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
ⓘ Siderazot (TL)
Formula: Fe5N2
Type Locality:
Reference: Silvestri O. (1876) La scombinazione chimica (dissociazione) applicata alla interpetrazione di alcuni fenomeni vulcanici; sintesi e analisi di un nuovo minerale trovato sull'Etna e di origine comune nei vulcani. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, 10, 17-27. Silvestri O. (1876) Das Vorkommen des Stickstoffeisens unter den Fumarolen-Producten des Aetna und Künstliche Darstellung dieser Verbindung. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 157, 165-172 Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 126.
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52. Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152. Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London. Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21. Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66. Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57. Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society. Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ Sulphur
Formula: S8
Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume II, John Wiley & Sons, New York: 9; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.; Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
ⓘ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13.
ⓘ 'Thénardite'
Formula: Na2SO4
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13.
ⓘ Trona
Formula: Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Reference: www.cse.speleo.it
ⓘ Tschermigite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 476.
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Xiphonite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
ⓘ 'Xiphonite'
Reference: American Journal of Science, Volume 149 p480
ⓘ 'Zamboninite (of Starraba)'
Reference: Stella Starraba, F. (1930) Zamboninite - una nuova specie minerale. Bolletino della Società Geologica Italiana: 48: 259-263.; Washington, H.S. (1930) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 15: 274-276.

Gallery:

(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6ⓘ Augite
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Augite

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite, etc.

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite, etc.

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Augite, etc.

Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
Fe2O3ⓘ Hematite
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite, etc.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite, etc.

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hematite

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
(Mg,Fe)SiO3ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Hypersthene

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
NH4Clⓘ Salammoniac
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Salammoniac

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
S8ⓘ Sulphur
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy
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Sulphur

Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘSelenium1.CC.10Se
ⓘSiderazot (TL)1.BC.10Fe5N2
ⓘSulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘRealgar2.FA.15aAs4S4
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘAtacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘErythrosiderite3.CJ.10K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘKremersite3.CJ.10(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘMolysite3.AC.10FeCl3
ⓘSalammoniac3.AA.25NH4Cl
ⓘSellaite3.AB.15MgF2
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘMagnesioferrite4.BB.05MgFe3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titaniferous Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘPortlandite4.FE.05Ca(OH)2
ⓘTenorite4.AB.10CuO
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘNatrite5.AA.10Na2CO3
ⓘNatron5.CB.10Na2CO3 · 10H2O
ⓘTrona5.CB.15Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘArcanite7.AD.05K2SO4
ⓘBlödite7.CC.50Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘMascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
ⓘMirabilite7.CD.10Na2SO4 · 10H2O
ⓘPicromerite7.CC.60K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
ⓘPolyhalite7.CC.65K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
ⓘ'Thénardite'7.AC.25Na2SO4
ⓘTschermigite7.CC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘAllophane9.ED.20(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
ⓘ'Anorthoclase'9.FA.30(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘvar. Fassaite9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘvar. Chromium-bearing Diopside9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘvar. Salite9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘRhönite9.DH.40Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ'Albite-Anorthite Series'-
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Hydrophilite'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Xiphonite'-
ⓘ'Zamboninite (of Starraba)'-

List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification

Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
Metals, other than the Platinum Group
ⓘSiderazot (TL)1.1.18.1Fe5N2
Semi-metals and non-metals
ⓘSelenium1.3.4.1Se
ⓘSulphur1.3.5.1S8
Group 2 - SULFIDES
AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
ⓘRealgar2.8.21.1As4S4
Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES
AX
ⓘTenorite4.2.3.1CuO
A2X3
ⓘHematite4.3.1.2Fe2O3
Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
X(OH)2
ⓘPortlandite6.2.1.4Ca(OH)2
Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES
AB2X4
ⓘChromite7.2.3.3Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘMagnesioferrite7.2.2.1MgFe3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite7.2.2.3Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Group 9 - NORMAL HALIDES
AX
ⓘHalite9.1.1.1NaCl
ⓘSalammoniac9.1.3.1NH4Cl
ⓘSylvite9.1.1.2KCl
AX2
ⓘ'Hydrophilite'9.2.7.2
ⓘSellaite9.2.2.1MgF2
AX3
ⓘMolysite9.3.1.1FeCl3
Group 10 - OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
A2(O,OH)3Xq
ⓘAtacamite10.1.1.1Cu2(OH)3Cl
Group 11 - HALIDE COMPLEXES
AmBX5·xH2O
ⓘErythrosiderite11.4.1.1K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
ⓘKremersite11.4.1.2(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Group 13 - ACID CARBONATES
Miscellaneous
ⓘTrona13.1.4.1Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
A(XO3)
ⓘCalcite14.1.1.1CaCO3
Group 15 - HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
A(XO3)·xH2O
ⓘNatron15.1.2.1Na2CO3 · 10H2O
Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
A2XO4
ⓘAphthitalite28.2.2.1(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘArcanite28.2.1.2K2SO4
ⓘMascagnite28.2.1.1(NH4)2SO4
ⓘ'Thénardite'28.2.3.1Na2SO4
Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
A2XO4·xH2O
ⓘMirabilite29.2.2.1Na2SO4 · 10H2O
A2B(XO4)2·xH2O
ⓘBlödite29.3.3.1Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘPicromerite29.3.6.1K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
AmBn(XO4)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 3:2 and > 1:1
ⓘPolyhalite29.4.5.1K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
AB(XO4)2·xH2O
ⓘTschermigite29.5.5.3(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
AXO4·xH2O
ⓘGypsum29.6.3.1CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
(AB)2(XO4)Zq
ⓘAlunite30.2.4.1KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
ⓘForsterite51.3.1.2Mg2SiO4
Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
ⓘAugite65.1.3a.3(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside65.1.3a.1CaMgSi2O6
Group 66 - INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
ⓘKaersutite66.1.3a.18NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Group 69 - INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
ⓘRhönite69.2.1a.5Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
ⓘAllophane71.1.5.1(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
ⓘPhlogopite71.2.2b.1KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks
ⓘAlbite76.1.3.1Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ'Anorthoclase'76.1.1.6(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘSanidine76.1.1.2K(AlSi3O8)
Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
ⓘLeucite76.2.2.1K(AlSi2O6)
ⓘNepheline76.2.1.2Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘSodalite76.2.3.1Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc.
ⓘAlbite
var. Oligoclase		-(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘ'Albite-Anorthite Series'-
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘAugite
var. Fassaite		-(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		-Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘvar. Salite-CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titaniferous Magnetite		-Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘNatrite-Na2CO3
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Xiphonite'-
ⓘ'Zamboninite (of Starraba)'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Hⓘ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Hⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Hⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Hⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Cⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
NNitrogen
Nⓘ SiderazotFe5N2
Nⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Nⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Nⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Nⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
OOxygen
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ TenoriteCuO
Oⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Oⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Oⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Oⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Oⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
FFluorine
Fⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ TronaNa3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Naⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ NatronNa2CO3 · 10H2O
Naⓘ Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Mgⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Mgⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Mgⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Mgⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgⓘ SellaiteMgF2
Mgⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Alⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Alⓘ Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
SiSilicon
Siⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Siⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Sⓘ SulphurS8
Sⓘ RealgarAs4S4
Sⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
ClChlorine
Clⓘ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ MolysiteFeCl3
Clⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Clⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Clⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Kⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Kⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Kⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Kⓘ Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Caⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ PortlanditeCa(OH)2
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Tiⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
FeIron
Feⓘ SiderazotFe5N2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]
Feⓘ Augite var. Fassaite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Feⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ MolysiteFeCl3
Feⓘ Kremersite(NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Feⓘ ErythrosideriteK2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)]
Feⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
CuCopper
Cuⓘ TenoriteCuO
Cuⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
AsArsenic
Asⓘ RealgarAs4S4
SeSelenium
Seⓘ SeleniumSe

References

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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Krebs, S. (1972) ÄTNA 1971. Der Aufschluss, 23, 132-138.
Toutain, J.P., Quisefit, J.P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., Robaye, G. (1995) Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
Brosch, E., Hauzenberger, C.A. (2016) Geochemical investigation of selected lava flows from Mt. Etna (Italy). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 162, 25-46.
Woolley, A. R. (2019, September). Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. Geological Society of London, pp. 37-379.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna
Wikidata ID:Q16990

External Links


Localities in this Region

Italy

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

African PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

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