Belvidere Mountain Quarries (Vermont Asbestos Group Mine; VAG Mine; Ruberoid Asbestos Mine; Eden Mills Quarries), Lowell & Eden, Orleans & Lamoille Cos., Vermont, USAi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Belvidere Mountain Quarries (Vermont Asbestos Group Mine; VAG Mine; Ruberoid Asbestos Mine; Eden Mills Quarries) | Group of Quarries |
Lowell & Eden | - not defined - |
Orleans & Lamoille Cos. | - not defined - |
Vermont | State |
USA | Country |
This page kindly sponsored by Mike Williams

Key
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
44° 46' 0'' North , 72° 31' 23'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
Group of Quarries
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Lowell | 228 (2017) | 6.9km |
Albany | 186 (2017) | 12.0km |
Montgomery | 1,195 (2017) | 17.6km |
Troy | 243 (2017) | 17.8km |
Johnson | 1,451 (2017) | 19.1km |
Note: The use of the name "Eden Mills Quarries" should be discouraged as this has never been an official name for the quarries and the quarries are closer to the towns of Lowell & Eden rather than Eden Mills.
Asbestos was first discovered on Belvidere Mountain before 1823 (in Lowell, formerly Kellyvale). In 1899, a prospect was developed at the east base of the mountain which was later mined by the Lowell Lumber & Asbestos Company. Another company, New England Asbestos Mining and Milling, began mining the southwest side in 1902.
According to the Vermont Geological Survey: "The Ruberoid Company bought the Belvidere Mountain mine in 1936. By this time, the Eden mine was the only operating chrysotile asbestos mine in the country, encompassing 1700 acres of asbestos deposits on Belvidere Mountain. When Ruberoid took over, the first modern, large scale development began (Crane, 1954). In 1967, the company merged with General Aniline and Film Corporation and became known as GAF Corporation. By 1973, health issues regarding the mining and use of asbestos came into public focus. Only two years later, GAF announced that the Eden mine would cease its operations. An economic feasibility study had determined that the estimated $1 million cost to retrofit the plant for the required environmental dust control equipment made further operation of the mine unprofitable (Wallace, 1990). That same year, mine workers raised $2 million and took control of the plant from GAF (Clairborne, 1976). The new company was called the Vermont Asbestos Group (VAG). The serpentine is blasted loose from the quarry face and then trucked to the mill where the fibers are separated from the rock. Vermont ranked second in the manufacturing of asbestos to California, the only other state that produces asbestos. The mine closed in 1993. Asbestos mining no longer occurs in Vermont."
The excavations for this asbestos deposit are virtually continuous and overlapping. Many collectors maintain a distinction without a difference as to the names of particular pits. Although there are historical references to particular sub-locations such as the C-area, etc., specimens from these locations have been distributed without specific labels to identify which pit or exact spot they have come from. The largest two levels are at the north end of the excavations the Lowell quarry and, consequently, which have produced most of the specimens, and are largely in Lowell, but exceptional specimens have also been found in Eden on the southern end of the quarry area (T-area). (Have fun figuring out how to label specimens from this area!)
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Dana Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
63 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Anthophyllite Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Antigorite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Apophyllite' Reference: Matthew Lambert |
ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: No reference listed |
ⓘ Artinite Formula: Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264; Rocks & Minerals (1996): 71. |
ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) Formula: Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 71(3): 199. |
ⓘ Barroisite Formula: ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Reference: Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min.: 21:490; Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Reference: Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Chamosite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 Reference: Rocks & Min. 71(4):241 |
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; USGS Bull 1122-B; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Chrysotile Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Reference: Rocks & Min.: 22:925. |
ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925; Rocks & Minerals (1996): Vol. 71. |
ⓘ 'Clinochrysotile' Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
✪ Clinozoisite Formula: {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Clinozoisite-Epidote Series' Reference: Van King; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016; Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 Reference: Henry Minot Collection |
ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Edenite Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Ferro-hornblende Formula: ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 Reference: No reference listed |
ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Gersdorffite ? Formula: NiAsS Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Graphite Formula: C Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925.; Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B. |
ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Reference: Van King |
ⓘ Heazlewoodite Formula: Ni3S2 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Hydrotalcite Formula: Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Katophorite Formula: {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Lizardite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Magnesiochromite Formula: MgCr2O4 Reference: Rocks & Min. 71(4):241 |
ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Margarite Formula: CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Orthochrysotile' Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Paragonite Formula: NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Pargasite Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 Reference: Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066. |
ⓘ Pecoraite Formula: Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Pyroaurite Formula: Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 264. |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn Reference: Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ 'Stilbite subgroup' Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 71(3): 199.; Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist 94(7):1063-1066.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Uvarovite Formula: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Reference: Rocks & Minerals: 21: 490; Rocks & Minerals: 22: 925.; Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Xonotlite Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996) |
ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
ⓘ Zoisite Formula: Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) Reference: Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996); Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
ⓘ | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
ⓘ | Gersdorffite ? | 2.EB.25 | NiAsS |
ⓘ | Heazlewoodite | 2.BB.05 | Ni3S2 |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
ⓘ | Magnesiochromite | 4.BB.05 | MgCr2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Artinite | 5.DA.10 | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 5.DA.50 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Pyroaurite | 5.DA.50 | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Anthophyllite | 9.DD.05 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Antigorite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
ⓘ | Barroisite | 9.DE.20 | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Chamosite | 9.EC.55 | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
ⓘ | Chrysotile | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
ⓘ | var. Leuchtenbergite | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
ⓘ | 'Clinochrysotile' | 9.ED. | |
ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | 9.DA.15 | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | Edenite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Ferro-hornblende | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
ⓘ | Katophorite | 9.DE.20 | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Magnesio-hornblende | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Margarite | 9.EC.30 | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Paragonite | 9.EC.15 | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Pargasite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Pecoraite | 9.ED.15 | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Uvarovite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
ⓘ | Xonotlite | 9.DG.35 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
ⓘ | Zoisite | 9.BG.10 | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
ⓘ | 'Apophyllite' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Clinozoisite-Epidote Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Orthochrysotile' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
ⓘ | 'Stilbite subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals arranged by Dana 8th Edition classification
Group 1 - NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS | |||
---|---|---|---|
Metals, other than the Platinum Group | |||
ⓘ | Copper | 1.1.1.3 | Cu |
Semi-metals and non-metals | |||
ⓘ | Graphite | 1.3.6.2 | C |
Group 2 - SULFIDES | |||
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1 | |||
ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.4.7.1 | Cu2S |
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:2 | |||
ⓘ | Bornite | 2.5.2.1 | Cu5FeS4 |
ⓘ | Heazlewoodite | 2.5.3.1 | Ni3S2 |
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1 | |||
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.9.1.1 | CuFeS2 |
AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2 | |||
ⓘ | Gersdorffite ? | 2.12.3.2 | NiAsS |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.12.1.1 | FeS2 |
Group 4 - SIMPLE OXIDES | |||
A2X3 | |||
ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.3.5.1 | Fe2+TiO3 |
AX2 | |||
ⓘ | Rutile | 4.4.1.1 | TiO2 |
Group 6 - HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL | |||
X(OH)2 | |||
ⓘ | Brucite | 6.2.1.1 | Mg(OH)2 |
Group 7 - MULTIPLE OXIDES | |||
AB2X4 | |||
ⓘ | Chromite | 7.2.3.3 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnesiochromite | 7.2.3.1 | MgCr2O4 |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 7.2.2.3 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Group 14 - ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES | |||
A(XO3) | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 14.1.1.1 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Magnesite | 14.1.1.2 | MgCO3 |
ⓘ | Siderite | 14.1.1.3 | FeCO3 |
AB(XO3)2 | |||
ⓘ | Dolomite | 14.2.1.1 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Group 16a - ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
ⓘ | Malachite | 16a.3.1.1 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Group 16b - HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
ⓘ | Artinite | 16b.3.1.1 | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 16b.6.2.1 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Pyroaurite | 16b.6.2.3 | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
Group 41 - ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN | |||
A5(XO4)3Zq | |||
ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 41.8.1.1 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Group 51 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only | |||
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Forsterite | 51.3.1.2 | Mg2SiO4 |
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Almandine | 51.4.3a.2 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Grossular | 51.4.3b.2 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Uvarovite | 51.4.3b.3 | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Zircon | 51.5.2.1 | Zr(SiO4) |
Group 52 - NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O | |||
Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Titanite | 52.4.3.1 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Group 56 - SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O | |||
Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination | |||
ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 56.2.2.1 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Group 58 - SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups | |||
Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2) | |||
ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 58.2.1a.1 | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 58.2.1a.4 | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Epidote | 58.2.1a.7 | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 58.2.4.1 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
ⓘ | Zoisite | 58.2.1b.1 | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
Group 65 - INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1) | |||
Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2 | |||
ⓘ | Diopside | 65.1.3a.1 | CaMgSi2O6 |
ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 65.1.3a.2 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Group 66 - INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2) | |||
Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup | |||
ⓘ | Anthophyllite | 66.1.2.1 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Edenite | 66.1.3a.10 | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
ⓘ | Katophorite | 66.1.3b.11 | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
ⓘ | Pargasite | 66.1.3a.12 | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Tremolite | 66.1.3a.1 | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup | |||
ⓘ | Xonotlite | 66.3.1.1 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
Group 71 - PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings | |||
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers | |||
ⓘ | Antigorite | 71.1.2a.1 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Chrysotile | 71.1.5.1 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | 'Clinochrysotile' | 71.1.2d.1 | |
ⓘ | Lizardite | 71.1.2b.2 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
ⓘ | Pecoraite | 71.1.2d.4 | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers | |||
ⓘ | Margarite | 71.2.2c.1 | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Muscovite | 71.2.2a.1 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Paragonite | 71.2.2a.2 | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Phlogopite | 71.2.2b.1 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Talc | 71.2.1.3 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Sheets of 6-membered rings interlayered 1:1, 2:1, and octahedra | |||
ⓘ | Chamosite | 71.4.1.7 | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
ⓘ | Clinochlore | 71.4.1.4 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Group 72 - PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings | |||
Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-membered rings | |||
ⓘ | Prehnite | 72.1.3.1 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Group 75 - TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks | |||
Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si | |||
ⓘ | Quartz | 75.1.3.1 | SiO2 |
Group 76 - TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework | |||
Al-Si Framework with Al-Si frameworks | |||
ⓘ | Albite | 76.1.3.1 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
ⓘ | Microcline | 76.1.1.5 | K(AlSi3O8) |
Unclassified Minerals, Mixtures, etc. | |||
ⓘ | Actinolite | - | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
ⓘ | 'Apophyllite' | - | |
ⓘ | Aragonite | - | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Barroisite | - | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
ⓘ | Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | - | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
ⓘ | 'Clinozoisite-Epidote Series' | - | |
ⓘ | Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | - | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
ⓘ | Ferro-hornblende | - | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Grossular var. Hessonite | - | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
ⓘ | Magnesio-hornblende | - | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Muscovite var. Sericite | - | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | 'Orthochrysotile' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
ⓘ | 'Stilbite subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
H | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
H | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
H | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Stilbite subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
H | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
H | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
B | Boron | |
B | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
B | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
C | ⓘ Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
C | ⓘ Graphite | C |
C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
C | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
O | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
O | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
O | ⓘ Stilbite subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
O | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
O | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
O | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Na | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
Na | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Na | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
Na | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
Na | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Mg | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
Mg | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
Mg | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
Mg | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Mg | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
Mg | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Mg | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Al | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Al | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Stilbite subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Al | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
Al | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Al | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
Al | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Anthophyllite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Leuchtenbergite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Si | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Stilbite subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | ⓘ Tourmaline | A(D3)G6(Si6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
Si | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Si | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
Si | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
S | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
S | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | {Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Ca | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | Ca2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) |
Ca | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22OH2 |
Ca | ⓘ Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Cr | Chromium | |
Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Cr | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
Cr | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
Cr | ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside | Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6 |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Fe | ⓘ Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe42+Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
Fe | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22OH2 |
Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
Fe | ⓘ Chamosite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8 |
Fe | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ni | Nickel | |
Ni | ⓘ Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Ni | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
Ni | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
Ni | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D = Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
As | Arsenic | |
As | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Ce | Cerium | |
Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Stuart, J. (1823): Localities of Minerals. American Journal of Science and Arts: 6: 249.
Robinson, Samuel (1825): A Catalogue of American Minerals, with Their Localities: 24.
Marsters, Vernon F. (1904). Petrography of the Amphibolite, Serpentine, and Associated Asbestos Deposits of Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. Geological Society of America Bulletin, Volume 16.: 419-445.
Diller, J. S. (1910). The Types, Modes of Occurrence, and Important Deposits of Asbestos in the United States. USGS Bulletin 470: 507-512.
Rocks & Minerals (1946): 21: 490.
Rocks & Minerals (1947): 22: 925.
Crane, C. E. (1954). Vermont makes silk from stone – the story of the nation’s largest asbestos operation located on a remote mountainside of northern Vermont, Vermont Life: 8(3): 2-9.
Cady, Wallace Martin; Albee, Arden Leroy; Chidester, A. H. (1963) Bedrock Geology and Asbestos Deposits of the Upper Missisquoi Valley and Vicinity, Vermont. USGS Bull 1122-B.
Gosse, Ralph (1968): Notes on Rare and Unusual New England Gemstones. Rocks & Minerals: 43: 756.
Clairborne, W.L., (1976). Vermont Asbestos Group: Worker-owned mine shows bright prospects, Vermont Life: 30(3): 9-13.
Chidester, A.H., Albee, A.L., and Cady, W.M., (1978). Petrology, structure and genesis of the asbestos-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Belvidere Mountain area in Vermont: U.S. Geologic Survey Professional Paper 1016, 95 p.
Labotka, T. C. and Albee, A. L. (1979). Serpentinization of the Belvidere Mountain ultramafic body, Vermont. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17(4): 831-845.
Gale, M.H., (1986). Geologic Map of the Belvidere Mountain Area, Eden and Lowell, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Misc. Investigations Series map I-1560.
Wallace, Paulette (1990). Eden asbestos mine among first in United States, News and Citizen, Morrisville, VT, February 22, 1990.
King, Vandall and Cares, J. (1996), Vermont Mineral Locality Index, Rocks and Minerals: 71: 324-335, 337-338.
Hadden, Sue (1996): Minerals of the Quarries of Lowell-Eden, Vermont. Rocks & Minerals: 71: 236-246.
Hollmann, Ken (1996). Recent Collecting at the Belvidere Mt. Quarry, Lowell, Vermont, Mineral News: 12(7): 1, 6-7.
Van Baalen, M., Francis, C., and Mossman, B. (1999). Mineralogy, petrology and health issues at the ultramafic complex, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont, USA: in Guidebook to Field Trips in Vermont and Adjacent Regions of New Hampshire and New York: 91st Annual New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Meeting, Burlington, Vermont.
Hollmann, Ken (2001): Epidote from the VAG Mine, Belvidere Mtn., Lowell, Vermont. Mineral News: 17(2): 1-7. (See also v. 12, #7.)
Hadden, Sue; Carlsen, Ken; Bentley, Arlene (2008): Grossular and associated minerals from the Eden Mills quarries, Vermont. Mineralogical Record: May 2008.
Levitan, Denise et al. (2009): Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere Mountain, Vermont. American Mineralogist: 94(7): 1063-1066.
External Links
http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/geo/industrialmins.htm Vermont Geological Survey
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Belvidere Mountain Quarries, Lowell & Eden, Orleans & Lamoille Cos., Vermont, USA