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Nemrut Volcano, Ahlat District, Bitlis Province, Turkeyi
Regional Level Types
Nemrut VolcanoVolcano
Ahlat DistrictDistrict
Bitlis ProvinceProvince
TurkeyCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
38° 38' North , 42° 14' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
38.63333,42.23333
GeoHash:
G#: syy5c0cr7
GRN:
N26E24
Type:
Volcano
Age:
1.18 ± 0.23 to 0.02 Ma
Geologic Time:
Pleistocene
Köppen climate type:
Dsb : Warm, dry-summer continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Tatvan73,222 (2015)16.3km
Güroymak25,826 (2015)20.0km
Ahlat64,695 (2015)25.0km
Bitlis46,111 (2015)28.0km
Mutki5,510 (2015)37.1km
Mindat Locality ID:
342744
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:342744:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0a5ce767-443a-4c3b-94c6-e0fbb226e1dd
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Nemrut Dag; Nimrud


Stratovolcano rises to 2935m, covers c. 486km² and contains a caldera 8.3 x 7km in extent with walls nearly 700m high (Yilmaz et al. 1998). The most recent recorded activity was in 1692 (Aydar et al. 2003).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


9 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Aenigmatite
Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Chevkinite Group'
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Ferro-richterite
Formula: {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Ferro-winchite'
Formula: ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Pearce, J. A., Bender, J. F., De Long, S. E., Kidd, W. S. F., Low, P. J., Güner, Y., ... & Mitchell, J. G. (1990). Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., & Şaroğlu, F. (1998). Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., ... & Tolluoglu, A. U. (2003). Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A. Ü., & Güleç, N. (2006). Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2007). Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Çubukçu, H. E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E. R. K. A. N., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. R. D. A. L., Gourgaud, A., & Guillou, H. (2012). Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., & Schmincke, H. U. (2013). Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘFerro-richterite9.DE.20{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ'Ferro-winchite'9.DE.20 ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘAenigmatite9.DH.40Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘAlbite
var. Anorthoclase		9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Unclassified
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Chevkinite Group'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Oⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Siⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Feⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe42+Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 264 ± 6 Ma to 0.0286 ± 0.003 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Quaternary
   Pleistocene
ⓘ Feldspar Group (youngest age)0.0286 ± 0.003 Ma
ⓘ Feldspar Group (oldest age)0.3926 ± 0.0051 Ma
    
   
  Neogene
   Miocene
ⓘ Rhyolite (youngest age)8 ± 3 Ma
ⓘ Peralkaline trachyte (youngest age)8 ± 3 Ma
    
  
 Paleozoic
  Permian
   Guadalupian
ⓘ Rhyolite (oldest age)264 ± 6 Ma
ⓘ Peralkaline trachyte (oldest age)264 ± 6 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
Turkey

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Pearce, J.A., Bender, J.F., De Long, S.E., Kidd, W.S.F., Low, P.J., Güner, Y., Saroglu, F., Yilmaz, Y., Moorbath, S., Mitchell, J.G. (1990) Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44(1-2), 189-229.
Yılmaz, Y., Güner, Y., Şaroğlu, F. (1998) Geology of the Quaternary volcanic centres of the East Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85(1-4), 173-210.
Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A., Ulusoy, I., Digonnet, F., Labazuy, P., Sen, E., Bayhan, H., Kurttas, T., Tolluoglu, A.U. (2003) Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 123(3-4), 301-312.
Özdemir, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö., Tolluoğlu, A.Ü., Güleç, N. (2006) Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): the most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey. Chemical Geology, 226(3-4), 189-211.
Çubukçu, H.E., Aydar, E., Gourgaud, A. (2007) Comment on “Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau): The most recent post-collisional volcanism in Turkey” by 189–211. Chemical Geology, 245(1-2), 120-129.
Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., Çubukçu, E. (2008) Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283.
Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H.E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., Gourgaud, A. (2012) Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39.
Çubukçu, H.E., Ulusoy, I., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O., Şen, E., Gourgaud, A., Guillou, H. (2012) Mt. Nemrut volcano (Eastern Turkey): temporal petrological evolution. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 209, 33-60.
Sumita, M., Schmincke, H.U. (2013) Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van I: evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past> 400,000 years. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(5), 714.
Sumita, M., Schmincke, H.U. (2013) Impact of volcanism on the evolution of Lake Van II: temporal evolution of explosive volcanism of Nemrut Volcano (eastern Anatolia) during the past ca. 0.4 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 253, 15-34.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
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