Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USAi
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
33° 22' 51'' North , 117° 3' 45'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Rainbow | 1,832 (2011) | 8.6km |
| Temecula | 112,011 (2017) | 14.8km |
| Fallbrook | 30,534 (2011) | 17.5km |
| Hidden Meadows | 3,485 (2011) | 17.9km |
| Valley Center | 9,277 (2011) | 18.3km |
Summary:
A complex and highly mineralized granitic pegmatite-aplite dike, located near the village of Pala. The pegmatite was originally mined during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a source of lithium from massive pods of lepidolite that occur in the dike. Was reopened in the late 1960s as a gem mine and has periodically produced specimens and gem material of elbaite, as well as morganite and kunzite. The mine is particularly known for its reddish-pink elbaite.
The deposit is on private land, patented in 1949 by Blanche C. Crane.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities45 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: San Diego Mining Company, 2008. |
| ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July. |
| ⓘ Amblygonite Formula: LiAl(PO4)F Reference: Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: 124-125. |
| ⓘ 'Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series' Reference: Van King |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
| ⓘ Bermanite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O Reference: Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ Beyerite Formula: Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 Colour: Greenish gray Description: Compact masses in pegmatite as a possible alteration product of bismuthinite. Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 282. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Localities: Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July. |
| ⓘ Bismuth Formula: Bi Reference: Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
| ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Reference: [Mineralogical Record 29:164]; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 387-388 |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6 Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
| ⓘ Cookeite Formula: (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
| ⓘ Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
ⓘ Elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
| ⓘ Greifensteinite Formula: Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O Habit: mostly feathery milky tan masses, the best few microscopic crystals were flat monoclinic translucent tan, ~100µm in size Colour: tan, milky tan Description: Found by microscope examination of a large piece of purple phosphosiderite purchased from Gems of Pala in Jan 2018, also associated with yellow stewartite. Analyzed by Bob Housley and myself at Caltech Raman spectroscopy lab. Reference: MarekC collection, purchased from Gems of Pala, 2018 |
ⓘ Hureaulite Formula: Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 730; Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
ⓘ 'Indicolite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125. |
| ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) (TL) Formula: {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O Type Locality: Reference: Min Mag 42 (1978), 309 |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July. |
ⓘ 'Lepidolite' Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Alvarado mine (Alvarado prospect), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 55-57. |
| ⓘ Leucophosphite Formula: KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O Reference: Van King |
ⓘ Lithiophilite Formula: LiMn2+PO4 Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
| ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides' Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Blue Shepard |
| ⓘ 'Microlite Group' Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n Colour: Pale honey-yellow to very dark. Description: Small crystals in pocket aggregates of quartz, lepidolite, muscovite, albite, and tourmaline. Crystals are octahedral and dodecahedral, with maximum dimensions that rarely exceed 1/16 inch. Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40. |
| ⓘ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Sheppard, J. B. (2008), History of the surface prospects and underground mining developments made along the northern portion of the Stewart pegmatite; personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company (SDMC). June/July. |
| ⓘ Namibite Formula: Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) Reference: [Mineralogical Record 29:164]; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 387-388 |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Description: Orthoclase and microcline are widespread constituents of the pocket zones in the pegmatites where they generally form large, equant crystals with well-developed faces. The orthoclase is intimately associated with perthite, and is more abundant than the perthite in the pocket pegmatite of some dikes. In general, however, the orthoclase constitutes only a small fraction of the total potash feldspar within the dikes as a whole. Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125; Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 31-32. |
ⓘ Phosphosiderite Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 673. |
| ⓘ Pseudomalachite Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 Reference: [Mineralogical Record 29:164]; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 387-388 |
| ⓘ Pucherite Formula: Bi(VO4) Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1051; Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
| ⓘ Purpurite Formula: Mn3+(PO4) Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125. |
| ⓘ 'Salmonsite' Description: Discredited = mixture of hureaulite and jahnsite [probably jahnsite-(MnMnMn)] Reference: Moore, Paul B. & J. Ito (1978): I. Whiteite, a new species, and a proposed nomenclature for the jahnsite-whiteite complex series. I. New data on xanthoxenite. III. Salmonsite discredited. Min. Magazine 42: 309-323 |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: pages 59-61. |
ⓘ Sicklerite (TL) Formula: Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 Type Locality: Reference: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science (1912): 2: 145. |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
ⓘ Spodumene Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125.; Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Merrill, F. J. H. 1914. Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1, pages 61-110. |
| ⓘ Stewartite (TL) Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O Type Locality: Reference: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science (1912): 2: 143-145; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 730. |
| ⓘ Stibiotantalite Formula: Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 Reference: No reference listed |
ⓘ Strengite Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O Reference: Seaman, 1976. Pegmatite Minerals of the World. |
| ⓘ Strunzite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O Reference: Van King |
| ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6 Reference: Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Volume 33, Number 5: pages 376-378, photographs. |
| ⓘ Tosudite Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O Reference: Gaines et al. 1997, Dana's System of Mineralogy. |
| ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O Reference: Gaines et al. 1997, Dana's System of Mineralogy. |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Alvarado mine (Alvarado prospect), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 55-57. |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Alvarado mine (Alvarado prospect), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe adit, Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Rocks & Min.: 63:21. |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Little Joe No. 2 adit (Joe 2 adit; Little Joe II adit), Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125. |
| ⓘ Triphylite Formula: LiFe2+PO4 Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125. |
| ⓘ Triplite Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F Habit: Tabular and fracture-filling masses with rough faces; cleavage is fairly well developed. Colour: Deep-tan to dark reddish-brown on freshly broken surfaces; resinous luster. Description: Triplite occurs sparingly in the Stewart pegmatite, where it is associated with lithiophilite and triphylite. It forms crystals with rough faces, measuring 1/4 inch to 5 inches in diameter, with an average of about an inch. The mineral also occurs as tabular, fracture-filling masses within quartz, and rarely within coarse quartz-spodumene or quartz-perthite varieties of pegmatite. Most crystals are heavily stained with manganese oxides, and many are coated with a blue-gray film of very finely crystalline vivianite. The vivianite appears to have been derived from the triplite crystals. Reference: Kunz, G. F. 1905. Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: pages 124-125; Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 31, 41. |
| ⓘ Vivianite Formula: Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
| ⓘ Wardite Formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: www.gemandmineral.com/stewartmine.html. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Stibiotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Beyerite | 5.BE.35 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Amblygonite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Bermanite | 8.DC.20 | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Greifensteinite | 8.DA.10 | Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Hureaulite | 8.CB.10 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) (TL) | 8.DH.15 | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Leucophosphite | 8.DH.10 | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite | 8.AB.10 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Namibite | 8.BB.50 | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Phosphosiderite | 8.CD.05 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Pucherite | 8.AD.40 | Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ | Purpurite | 8.AB.10 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Sicklerite (TL) | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Stewartite (TL) | 8.DC.30 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Strengite | 8.CD.10 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Strunzite | 8.DC.25 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Triphylite | 8.AB.10 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triplite | 8.BB.10 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Vivianite | 8.CE.40 | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Wardite | 8.DL.10 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Cookeite | 9.EC.55 | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Spodumene | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tosudite | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | var. Lithium Tosudite | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Salmonsite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Semi-metals and non-metals | |||
| ⓘ | Bismuth | 1.3.1.4 | Bi |
| Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1 | |||
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.4.7.3 | Cu9S5 |
| AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3 | |||
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.11.2.3 | Bi2S3 |
| Group 8 - MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM | |||
| ABO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Stibiotantalite | 8.1.6.2 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| A2B2O6(O,OH,F) | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 8.2.2.1 | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| AB2O6 | |||
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 8.3.2.4 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mn) | 8.3.2.3 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| ⓘ | Beyerite | 16a.2.3.1 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 16a.3.5.1 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 38 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES | |||
| ABXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite | 38.1.1.2 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Sicklerite (TL) | 38.1.4.2 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triphylite | 38.1.1.1 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| AXO4 | |||
| ⓘ | Pucherite | 38.4.6.1 | Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ | Purpurite | 38.4.1.2 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Miscellaneous | |||
| ⓘ | Namibite | 38.5.9.1 | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Group 39 - HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES | |||
| (AB)5[HXO4]2[XO4]2.xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Hureaulite | 39.2.1.1 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Group 40 - HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES | |||
| A3(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Vivianite | 40.3.6.1 | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| (AB)5(XO4)2·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Phosphosiderite | 40.4.3.2 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Strengite | 40.4.1.2 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 41 - ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)5(XO4)2Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Pseudomalachite | 41.4.3.1 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Amblygonite | 41.5.8.1 | LiAl(PO4)F |
| A2(XO4)Zq | |||
| ⓘ | Triplite | 41.6.1.2 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| Group 42 - HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
| (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Wardite | 42.7.8.2 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O | |||
| ⓘ | Bermanite | 42.11.17.1 | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) (TL) | 42.11.2.4 | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Leucophosphite | 42.11.6.1 | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Stewartite (TL) | 42.11.10.2 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Strunzite | 42.11.9.1 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Almandine | 51.4.3a.2 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 51.4.3a.3 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Zircon | 51.5.2.1 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Group 61 - CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Six-Membered Rings with [Si6O18] rings; possible (OH) and Al substitution | |||
| ⓘ | Beryl | 61.1.1.1 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Six-Membered Rings with borate groups | |||
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 61.3.1.8 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 61.3.1.10 | Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
| Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
| ⓘ | Spodumene | 65.1.4.1 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 71.2.2a.1 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays | |||
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 71.3.1a.2 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra | |||
| ⓘ | Cookeite | 71.4.1.2 | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Tosudite | 71.4.2.4 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Group 74 - PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers | |||
| Modulated Layers with joined strips | |||
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 74.3.2.1 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 76.1.1.5 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 76.1.1.1 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | Albite var. Cleavelandite | - | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | 'Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Goshenite | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Heliodor | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Morganite | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Greifensteinite | - | Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | - | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Salmonsite' | - | |
| ⓘ | Spodumene var. Kunzite | - | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | - | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Cookeite | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Cookeite | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Cookeite | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Cookeite | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Cookeite | (Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | Na(Fe32+)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Bi | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Kunz, G.F. (1905) Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau Bulletin 37, 55-57; 124-125.
Merrill, F.J.H. (1914) Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1, 61-110.
Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951) Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 59-61.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 282, 730, 1051.
Sinkankas, J. (1988) Beryl: A Summary. Rocks & Minerals, 63(1), 21.
Robinson, George W. and King, Vandall T. (1989) What's New in Minerals? Sixteenth Annual Rochester Academy of Science Mineralogical Symposium. Mineralogical Record, 20(5), 399.
Bartsch, J.A. (1990) Collections and Displays: California State Mining and Mineral Museum, Mariposa, California. Rocks & Minerals, 65(1), 45.
Dunning, Gail E. and Cooper, Joseph F. Jr. (1998) Namibite: A Summary of World Occurrences. Mineralogical Record, 29(3), 164.
Fisher, J. (2002) Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, 33(5), 376-378, photographs.
Morton, D. et al. (2011) Petrogenesis of the Li-bearing Stewart Pegmatite, Pala, California. Unpublished manuscript: 15 pp., charts and photographs.
Mindat Articles
The Stewart Lithia Tourmaline Mine by E. R. Swoboda 2000 by Scott L. RitchieLocalities in this Region
- California
- San Diego County
- Pala Mining District
- Pala
- Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
- Stewart Mine (MS 6162; Stewart Lithia mine)
- Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
- Pala
- Pala Mining District
- San Diego County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Pacific PlateTectonic Plate
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Stewart Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA