Piteiras Mine, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazili
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Piteiras Mine | Mine |
| Itabira | Municipality |
| Minas Gerais | State |
| Brazil | Country |
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Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
19° 41' 36'' South , 43° 5' 33'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Nova Era | 15,595 (2012) | 8.5km |
| João Monlevade | 72,762 (2012) | 15.5km |
| Itabira | 99,496 (2012) | 16.3km |
| São Domingos do Prata | 9,466 (2012) | 23.1km |
| Rio Piracicaba | 10,439 (2012) | 27.5km |
The Piteiras emerald deposit was discovered in 1998, and an underground mine was brought into production in 2000, operating until 2008. Approximately 500 tons of gravel were mined to produce two kilos of emerald rough.
In 2008 the property was acquired by Belmont Mineração Ltda. At that time, Belmont conducted studies showing a remaining resource of about 0.8 million tonnes of ore at a grade of 112 carats of emerald per tonne (22 g/t), amounting to 90 million carats. The emeralds are mostly cloudy, inclusion-rich, and fractured, with pale green color, grading to rarer inclusion-free gemstones having excellent color. Ten percent is appropriate for faceting, making cabochons, or carving, and 10% of that is considered fine quality.
The mine is located within the Itabira-Ferros-Nova Era mining district, often known as the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in recognition of its world-class banded iron formation deposits. The deposit is also considered to lie within the Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province in the pegmatite district of Santa Maria de Itabira (one of eleven pegmatite districts in the Province).
The ore body is a “schist-type” emerald deposit associated with pegmatitic intrusions. Emeralds occur in a thin (0.5 - 8 m) stratiform schist referred to as the “blackwall” ore body. The schist contains bands of light gray talc-chlorite schist with lenses of amphibolite and boudinaged quartz veins and clots. Emerald crystals are up to 5 cm in size, and while generally irregular in shape, some show distinct crystal faces. They occur as isolated crystals or clumps of crystals disseminated in the biotite-phlogopite schist, are concentrated adjacent to pegmatite-schist contacts, or occur next to quartz boudins and within talc-chlorite bands.
The biotite-phlogopite schist and amphibolite originated as deep-water marine sediments interlayered with mafic and ultramafic volcanics that were uplifted, folded and faulted, metamorphosed, and intruded during the Brasiliano orogeny at about 630-500 Ma. Late in the same orogenic event, pegmatites intruded slightly earlier became metasomatized to feldspar and quartz, releasing beryllium to hydrothermal solutions that invaded the schist where they reacted with chromium, vanadium, iron, and magnesium in the metavolcanics to form green beryl. Thus, the emerald deposit was the result of metamorphic processes operating on igneous material (pegmatite) and previously metamorphosed host rocks (Lynch 2014 ).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsMineral List
14 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: this is a very new system on mindat.org and data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ 'Albite-Anorthite Series' Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C. E. R., & Viana, D. J. (2016). Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Kanis, J. (2002) Piteiras, Brasilien: Erfolgreiche Smaragdsuche mit modernsten Methoden. Lapis 27 (3), 13-18.
Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587. |
| ⓘ Beryl var: Emerald Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Reference: Kanis, J. (2002) Piteiras, Brasilien: Erfolgreiche Smaragdsuche mit modernsten Methoden. Lapis 27 (3), 13-18.
Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Reference: Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587.
|
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological [sic] perspectives: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 78, p. 1571-1587. |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende' Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Kyanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587. |
| ⓘ Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Staurolite Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J. Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587. |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437. |
| ⓘ Titanite var: Grothite Reference: Delgado, C.E.R; Jordt-Evangelista, H.; Viana, D.J. (2005) GROTHITA (TITANITA DE ALTO AL) DA PROVÍNCIA ESMERALDÍFERA DE ITABIRA, MG. Boletim de Resumos do 9º Simpósio de Geologia do Sudeste e 13º Simpósio de Geologia de Minas Gerais. SBG 01: 77 |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var: Emerald | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Kyanite | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Staurolite | 9.AF.30 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | var: Grothite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Albite-Anorthite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
| Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| AB2X4 | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 7.2.3.3 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| Group 9 - NORMAL HALIDES | |||
| AX2 | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 9.2.1.1 | CaF2 |
| Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Kyanite | 52.2.2c.1 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Sillimanite | 52.2.2a.1 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Staurolite | 52.2.3.1 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
| ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Group 61 - CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Six-Membered Rings with [Si6O18] rings; possible (OH) and Al substitution | |||
| ⓘ | Beryl | 61.1.1.1 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
| Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 71.2.2a.1 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 71.2.2b.1 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 71.2.1.3 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra | |||
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 71.4.1.4 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
| Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
| ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
| Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
| Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
| ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 76.1.1.5 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Albite-Anorthite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | Beryl var: Emerald | - | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | Titanite var: Grothite | - | CaTi(SiO4)O |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl (var: Emerald) | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Beryl (var: Emerald) | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl (var: Emerald) | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl (var: Emerald) | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg)([Si/Al]Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Da Silva Lopes, P.H., Cesar-Mendes, J., Roeser, H. (2008) Ein neues Smaragdvorkommen in Brasilien. Die Rocha Mineração Mine in Minas Gerais. Der Aufschluss, 59, 301-315 (in German).
Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Marshall, D.D., Turner, D. (2008) Emerald deposits and occurrences: a review. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 87-112.
Kanis, J. (2002) Piteiras, Brasilien: Erfolgreiche Smaragdsuche mit modernsten Methoden. Lapis, 27(3), 13-18.
Lynch, E.P., Costanzo, A., Feely, M., Blamey, N.J.F., Pironon, J., Lavin, P. (2014) The Piteiras emerald mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil: fluid-inclusion and gemmological [sic] perspectives. Mineralogical Magazine, 78, 1571-1587.
Rondeau, B., Notari, F., Giuliani, G., Michelou, J.-C., Martin, S., Fritsch, E., Respinger, A. (2003) La mine de Pteiras, Minas Gerais, nouvelle source d’émerouade de belle qualité au Brésil. Revue de Gemmologie, 147, 1-18.
Jordt-Evangelista, H., Lana, C., Delgado, C.E.R., Viana, D.J. (2016) Age of the emerald mineralization from the Itabira-Nova Era District, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on LA-ICP-MS geochronology of cogenetic titanite. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 46(3), 427-437.
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Piteiras Mine, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil