Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italyi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Mount Etna | Volcano |
Etna Volcanic Complex | Complex |
Metropolitan City of Catania | Metropolitan City |
Sicily | Autonomous Region |
Italy | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
37° 45' 3'' North , 14° 59' 38'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Age:
0.4961 ± 0.0431 to 0.0413 ± 0.0031 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
Ar/Ar
Reference for age:
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. I
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Fornazzo | 161 (2014) | 10.6km |
Caselle | 108 (2014) | 10.9km |
Milo | 619 (2014) | 11.1km |
Zafferana Etnea | 9,214 (2014) | 12.6km |
Sant'Alfio | 1,512 (2014) | 12.8km |
Name(s) in local language(s):
Monte Etna, Complesso vulcanico dell'Etna, Catania, Sicilia, Italia
Allophane and gypsum in the lavas of 1892 eruption.
Large volcano with a basalt diameter of c. 40 km. It reaches a height of 3315 m and has a volume of c. 500 km³. It is almost continuously active and has been so in historical times and probably for much longer.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities44 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Albite-Anorthite Series' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Allophane Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O Reference: M.E. Ciriotti - 05.06.2008 - Probed |
ⓘ Alunite Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Anorthoclase' Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Aphthitalite Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 402.; Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173. |
ⓘ Arcanite Formula: K2SO4 Reference: Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173. |
ⓘ Atacamite Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl Locality: Monti Rossi, Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180 |
ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Localities: Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180 |
ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm. |
ⓘ Blödite Formula: Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Forti, P., Marino, A. (1995) Nota preliminare sul ritrovamento di un nuovo minerale di grotta nei "Pozzi dell'Eruzione del 1923" (SICT1084). In: Atti del 1° Convegno regionale di Speleologia della Sicilia, Ragusa 14-16 Dicembre 1990. Gruppo Grotte Ragusa & Provincia regionale di Ragusa, Ragusa, Volume 1, pages 92-100; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13; Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P., Priolo, G. (2015) Catalogo delle mineralizzazioni secondarie riscontrate all'interno di alcune grotte vulcaniche etnee. In: De Nitto, L., Maurano, F., Parise, M., eds., Atti XXII Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia Euro Speleo Forum 2015 “Condividere i dati”, 2 giugno 2015 Pertosa-Auletta (SA). Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, vol. 29, Sessione documentazione – A1, 99-109. |
ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Erythrosiderite Formula: K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Localities: Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180 |
ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Reference: Van King |
ⓘ 'Glass' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Reference: M.E. Ciriotti - 05.06.2008 - Probed |
ⓘ Halite Formula: NaCl Localities: Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ 'Hydrophilite' Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 41; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ 'Hypersthene' Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Kaersutite Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Kremersite Formula: (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 102; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Leucite Formula: K(AlSi2O6) Reference: Di Sabatino B. (1977) - Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Magnesioferrite Formula: MgFe3+2O4 Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Del Caldo, Moro, Gramaccioli, Boscardin - "Il Collezionista" - Fabbri Editori - pag180 |
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Mascagnite Formula: (NH4)2SO4 Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 399. |
ⓘ 'Mica Group' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Mirabilite Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ Molysite Formula: FeCl3 Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 48; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Natrite Formula: Na2CO3 Reference: No reference listed |
ⓘ Natron Formula: Na2CO3 · 10H2O Description: Occurs as an efflorescence on lava. Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 231. |
ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Picromerite Formula: K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ Polyhalite Formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13. |
ⓘ Portlandite Formula: Ca(OH)2 Reference: Forti, P., Marino, A. (1995) Nota preliminare sul ritrovamento di un nuovo minerale di grotta nei "Pozzi dell'Eruzione del 1923" (SICT1084). In: Atti del 1° Convegno regionale di Speleologia della Sicilia, Ragusa 14-16 Dicembre 1990. Gruppo Grotte Ragusa & Provincia regionale di Ragusa, Ragusa, Volume 1, pages 92-100; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13; Barone, G., Mazzoleni, P., Priolo, G. (2015) Catalogo delle mineralizzazioni secondarie riscontrate all'interno di alcune grotte vulcaniche etnee. In: De Nitto, L., Maurano, F., Parise, M., eds., Atti XXII Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia Euro Speleo Forum 2015 “Condividere i dati”, 2 giugno 2015 Pertosa-Auletta (SA). Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Speleologia, serie II, vol. 29, Sessione documentazione – A1, 99-109. |
ⓘ Realgar Formula: As4S4 Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work |
ⓘ Rhönite Formula: Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] Reference: http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm. |
ⓘ Salammoniac Formula: NH4Cl Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 17; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Sanidine Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Gaetano Sicurella collection, 2007 |
ⓘ Selenium Formula: Se Reference: Mariani & Scaini, 1978. I minerali d'Italia. Rizzoli Ed., Milano. |
ⓘ Sellaite Formula: MgF2 Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 39; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Siderazot (TL) Formula: Fe5N2 Type Locality: Reference: Silvestri O. (1876) La scombinazione chimica (dissociazione) applicata alla interpetrazione di alcuni fenomeni vulcanici; sintesi e analisi di un nuovo minerale trovato sull'Etna e di origine comune nei vulcani. Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, 10, 17-27.
Silvestri O. (1876) Das Vorkommen des Stickstoffeisens unter den Fumarolen-Producten des Aetna und Künstliche Darstellung dieser Verbindung. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 157, 165-172
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 126. |
ⓘ Sodalite Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl Reference: Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.; Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250. |
ⓘ Sulphur Formula: S8 Reference: AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
ⓘ Sylvite Formula: KCl Localities: Reference: Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume II, John Wiley & Sons, New York: 9; AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.; Toutain, J. P., Quisefit, J. P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., & Robaye, G. (1995). Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173. |
ⓘ Tenorite Formula: CuO Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13. |
ⓘ 'Thénardite' Formula: Na2SO4 Localities: La Grotta Cutrona (Cutrona lava tube), Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy Pits of the 1923 eruption (Abisso Profondo Nero), Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy Reference: www.cse.speleo.it; Forti, P. (2005) Genetic processes of cave minerals in volcanic environments: An overview. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 67, 1, 3-13. |
ⓘ Trona Formula: Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O Reference: www.cse.speleo.it |
ⓘ Tschermigite Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 476. |
ⓘ 'Xiphonite' Reference: American Journal of Science, Volume 149 p480 |
ⓘ 'Zamboninite (of Starraba)' Reference: Stella Starraba, F. (1930) Zamboninite - una nuova specie minerale. Bolletino della Società Geologica Italiana: 48: 259-263.;
Washington, H.S. (1930) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 15: 274-276. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Selenium | 1.CC.10 | Se |
ⓘ | Siderazot (TL) | 1.BC.10 | Fe5N2 |
ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Realgar | 2.FA.15a | As4S4 |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
ⓘ | Atacamite | 3.DA.10a | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
ⓘ | Erythrosiderite | 3.CJ.10 | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
ⓘ | Kremersite | 3.CJ.10 | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
ⓘ | Molysite | 3.AC.10 | FeCl3 |
ⓘ | Salammoniac | 3.AA.25 | NH4Cl |
ⓘ | Sellaite | 3.AB.15 | MgF2 |
ⓘ | Sylvite | 3.AA.20 | KCl |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
ⓘ | Magnesioferrite | 4.BB.05 | MgFe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Titaniferous Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 |
ⓘ | Portlandite | 4.FE.05 | Ca(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Natrite | 5.AA.10 | Na2CO3 |
ⓘ | Natron | 5.CB.10 | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
ⓘ | Trona | 5.CB.15 | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Alunite | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
ⓘ | Aphthitalite | 7.AC.35 | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
ⓘ | Arcanite | 7.AD.05 | K2SO4 |
ⓘ | Blödite | 7.CC.50 | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
ⓘ | Mascagnite | 7.AD.05 | (NH4)2SO4 |
ⓘ | Mirabilite | 7.CD.10 | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
ⓘ | Picromerite | 7.CC.60 | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
ⓘ | Polyhalite | 7.CC.65 | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
ⓘ | 'Thénardite' | 7.AC.25 | Na2SO4 |
ⓘ | Tschermigite | 7.CC.20 | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
ⓘ | Allophane | 9.ED.20 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
ⓘ | 'Anorthoclase' | 9.FA.30 | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Fassaite | 9.DA.15 | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | 9.DA.15 | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Salite | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
ⓘ | Kaersutite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
ⓘ | Leucite | 9.GB.05 | K(AlSi2O6) |
ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Rhönite | 9.DH.40 | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
ⓘ | Sanidine | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Sodalite | 9.FB.10 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Albite-Anorthite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Alkali Feldspar' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Glass' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Hydrophilite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Xiphonite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Zamboninite (of Starraba)' | - |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
---|---|---|---|
Metals, other than the Platinum Group | |||
ⓘ | Siderazot (TL) | 1.1.18.1 | Fe5N2 |
Semi-metals and non-metals | |||
ⓘ | Selenium | 1.3.4.1 | Se |
ⓘ | Sulphur | 1.3.5.1 | S8 |
Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
AmXp, with m:p = 1:1 | |||
ⓘ | Realgar | 2.8.21.1 | As4S4 |
Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
AX | |||
ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.2.3.1 | CuO |
A2X3 | |||
ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
X(OH)2 | |||
ⓘ | Portlandite | 6.2.1.4 | Ca(OH)2 |
Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
AB2X4 | |||
ⓘ | Chromite | 7.2.3.3 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnesioferrite | 7.2.2.1 | MgFe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 7.2.2.3 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Group 9 - NORMAL HALIDES | |||
AX | |||
ⓘ | Halite | 9.1.1.1 | NaCl |
ⓘ | Salammoniac | 9.1.3.1 | NH4Cl |
ⓘ | Sylvite | 9.1.1.2 | KCl |
AX2 | |||
ⓘ | 'Hydrophilite' | 9.2.7.2 | |
ⓘ | Sellaite | 9.2.2.1 | MgF2 |
AX3 | |||
ⓘ | Molysite | 9.3.1.1 | FeCl3 |
Group 10 - OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES | |||
A2(O,OH)3Xq | |||
ⓘ | Atacamite | 10.1.1.1 | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Group 11 - HALIDE COMPLEXES | |||
AmBX5·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Erythrosiderite | 11.4.1.1 | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
ⓘ | Kremersite | 11.4.1.2 | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
Group 13 - ACID CARBONATES | |||
Miscellaneous | |||
ⓘ | Trona | 13.1.4.1 | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
A(XO3) | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
Group 15 - HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
A(XO3)·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Natron | 15.1.2.1 | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
Group 28 - ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
A2XO4 | |||
ⓘ | Aphthitalite | 28.2.2.1 | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
ⓘ | Arcanite | 28.2.1.2 | K2SO4 |
ⓘ | Mascagnite | 28.2.1.1 | (NH4)2SO4 |
ⓘ | 'Thénardite' | 28.2.3.1 | Na2SO4 |
Group 29 - HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES | |||
A2XO4·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Mirabilite | 29.2.2.1 | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
A2B(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Blödite | 29.3.3.1 | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Picromerite | 29.3.6.1 | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
AmBn(XO4)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 3:2 and > 1:1 | |||
ⓘ | Polyhalite | 29.4.5.1 | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
AB(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Tschermigite | 29.5.5.3 | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
AXO4·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Gypsum | 29.6.3.1 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Group 30 - ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
(AB)2(XO4)Zq | |||
ⓘ | Alunite | 30.2.4.1 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Forsterite | 51.3.1.2 | Mg2SiO4 |
Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
ⓘ | Augite | 65.1.3a.3 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | Diopside | 65.1.3a.1 | CaMgSi2O6 |
Group 66 - INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2) | |||
Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup | |||
ⓘ | Kaersutite | 66.1.3a.18 | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Group 69 - INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops | |||
Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2 | |||
ⓘ | Rhönite | 69.2.1a.5 | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers | |||
ⓘ | Allophane | 71.1.5.1 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
ⓘ | Phlogopite | 71.2.2b.1 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | 'Anorthoclase' | 76.1.1.6 | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | Sanidine | 76.1.1.2 | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species | |||
ⓘ | Leucite | 76.2.2.1 | K(AlSi2O6) |
ⓘ | Nepheline | 76.2.1.2 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
ⓘ | Sodalite | 76.2.3.1 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
ⓘ | Albite var. Oligoclase | - | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
ⓘ | 'Albite-Anorthite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Alkali Feldspar' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
ⓘ | Augite var. Fassaite | - | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | - | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Salite | - | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Glass' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
ⓘ | Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite | - | Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 |
ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
ⓘ | Natrite | - | Na2CO3 |
ⓘ | 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Xiphonite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Zamboninite (of Starraba)' | - |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Salammoniac | NH4Cl |
H | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
H | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
H | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
H | ⓘ Trona | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
H | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
H | ⓘ Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
H | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
H | ⓘ Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
H | ⓘ Natron | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
H | ⓘ Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
H | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Natrite | Na2CO3 |
C | ⓘ Trona | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
C | ⓘ Natron | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
N | Nitrogen | |
N | ⓘ Siderazot | Fe5N2 |
N | ⓘ Salammoniac | NH4Cl |
N | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
N | ⓘ Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
N | ⓘ Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
O | ⓘ Natrite | Na2CO3 |
O | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
O | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
O | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
O | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
O | ⓘ Trona | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
O | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
O | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
O | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
O | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
O | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
O | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
O | ⓘ Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
O | ⓘ Magnesioferrite | MgFe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
O | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
O | ⓘ Natron | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
O | ⓘ Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
O | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
O | ⓘ Arcanite | K2SO4 |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
O | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
O | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
O | ⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite | Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 |
O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
F | Fluorine | |
F | ⓘ Sellaite | MgF2 |
F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
Na | ⓘ Natrite | Na2CO3 |
Na | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
Na | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
Na | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
Na | ⓘ Trona | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
Na | ⓘ Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
Na | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Na | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Na | ⓘ Natron | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
Na | ⓘ Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
Na | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Mg | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Mg | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Mg | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Mg | ⓘ Sellaite | MgF2 |
Mg | ⓘ Magnesioferrite | MgFe23+O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Al | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Al | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Al | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Al | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
Al | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
Al | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
Al | ⓘ Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
Al | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Si | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Si | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Si | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Si | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
Si | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
Si | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
S | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
S | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
S | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
S | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
S | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
S | ⓘ Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
S | ⓘ Sulphur | S8 |
S | ⓘ Realgar | As4S4 |
S | ⓘ Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
S | ⓘ Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
S | ⓘ Arcanite | K2SO4 |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Salammoniac | NH4Cl |
Cl | ⓘ Sylvite | KCl |
Cl | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
Cl | ⓘ Molysite | FeCl3 |
Cl | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
Cl | ⓘ Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
Cl | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Cl | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
K | ⓘ Sylvite | KCl |
K | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
K | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
K | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
K | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
K | ⓘ Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
K | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
K | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | ⓘ Arcanite | K2SO4 |
K | ⓘ Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Ca | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Ca | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Ca | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Ti | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Ti | ⓘ Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Ti | ⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite | Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 |
Cr | Chromium | |
Cr | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Siderazot | Fe5N2 |
Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | ⓘ Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe23+Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
Fe | ⓘ Augite var. Fassaite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6] |
Fe | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Fe | ⓘ Molysite | FeCl3 |
Fe | ⓘ Kremersite | (NH4,K)2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
Fe | ⓘ Erythrosiderite | K2[Fe3+Cl5(H2O)] |
Fe | ⓘ Magnesioferrite | MgFe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite var. Titaniferous Magnetite | Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
Cu | ⓘ Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
As | Arsenic | |
As | ⓘ Realgar | As4S4 |
Se | Selenium | |
Se | ⓘ Selenium | Se |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Krebs, S. (1972) ÄTNA 1971. Der Aufschluss, 23, 132-138.
Toutain, J.P., Quisefit, J.P., Briole, P., Aloupogiannis, P., Blanc, P., Robaye, G. (1995) Mineralogy and chemistry of solid aerosols emitted from Mount Etna. Geochemical Journal, 29(3), 163-173.
Brosch, E., Hauzenberger, C.A. (2016) Geochemical investigation of selected lava flows from Mt. Etna (Italy). Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 162, 25-46.
Woolley, A. R. (2019, September). Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. Geological Society of London, pp. 37-379.
Armienti, P. I. E. T. R. O., Tonarini, S., D’Orazio, M. A. S. S. I. M. O., & Innocenti, F. A. B. R. I. Z. I. O. (2004). Genesis and evolution of Mt. Etna alkaline lavas: petrological and Sr-Nd-B isotope constraints. Periodico di Mineralogia, 73(Special issue 1), 29-52.
Branca, S., Coltelli, M., De Beni, E., & Wijbrans, J. (2008). Geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) from earliest products until the first central volcanism (between 500 and 100 ka ago) inferred from geochronological and stratigraphic data. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97(1), 135-152.
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. 1985. Mount Etna: the anatomy of a volcano. Chapman and Hall, London.
Coltelli, M., Del Carlo, P., & Vezzoli, L. (2000). Stratigraphic constraints for explosive activity in the past 100 ka at Etna Volcano, Italy. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89(3), 665-677.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1996). Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna. Mineralogy and Petrology, 57(1-2), 1-21.
Corsaro, R. A., & Cristofolini, R. (1997). Geology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of tholeiitic to transitional Etnean magmas. Acta Vulcanologica, 9, 55-66.
Di Sabatino, B. 1977. Significato petrologico della presenza di leucite in lave basaltiche di stirpe atlantica: eruzione dell'Etna della primavera del 1971. Periodico di Mineralogia, 46, 45-57.
Guest, J. E., Cole, P. D., Duncan, A. M., & Chester, D. K. (2003). Volcanoes of southern Italy (p. 284). London: Geological Society.
Peccerillo, A. (2005). Plio-quaternary volcanism in Italy (Vol. 365). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Tanguy, J. C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 75(3-4), 221-250.
Other Databases
Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna |
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Wikidata ID: | Q16990 |
External Links
http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/etna/index-en.html
https://www.uibk.ac.at/mineralogie/oemg/bd_162/162_25-46_brosch.pdf [Brosch & Hauzenberger, 2016]
https://www.uibk.ac.at/mineralogie/oemg/bd_162/162_25-46_brosch.pdf [Brosch & Hauzenberger, 2016]
Localities in this Region
- Sicily
- Metropolitan City of Catania
- Etna Volcanic Complex
- Metropolitan City of Catania
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
African PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
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Mount Etna, Etna Volcanic Complex, Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy