Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Okiep Copper District | Mining District |
Namakwa District Municipality | District Municipality |
Northern Cape | Province |
South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
29° 35' 44'' South , 17° 52' 50'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Area:
3,000 km2
Type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
53587
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:53587:3
GUID (UUID V4):
b1d7d74d-a189-4a23-9f49-0499e9605463
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
O'okiep Copper District
See under References, especially Cairncross (2004).
Okiep is a small town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, and was in the 1870s ranked as having the richest copper mine in the world. The town is on the site of a spring that was known in the Khoekhoe language of the Nama people as U-gieb (large brackish place) and was originally spelled as O'okiep.
Early settlers in the Cape Colony heard rumours of mountains in the north-west that were fabulously rich in copper. Governor Simon van der Stel was inclined to believe these tales when, in 1681, a group of Namas visited the Castle in Cape Town and brought along some pure copper. Van der Stel himself led a major expedition in 1685 and reached the fabled mountains on 21 October. Three shafts were sunk and revealed a rich lode of copper ore - the shafts exist to this day. For almost 200 years nothing was done about the discovery, largely because of its remote location. The explorer James Alexander was the first to follow up on van der Stel's discovery. In 1852 he examined the old shafts, discovered some other copper outcrops and started mining operations. Prospectors, miners and speculators rushed to the area, but many companies collapsed when the logistical difficulties became apparent.
The first miners were Cornish, and brought with them the expertise of centuries of tin-mining in Cornwall. The ruins of the buildings they constructed as well as the stonework of the bridges and culverts of the railway built to transport the ore to Port Nolloth, can still be seen. The Namaqualand Railway started operating in 1876 and lasted for 68 years, carrying ore to Port Nolloth and returning with equipment and provisions. The carriages were initially pulled by mules and horses, which were later replaced by steam locomotives - the last of these, the Clara, stands at Nababeep. Nowadays road transport is used to convey the ore to the railhead at Bitterfontein. The other principal mines of the area are at Carolusberg and Nababeep.
Okiepβs mine saw action on 4 April 1902 during the Anglo-Boer war when some 700 officers and men of the 3rd Battalion Queen's Royal Regiment, 5th Royal Warwickshire Regiment, Namaqualand Border Scouts, the Town Guard and the Cape Garrison Artillery, withstood a 30-day siege by Jan Smutsβ forces. The village of Concordia with a garrison of 100 men, surrendered a day after the siege started. On 4 May 1902 a British relief column arrived from Port Nolloth and ended the siege. A ruined blockhouse is still visible on a hill north-east of the town.
As with most metals copper suffered mixed fortunes, and in the early 20th century the copper price dropped below the profitable level, so that mining operations ceased, but were resumed when prices rose.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities79 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
β | Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
β | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
β | Rickardite | 2.BA.30 | Cu7Te5 |
β | Hessite | 2.BA.60 | Ag2Te |
β | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
β | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
β | Coloradoite | 2.CB.05a | HgTe |
β | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
β | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
β | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
β | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
β | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
β | Linnaeite | 2.DA.05 | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
β | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
β | Tetradymite | 2.DC.05 | Bi2Te2S |
β | Sylvanite | 2.EA.05 | AgAuTe4 |
β | Melonite | 2.EA.20 | NiTe2 |
β | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
β | Valleriite | 2.FD.30 | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
β | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
β | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
β | Connellite | 3.DA.25 | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 Β· 3H2O |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
β | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
β | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
β | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
β | Jacobsite ? | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
β | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
β | Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
β | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
β | Cassiterite ? | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
β | Ferberite | 4.DB.30 | FeWO4 |
β | HΓΌbnerite | 4.DB.30 | MnWO4 |
β | 'Wolframite Group' | 4.DB.30 va | |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
β | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
β | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
β | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
β | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
β | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
β | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
β | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
β | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 Β· 5H2O |
β | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 Β· 2H2O |
β | Cyanotrichite | 7.DE.10 | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O |
β | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
β | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
β | Libethenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
β | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
β | Reichenbachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
β | Cornetite | 8.BE.15 | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
β | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
β | Thorite var. Uranothorite | 9.AD.30 | (Th,U)SiO4 |
β | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) | |
β | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
β | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
β | Axinite-(Fe) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
β | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
β | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
β | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
β | Plancheite | 9.DB.35 | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 Β· H2O |
β | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
β | Muscovite var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
β | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
β | Allophane | 9.ED.20 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 Β· 2.5-3H2O |
β | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1 |
β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
β | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
Unclassified | |||
β | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | β»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
β | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
β | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] Β· nH2O |
β | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
β | 'Pumpellyite Subgroup' | - | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
β | 'Cualstibite-1M' | - | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
β | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
β | 'Limonite' | - | |
β | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
β | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
H | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
H | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
H | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
H | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
H | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
H | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
H | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
H | β Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
H | β Cualstibite-1M | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
H | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
H | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
H | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
H | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
H | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
H | β Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
H | β Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
H | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
H | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
H | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
B | Boron | |
B | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
C | Carbon | |
C | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
C | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
C | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
O | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
O | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
O | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
O | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
O | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
O | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
O | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
O | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
O | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
O | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
O | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
O | β Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
O | β Corundum | Al2O3 |
O | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
O | β Cualstibite-1M | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
O | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
O | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
O | β Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
O | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
O | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
O | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
O | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | β Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β HΓΌbnerite | MnWO4 |
O | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
O | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | β Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
O | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
O | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
O | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
O | β Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
O | β Rutile | TiO2 |
O | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
O | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
O | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
O | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
O | β Tenorite | CuO |
O | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
O | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
O | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
O | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
F | Fluorine | |
F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
F | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
F | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
F | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Mg | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Mg | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Mg | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Mg | β Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
Mg | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Mg | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Mg | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
Al | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Al | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
Al | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Al | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Al | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Al | β Corundum | Al2O3 |
Al | β Cualstibite-1M | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
Al | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Al | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Al | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Al | β Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
Al | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Al | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Al | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
Al | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
Si | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Si | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
Si | β Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
Si | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Si | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Si | β Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Si | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Si | β Quartz var. "Herkimer-style" Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
Si | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Si | β Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | β Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Si | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
Si | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
Si | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | β Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
P | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
P | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
P | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
P | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
P | β Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
P | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
S | Sulfur | |
S | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
S | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
S | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
S | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
S | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
S | β Covellite | CuS |
S | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
S | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
S | β Galena | PbS |
S | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
S | β Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
S | β Mackinawite | FeS |
S | β Millerite | NiS |
S | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
S | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
S | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | β Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
S | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
S | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
Cl | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
K | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | β Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Ca | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Ca | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Ca | β Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Ca | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
Ca | β Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Ca | β Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Ca | β Pumpellyite Subgroup | Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A |
Ca | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Ca | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Ti | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | β Rutile | TiO2 |
Ti | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | β HΓΌbnerite | MnWO4 |
Mn | β Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Fe | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Fe | β Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
Fe | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | β Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
Fe | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | β Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | β Mackinawite | FeS |
Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
Co | Cobalt | |
Co | β Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
Ni | Nickel | |
Ni | β Melonite | NiTe2 |
Ni | β Millerite | NiS |
Ni | β Pentlandite | (NixFey)Ξ£9S8 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | β Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Cu | β Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | β Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
Cu | β Chalcocite | Cu2S |
Cu | β Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
Cu | β Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
Cu | β Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
Cu | β Covellite | CuS |
Cu | β Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Cu | β Cuprite | Cu2O |
Cu | β Cualstibite-1M | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
Cu | β Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
Cu | β Copper | Cu |
Cu | β Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Cu | β Plancheite | Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O |
Cu | β Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
Cu | β Reichenbachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
Cu | β Rickardite | Cu7Te5 |
Cu | β Tenorite | CuO |
Cu | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
Cu | β Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | β Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
Zn | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
Y | Yttrium | |
Y | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Mo | Molybdenum | |
Mo | β Molybdenite | MoS2 |
Ag | Silver | |
Ag | β Hessite | Ag2Te |
Ag | β Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
Sb | Antimony | |
Sb | β Cualstibite-1M | (Cu,Al)3(OH)6[Sb5+(OH)6] |
Sb | β Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
Te | Tellurium | |
Te | β Coloradoite | HgTe |
Te | β Hessite | Ag2Te |
Te | β Melonite | NiTe2 |
Te | β Rickardite | Cu7Te5 |
Te | β Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
Te | β Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
Ba | Barium | |
Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
W | Tungsten | |
W | β Ferberite | FeWO4 |
W | β HΓΌbnerite | MnWO4 |
W | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Au | Gold | |
Au | β Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
Hg | Mercury | |
Hg | β Coloradoite | HgTe |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | β Galena | PbS |
Bi | Bismuth | |
Bi | β Bismuth | Bi |
Bi | β Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
Bi | β Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
Bi | β Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
Th | Thorium | |
Th | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
Th | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
U | Uranium | |
U | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Proterozoic : 1031 Ma to 950 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
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Precambrian | |||||||
Proterozoic | |||||||
Neoproterozoic | |||||||
Tonian |
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Mesoproterozoic | |||||||
Stenian |
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Other Databases
Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okiep |
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Wikidata ID: | Q1003356 |
Localities in this Region
- Northern Cape
- Namakwa District Municipality
- Okiep Copper District
- Biesies Mine
- Brandkloof Mine
- Carolusberg No. 1 Mine
- Carolusberg No. 2 Mine
- ⭔Concordia
- Divide Mine
- Divide South deposit
- Divide West deposit
- East Okiep Mine
- Ezelsfontein Mine (Eezelsfontein Mine)
- Hoits Mine
- Kilduncan Mine
- Kliphoog Mine
- Klondyke Central mine
- Koeelkop mine
- Koperberg mine
- Koringhoek deposit
- Lura South
- Nababeep
- Okiep Copper District
- Namakwa District Municipality
- Northern Cape
- Namakwa District Municipality
- Okiep Copper District
- Nababeep
- Narrap Mine
- Nigramoep mine
- Okiep Mine (O'Okiep Mine)
- Schaaprivier mine
- Schaaprivier West mine
- Spektakel Mine
- Spektakel Northwest mine
- ⭔Springbok
- T'kodas
- Van Der Stel's copper mine
- Wheal Flat mine
- Wheal Heath
- Wheal Heath West
- Whytes West mine
- Okiep Copper District
- Namakwa District Municipality
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
African PlateTectonic Plate
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
References
www.sciencedirect.com (n.d.) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0892687513002173
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Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa