Munali nickel project, Munali Intrusive Complex, Mazabuka District, Southern Province, Zambiai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Munali nickel project | - not defined - |
Munali Intrusive Complex | Complex |
Mazabuka District | District |
Southern Province | Province |
Zambia | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
15° 53' 13'' South , 28° 6' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Age:
Up to Ma
Geologic Time:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Magmatic sulfide deposit. Consists of the orebodies: Voyager, Intrepid, Enterprise, Defiant. Enterprise (site of the Munali Ni mine), Intrepid and Voyager (all situated along the SW margin). Defiant, along the NE margin, contains no appreciable ultramafic rocks and only very minor sulfide.
The Munali orebody at Enterprise appears to represent a typical sulfide-matrix breccia deposit, with brecciation constrained to the marginal units and along the contact with central gabbro. Sulfide is mainly composed of massive (>90 % sulfide) and semi-massive (90β20 % sulfide) ore comprising a sulfide assemblage of pyrrhotite and pentlandite with variable chalcopyrite and pyrite, alongside apatite and carbonate gangue.
Similar textures are seen at Babbit deposit of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota and the Itsindro Gabbro Complex, Madagascar.
621000 easting, 824000 northing.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
26 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
β Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Habit: Crystals to 30cm. Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575. |
β Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575. |
β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Kyanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Maghemite Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Olivine Group' Formula: M2SiO4 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Pentlandite Formula: (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Pyrite var. Bravoite Formula: (Fe,Ni)S2 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β 'Scapolite' Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575. |
β Smythite Formula: (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β 'Soapstone' Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.; Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
β Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Holwell, D. A., Mitchell, C. L., Howe, G. A., Evans, D. M., Ward, L. A., & Friedman, R. (2017). The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575. |
β Violarite Formula: Fe2+Ni3+2S4 Reference: Brotherton, R. L. (1979). The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. PhD Thesis University of London |
β Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
β | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
β | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
β | var. Bravoite | 2.EB.05a | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
β | Smythite | 2.CC.10 | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
β | Violarite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
β | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
β | Maghemite | 4.BB.15 | (Fe3+0.67β»0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
β | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
β | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
β | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
β | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
β | Kyanite | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
β | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O |
β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
β | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
β | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
β | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
β | 'Olivine Group' | - | M2SiO4 |
β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
β | 'Scapolite' | - | |
β | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
β | 'Soapstone' | - |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
H | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
H | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | β Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
H | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
H | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
C | Carbon | |
C | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
C | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
O | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
O | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
O | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
O | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | β Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
O | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
O | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | β Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
O | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
O | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | β Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Mg | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
Mg | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Mg | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Mg | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Mg | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Al | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Al | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Si | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Si | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Si | β Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
Si | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Si | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Si | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | β Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | β Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
S | Sulfur | |
S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
S | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
S | β Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
S | β Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
S | β Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Ca | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ca | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | β Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Ca | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Fe | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | β Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
Fe | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
Fe | β Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
Fe | β Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
Fe | β Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Fe | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ni | Nickel | |
Ni | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
Ni | β Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
Ni | β Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
Ni | β Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Brotherton, R.L. (1979) The geochemistry and mineralogy of gossans overlying nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, xx pages.
Holwell, D.A., Mitchell, C.L., Howe, G.A., Evans, D.M., Ward, L.A., Friedman, R. (2017) The Munali Ni sulfide deposit, southern Zambia: A multi-stage, mafic-ultramafic, magmatic sulfide-magnetite-apatite-carbonate megabreccia. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 553-575.
Blanks, D. E., Holwell, D. A., Barnes, S. J., Schoneveld, L. E., Boyce, A. J., & Mbiri, L. (2022). Evolution of the Munali Intrusive Complex: host to a carbonate-rich Ni-(Cu-PGE) sulfide deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 105109.
External Links
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Geological-map-after-Evans-2005-of-the-Munali-Intrusive-Complex-showing-the-major-host_fig1_314717859
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/southern/_munali/
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/southern/_munalipass/
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/central/_munalischool/
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/southern/_munali/
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/southern/_munalipass/
http://www.getamap.net/maps/zambia/central/_munalischool/
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