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Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
Regional Level Types
Okiep Copper DistrictMining District
Namakwa District MunicipalityDistrict Municipality
Northern CapeProvince
South AfricaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
29° 35' 44'' South , 17° 52' 50'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Area:
3,000 km2
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
53587
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:53587:3
GUID (UUID V4):
b1d7d74d-a189-4a23-9f49-0499e9605463
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
O'okiep Copper District


See under References, especially Cairncross (2004).

Okiep is a small town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, and was in the 1870s ranked as having the richest copper mine in the world. The town is on the site of a spring that was known in the Khoekhoe language of the Nama people as U-gieb (large brackish place) and was originally spelled as O'okiep.

Early settlers in the Cape Colony heard rumours of mountains in the north-west that were fabulously rich in copper. Governor Simon van der Stel was inclined to believe these tales when, in 1681, a group of Namas visited the Castle in Cape Town and brought along some pure copper. Van der Stel himself led a major expedition in 1685 and reached the fabled mountains on 21 October. Three shafts were sunk and revealed a rich lode of copper ore - the shafts exist to this day. For almost 200 years nothing was done about the discovery, largely because of its remote location. The explorer James Alexander was the first to follow up on van der Stel's discovery. In 1852 he examined the old shafts, discovered some other copper outcrops and started mining operations. Prospectors, miners and speculators rushed to the area, but many companies collapsed when the logistical difficulties became apparent.

The first miners were Cornish, and brought with them the expertise of centuries of tin-mining in Cornwall. The ruins of the buildings they constructed as well as the stonework of the bridges and culverts of the railway built to transport the ore to Port Nolloth, can still be seen. The Namaqualand Railway started operating in 1876 and lasted for 68 years, carrying ore to Port Nolloth and returning with equipment and provisions. The carriages were initially pulled by mules and horses, which were later replaced by steam locomotives - the last of these, the Clara, stands at Nababeep. Nowadays road transport is used to convey the ore to the railhead at Bitterfontein. The other principal mines of the area are at Carolusberg and Nababeep.

Okiep’s mine saw action on 4 April 1902 during the Anglo-Boer war when some 700 officers and men of the 3rd Battalion Queen's Royal Regiment, 5th Royal Warwickshire Regiment, Namaqualand Border Scouts, the Town Guard and the Cape Garrison Artillery, withstood a 30-day siege by Jan Smuts’ forces. The village of Concordia with a garrison of 100 men, surrendered a day after the siege started. On 4 May 1902 a British relief column arrived from Port Nolloth and ended the siege. A ruined blockhouse is still visible on a hill north-east of the town.

As with most metals copper suffered mixed fortunes, and in the early 20th century the copper price dropped below the profitable level, so that mining operations ceased, but were resumed when prices rose.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

79 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ 'Allanite Group'
Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ Allophane
Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
β“˜ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
β“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
β“˜ Axinite-(Fe)
Formula: Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
β“˜ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Description: Azurite is a rare accessory mineral in the copper mines in this area.
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Description: As attractive orange crystals up to 2cm, studded on quartz crystals.
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
β“˜ Bismuth
Formula: Bi
β“˜ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
β“˜ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
β“˜ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ Cassiterite ?
Formula: SnO2
β“˜ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
β“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
Habit: To 4 cm.
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
β“˜ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
β“˜ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
β“˜ Clinozoisite
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ Coloradoite
Formula: HgTe
β“˜ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
β“˜ Connellite
Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
β“˜ Copper
Formula: Cu
β“˜ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜ Cornetite
Formula: Cu3(PO4)(OH)3
β“˜ Corundum
Formula: Al2O3
β“˜ Covellite
Formula: CuS
β“˜ 'Cualstibite-1M'
Formula: (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
β“˜ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
β“˜ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
β“˜ Cyanotrichite
Formula: Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
β“˜ Enstatite
Formula: Mg2Si2O6
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ Ferberite
Formula: FeWO4
β“˜ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
β“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
β“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
β“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Hessite
Formula: Ag2Te
β“˜ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜ HΓΌbnerite
Formula: MnWO4
β“˜ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
β“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Jacobsite ?
Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜ Libethenite
Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH)
β“˜ 'Limonite'
β“˜ Linnaeite
Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4
β“˜ Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
β“˜ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
β“˜ Melonite
Formula: NiTe2
β“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ Millerite
Formula: NiS
β“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
β“˜ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Ξ£9S8
β“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜ Plancheite
Formula: Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
β“˜ Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
β“˜ Pseudomalachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
β“˜ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup'
Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
β“˜ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Habit: biterminated (doubly terminated)
Colour: water-clear
Description: Small crystals that occasionally have small fluid hydrocarbon inclusions which fluoresce bright yellow are found in the Springbok area.
β“˜ Reichenbachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
β“˜ Rickardite
Formula: Cu7Te5
β“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
β“˜ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
β“˜ Smithsonite
Formula: ZnCO3
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
β“˜ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
β“˜ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
β“˜ Sylvanite
Formula: AgAuTe4
β“˜ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
β“˜ Tetradymite
Formula: Bi2Te2S
β“˜ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
β“˜ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
β“˜ Thorite var. Uranothorite
Formula: (Th,U)SiO4
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜ Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
β“˜ 'Wolframite Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
β“˜ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
β“˜ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Copper1.AA.05Cu
β“˜Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Rickardite2.BA.30Cu7Te5
β“˜Hessite2.BA.60Ag2Te
β“˜Pentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
β“˜Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
β“˜Coloradoite2.CB.05aHgTe
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Millerite2.CC.20NiS
β“˜Mackinawite2.CC.25FeS
β“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
β“˜Linnaeite2.DA.05Co2+Co3+2S4
β“˜Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
β“˜Tetradymite2.DC.05Bi2Te2S
β“˜Sylvanite2.EA.05AgAuTe4
β“˜Melonite2.EA.20NiTe2
β“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Valleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
β“˜'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
β“˜Connellite3.DA.25Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 Β· 3H2O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Cuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
β“˜Tenorite4.AB.10CuO
β“˜Spinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Jacobsite ?4.BB.05Mn2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Corundum4.CB.05Al2O3
β“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
β“˜Quartz
var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz
4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
β“˜Cassiterite ?4.DB.05SnO2
β“˜Ferberite4.DB.30FeWO4
β“˜HΓΌbnerite4.DB.30MnWO4
β“˜'Wolframite Group'4.DB.30 va
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Smithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
β“˜Azurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
β“˜Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
β“˜Bismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜Brochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
β“˜Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 Β· 5H2O
β“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Cyanotrichite7.DE.10Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Scheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
β“˜Xenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
β“˜Libethenite8.BB.30Cu2(PO4)(OH)
β“˜Pseudomalachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
β“˜Reichenbachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
β“˜Cornetite8.BE.15Cu3(PO4)(OH)3
β“˜Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Almandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
β“˜Thorite
var. Uranothorite
9.AD.30(Th,U)SiO4
β“˜9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
β“˜Sillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜Axinite-(Fe)9.BD.20Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
β“˜Clinozoisite9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Cordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜Enstatite9.DA.05Mg2Si2O6
β“˜Plancheite9.DB.35Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 Β· H2O
β“˜Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
β“˜Muscovite
var. Sericite
9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Clinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Allophane9.ED.20(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 Β· 2.5-3H2O
β“˜Chrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1
β“˜Orthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
β“˜'Hornblende Root Name Group'-β—»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
β“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] Β· nH2O
β“˜'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
β“˜'Pumpellyite Subgroup'-Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
β“˜'Cualstibite-1M'-(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
β“˜'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
β“˜'Limonite'-
β“˜'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
β“˜'Allanite Group'-(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Hβ“˜ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hβ“˜ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Hβ“˜ CornetiteCu3(PO4)(OH)3
Hβ“˜ Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
Hβ“˜ CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Hβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ PlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
Hβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Hβ“˜ Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Hβ“˜ ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Hβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Hβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
BBoron
Bβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cβ“˜ SmithsoniteZnCO3
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Oβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oβ“˜ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oβ“˜ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ CassiteriteSnO2
Oβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oβ“˜ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Oβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oβ“˜ CornetiteCu3(PO4)(OH)3
Oβ“˜ CorundumAl2O3
Oβ“˜ CupriteCu2O
Oβ“˜ Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
Oβ“˜ CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Oβ“˜ FerberiteFeWO4
Oβ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ HΓΌbneriteMnWO4
Oβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oβ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ PlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
Oβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Oβ“˜ Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Oβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Oβ“˜ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Oβ“˜ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oβ“˜ TenoriteCuO
Oβ“˜ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Oβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oβ“˜ Thorite var. Uranothorite(Th,U)SiO4
Oβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fβ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Fβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Mgβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Alβ“˜ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alβ“˜ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alβ“˜ CorundumAl2O3
Alβ“˜ Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
Alβ“˜ CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Alβ“˜ Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Alβ“˜ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alβ“˜ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Alβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ Allophane(Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O
Siβ“˜ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siβ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siβ“˜ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siβ“˜ EnstatiteMg2Si2O6
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ PlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
Siβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siβ“˜ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siβ“˜ Thorite var. Uranothorite(Th,U)SiO4
Siβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
PPhosphorus
Pβ“˜ CornetiteCu3(PO4)(OH)3
Pβ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pβ“˜ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Pβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pβ“˜ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Pβ“˜ ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Pβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Pβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sβ“˜ ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Sβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Sβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sβ“˜ CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Sβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Sβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
Sβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Sβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Sβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Clβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Caβ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Caβ“˜ Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Caβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ HΓΌbneriteMnWO4
Mnβ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
FeIron
Feβ“˜ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ Axinite-(Fe)Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Feβ“˜ FerberiteFeWO4
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feβ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
CoCobalt
Coβ“˜ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
NiNickel
Niβ“˜ MeloniteNiTe2
Niβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
Niβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuβ“˜ ConnelliteCu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Cuβ“˜ CornetiteCu3(PO4)(OH)3
Cuβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Cuβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuβ“˜ CupriteCu2O
Cuβ“˜ Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
Cuβ“˜ CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O
Cuβ“˜ CopperCu
Cuβ“˜ LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Cuβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuβ“˜ PlancheiteCu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
Cuβ“˜ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cuβ“˜ ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cuβ“˜ RickarditeCu7Te5
Cuβ“˜ TenoriteCuO
Cuβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
YYttrium
Yβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
ZrZirconium
Zrβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
MoMolybdenum
Moβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Agβ“˜ HessiteAg2Te
Agβ“˜ SylvaniteAgAuTe4
SnTin
Snβ“˜ CassiteriteSnO2
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ Cualstibite-1M(Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6]
Sbβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
TeTellurium
Teβ“˜ ColoradoiteHgTe
Teβ“˜ HessiteAg2Te
Teβ“˜ MeloniteNiTe2
Teβ“˜ RickarditeCu7Te5
Teβ“˜ SylvaniteAgAuTe4
Teβ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
WTungsten
Wβ“˜ FerberiteFeWO4
Wβ“˜ HΓΌbneriteMnWO4
Wβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
AuGold
Auβ“˜ SylvaniteAgAuTe4
HgMercury
Hgβ“˜ ColoradoiteHgTe
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biβ“˜ BismuthBi
Biβ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Biβ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
ThThorium
Thβ“˜ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Thβ“˜ Thorite var. Uranothorite(Th,U)SiO4
UUranium
Uβ“˜ Thorite var. Uranothorite(Th,U)SiO4

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Proterozoic : 1031 Ma to 950 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Precambrian
 Proterozoic
  Neoproterozoic
   Tonian
β“˜ Molybdenite (youngest age)950 MaNarrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
  Mesoproterozoic
   Stenian
β“˜ Molybdenite (oldest age)1031 MaNarrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okiep
Wikidata ID:Q1003356

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

African PlateTectonic Plate

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References

 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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