Gem gravels, Ratnapura, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lankai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Gem gravels | - not defined - |
Ratnapura | - not defined - |
Ratnapura District | District |
Sabaragamuwa Province | Province |
Sri Lanka | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
6° North , 80° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~16km
Köppen climate type:
The island of Sri Lanka (aka Ceylon or Serendib) has a heritage for gem mining and trading that dates back 2000 years. Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated in the Indian Ocean, off the southern tip of India. Sri Lanka has earned its namesake as the 'Gem Island' or 'Island of Gems' (Ratna Dweepa), with its abundance of corundum gems, chrysoberyl and alexandrite, garnet, moonstone, peridot, spinel, topaz, tourmaline, and zircon. During the 16th century, Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama said of Sri Lanka: "Ceylon has all the fine cinnamon of the Indies and the best sapphires."
Sapphire & Ruby from Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is known for its Ceylon Blue, and Padparadscha (aka padmaraga) sapphire, named after the island's lotus flower, and its unique soft pastel orange-pink color. The name 'Padparadscha' comes from the Sanskrit or Singhalese "padma raga" meaning 'lotus blossom.' The traditional mining areas of Ceylon were located in the vicinity of Ratnapura, about 100 kilometers south-east of the capital of Colombo.
Sapphire from Sri Lanka occurs in a wide range of hues from Padparadscha, Ceylon and cornflower-blue, to green, orange, pink, purple, white (geuda) and yellow. Sri Lanka's 'Geuda sapphire' is a semi-opaque milk-white stone that can be heated to a deep blue.
The gem trading center for Sri Lanka is in the town of Ratnapura (Singhalese for "gem town"), about 100 kilometers southeast of the capital, Colombo.
Heat Treated Material from Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has a two thousand year history of heating their rubies to enhance the reddish-pink color, and remove any bluish or purplish hues. Sri Lanka's "burners" traditionally apply heat treatment using a blow-pipe and charcoal burner, to super-heat the stone.
The government has instituted a five-year program to increase Sri Lanka's share of the heat-treatment industry by advancing experimentation in heat-treatment technologies [3]. The Sri Lankan government is also opening up new lands to sapphire mining in the central part of the country.
It is a common sight to see vendors in Sri Lanka's Ratnapura's Newitigala 'morning gem market,' and Thailand's Muang Chan's (Chanthaburi's) 'weekend market' selling Sri Lankan sapphires alongside of material from Madagascar and Tanzania that was treated in Sri Lanka ("geuda sapphires").
Gem Mining in Sri Lanka
The government works in cooperation with land/farm owners to manage and allocate mining rights to their land in exchange for a percentage of the profit, should any gemstone be found on the property. The government sees to it that the land is not spoiled by mining operations, through strict regulation of low-impact mining proceedures.
Gem mining in Sri Lanka is primarily from alluvial secondary deposits found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with productive farm land and terraced rice paddies. To access the gem-bearing gravel, 5 to 50 foot deep mining pits are hand-dug by teams of several workers, pumping out any ground-water as it enters the hole from below. When the pit is dug to the correct depth, tunnels are dug horizontally in several directions to minimize surface degradation.
Sluicing with conical-shaped baskets is used to extract the gems from the illam clay, gravel and sand slurry. The basket is swirled around until the heavier stones (Jathi) settle to the bottom of the basket.
The Ratnapura region was the first locality to mine sapphire on the island. Significant gem-mines throughout Sri Lanka are the Bibile sapphire mines (central), Elehara Gem Fields (near Ratnapura), Metiyagoda moonstone mines (south-west coastal), Morawaka (south-central), Nuwara Eliya mines (mountainous tea plantation area), and Pelmadulla sapphire mines (15 km south-east of Ratnapura).
Sri Lanka's Bibile area is located in the central-eastern region of the island in the Uva Province. Ceylon-blue sapphire is mined in pits, dug into the rice paddies that carpet the valley floor. Alluvial sapphire deposits are found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with farm land.
Sri Lanka's alluvial Elahera Gem Fields are located in the Matale District near the Wasgomuwa strict natural reserve, in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka; 115 km north-east of Colombo. The Elahera Gem Fields are estimated to produce up to 35% of the gemstones exports from Sri Lanka. The Elahera mines contain a variety of of gem-quality minerals including chrysoberyl, garnet, sapphire, spinel, tourmaline, and zircon.
Sri Lanka's Nuwara Eliya mining region (Tea Country) is located north-east of Adams Peak (2224m) in the northern part of Sabaragamuwa province Nuwara-Eliya District. The high mountainous Nuwara Eliya region of Sri Lanka (1806m) is famous for its tea plantations.
Sri Lanka's Pelmadulla Mine is located 15 km south-east of Ratnapura (aka "City of Gems") in the Sabaragamuwa province of south-central Sri Lanka. Ratnapura's Pelmadulla mines are the traditional hand-dug pit mines found under rice paddies as well as mechanized small-scale mining operations. Ceylon-blue and Padparadscha sapphire is mined in pits, dug in the fields that carpet the valley floor.
The city of Ratnapura (with the Ratnapura Gem Museum) is located 101 kilometers south-east of Colombo, on the Colombo-Ratnapura highway. Alluvial sapphire deposits are found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with farm land throughout this region.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities38 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Andalusite var. Viridine Formula: (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Andradite var. Demantoid Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Chrysoberyl Formula: BeAl2O4 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite Formula: BeAl2O4 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane Formula: BeAl2O4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Joseph A. Freilich.; Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Corundum var. Star Ruby Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Corundum var. Star Sapphire Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Dravite Formula: Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Fluor-buergerite Formula: Na(Fe3+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Fluor-feruvite' Formula: Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F Reference: Current analysis |
ⓘ 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Gahnite Formula: ZnAl2O4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Indicolite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Liddicoatite' Formula: Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S Formula: Mg3Al8BeO16 Reference: http://www.multicolour.com/taaffeite.html |
ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Moonstone' Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Phenakite Formula: Be2SiO4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Pyrope Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Sanidine Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Schorl Formula: Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Spinel var. Ceylonite Formula: MgAl2O4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spinel var. Gahnospinel Formula: (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 Reference: [Clark, 1993, 249 - "Hey's Mineral Index - 3rd Edition"] |
ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste Formula: (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spodumene Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Staurolite Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Stibiotantalite Formula: Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738 |
ⓘ Zircon var. Hyacinth Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Zircon var. Jargoon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
ⓘ Zircon var. Starlite Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Ceylon Aluvial Mine, (Book, Co. 2002) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
ⓘ | Chrysoberyl | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Alexandrite | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Cymophane | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Star Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Star Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
ⓘ | Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | 4.FC.25 | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Ceylonite | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Gahnospinel | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
ⓘ | Stibiotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mg) | 4.DB.35 | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | var. Viridine | 9.AF.10 | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | var. Demantoid | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | var. Melanite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
ⓘ | var. Emerald | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Fluor-buergerite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Fe3+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | 'Liddicoatite' | 9.CK.05 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
ⓘ | Pyrope | 9.AD.25 | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Sanidine | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Spodumene | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Hiddenite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
ⓘ | Staurolite | 9.AF.30 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | var. Hyacinth | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | var. Jargoon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | var. Starlite | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Fluor-feruvite' | - | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
ⓘ | 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
ⓘ | 'var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
ⓘ | 'Moonstone' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Achroite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
---|---|---|---|
Metals, other than the Platinum Group | |||
ⓘ | Gold | 1.1.1.1 | Au |
Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
A2X3 | |||
ⓘ | Corundum | 4.3.1.1 | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | Hematite | 4.3.1.2 | Fe2O3 |
ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.3.5.1 | Fe2+TiO3 |
AX2 | |||
ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.4.1.5 | SnO2 |
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.4.1.1 | TiO2 |
Group 5 - OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM | |||
AXO2·xH2O | |||
ⓘ | Uraninite | 5.1.1.1 | UO2 |
Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
AB2X4 | |||
ⓘ | Chrysoberyl | 7.2.9.1 | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | Gahnite | 7.2.1.4 | ZnAl2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | 7.2.11.1 | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
ⓘ | Spinel | 7.2.1.1 | MgAl2O4 |
Group 8 - MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM | |||
ABO4 | |||
ⓘ | Stibiotantalite | 8.1.6.2 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
Group 48 - ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES | |||
AXO4 | |||
ⓘ | Scheelite | 48.1.2.1 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [4] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Phenakite | 51.1.1.1 | Be2SiO4 |
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Forsterite | 51.3.1.2 | Mg2SiO4 |
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Almandine | 51.4.3a.2 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Andradite | 51.4.3b.1 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Grossular | 51.4.3b.2 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Pyrope | 51.4.3a.1 | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Spessartine | 51.4.3a.3 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Zircon | 51.5.2.1 | Zr(SiO4) |
Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Andalusite | 52.2.2b.1 | Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Sillimanite | 52.2.2a.1 | Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Staurolite | 52.2.3.1 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only | |||
ⓘ | Topaz | 52.3.1.1 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Group 61 - CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings | |||
Six-Membered Rings with [Si6O18] rings; possible (OH) and Al substitution | |||
ⓘ | Beryl | 61.1.1.1 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Six-Membered Rings with Al substituted rings | |||
ⓘ | Cordierite | 61.2.1.1 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Six-Membered Rings with borate groups | |||
ⓘ | Dravite | 61.3.1.9 | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Elbaite | 61.3.1.8 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Fluor-buergerite | 61.3.1.5 | Na(Fe3+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
ⓘ | 'Liddicoatite' | 61.3.1.2 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
ⓘ | Schorl | 61.3.1.10 | Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
ⓘ | Spodumene | 65.1.4.1 | LiAlSi2O6 |
Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
ⓘ | Orthoclase | 76.1.1.1 | K(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Sanidine | 76.1.1.2 | K(AlSi3O8) |
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
ⓘ | Andalusite var. Viridine | - | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
ⓘ | Andradite var. Demantoid | - | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | var. Melanite | - | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
ⓘ | Beryl var. Aquamarine | - | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
ⓘ | var. Emerald | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Goshenite | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Heliodor | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | var. Morganite | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
ⓘ | Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | - | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Cymophane | - | BeAl2O4 |
ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
ⓘ | Corundum var. Ruby | - | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Sapphire | - | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Star Ruby | - | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | var. Star Sapphire | - | Al2O3 |
ⓘ | 'Fluor-feruvite' | - | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
ⓘ | 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | Grossular var. Hessonite | - | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
ⓘ | 'var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
ⓘ | 'Moonstone' | - | |
ⓘ | Quartz var. Amethyst | - | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Citrine | - | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | - | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | - | SiO2 |
ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | - | SiO2 |
ⓘ | Spinel var. Ceylonite | - | MgAl2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Gahnospinel | - | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
ⓘ | var. Pleonaste | - | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
ⓘ | Spodumene var. Hiddenite | - | LiAlSi2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Kunzite | - | LiAlSi2O6 |
ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mg) | - | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Achroite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | 'var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | - | Y(PO4) |
ⓘ | Zircon var. Hyacinth | - | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | var. Jargoon | - | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | var. Starlite | - | Zr(SiO4) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
H | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Li | Lithium | |
Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Li | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Be | Beryllium | |
Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
Be | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | ⓘ Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
B | Boron | |
B | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
O | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
O | ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
O | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
O | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
O | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
O | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
O | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
O | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
O | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
O | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
O | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
O | ⓘ Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
O | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
F | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
F | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Na | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Na | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Mg | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Mg | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Mg | ⓘ Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Mg | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Al | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | ⓘ Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Al | ⓘ Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Al | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Si | ⓘ Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | ⓘ Dravite | Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Si | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
P | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
K | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Mn | ⓘ Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Fe | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Fe | ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Fe | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Fluor-buergerite | Na(Fe33+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Fe | ⓘ Fluor-feruvite | Ca(Fe2+)3MgAl5(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Zn | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Y | Yttrium | |
Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
Nb | Niobium | |
Nb | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
Sb | Antimony | |
Sb | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
La | Lanthanum | |
La | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
Ce | Cerium | |
Ce | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
Nd | Neodymium | |
Nd | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
Sm | Samarium | |
Sm | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
Gd | Gadolinium | |
Gd | ⓘ Monazite | (REE/Ce/La/Nd/Sm/Gd)(PO4) |
Ta | Tantalum | |
Ta | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
W | Tungsten | |
W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Au | Gold | |
Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
U | Uranium | |
U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Econ Geol (1981) 76:733-738
Ceylon Gem Aluvial Mine (2000)
Localities in this Region
- Sabaragamuwa Province
- Ratnapura District
- Ratnapura
- Gem gravels
- Ratnapura
- Ratnapura District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AsiaContinent
Indian Plate (India Plate)Tectonic Plate
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Gem gravels, Ratnapura, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka